Transcript Tsunami of 1998 Papua New Guinea

Dr. Michael Moore presents:
What is a tsunami?
• A tsunami (pronounced tsoo-nah-mee) is a series of
waves caused by a sudden huge vertical
displacement of water.
• Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions,
explosions, and even the impact of cosmic bodies,
such as meteorites, can generate tsunamis.
• Tsunamis can savagely attack coastlines, causing
devastating property damage and loss of life.
Origin of the word – “tsunami”
• Tsunami is a Japanese
word with the English
translation, "harbor wave."
• Represented by two
characters, the top
character, "tsu," means
harbor, while the bottom
character, "nami," means
"wave."
Origin Time and Epicenter
Sunday, 26 Dec 2004,
at 00:58:50 UTC
The epicenter was at
3.298°N, 95.779°E
Its focal depth was
shallow (about 33 km
http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.html
Countries Affected by the 2004
Indian Earthquake/Tsumani
Southeast Asia and beyond
• Indonesia, Sri Lanka,
India,
Thailand,
the Maldives, Somalia,
Myanmar,
Malaysia
• Many other countries, especially Australia
and those in Europe, had large numbers of
citizens traveling in the region on holiday.
Tectonic Plates of Earth
Types of earthquake faults
http://www.iris.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm
Movements of Tectonic Plates
The Ring of Fire
For millions of years the India
tectonic plate has drifted and
moved in a north/northeast
direction, colliding with the
Eurasian tectonic plate and forming
the Himalayan mountains.
As a result of such migration and
collision with both the Eurasian and
the Australian tectonic plates, the
Indian plate's eastern boundary is a
diffuse zone of seismicity and
deformation, characterized by
extensive faulting and numerous
earthquakes.
http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Tsunami2004Indonesia.ht
ml
Current Earthquakes as of 1/27/05
Today
Yesterday
Past 2 weeks
http://www.iris.edu/seismon/
Past 5 years
24-Hour Seismic Data Plot
Inuvik, NWT in Western Canada
http://www.pgc.nrcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/browse_daily_plots
Aftershocks - magnitude at least 3.0
A Snapshot of the Dec 26, 2004
Indian Ocean earthquake
• The earthquake (magnitude of 9.0) generated a
tsunami that was among the deadliest disasters in
modern history.
• Estimated energy equal to 23,000 atomic bombs!!!
(according to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
• In 1964, there was a Good Friday Earthquake off
Alaska. (9.2 magnitude)
• Tied for fourth largest earthquake since 1900.
Current Earthquakes as of 1/27/05
Today
Yesterday
Past 2 weeks
http://www.iris.edu/seismon/
Past 5 years
A megathrust fault
Vertical Displacement of Water
A water ripple from the origin
Waves vs Tsunami
Tidal Waves = 12 hours between waves, caused by
gravity from the moon and the sun
Wind waves
10 seconds between waves
Wavelength = 150 meters
waves move in circular motion
Tsunami
1 hour between waves
moves 500-1000 km per hour
then suddenly slows down to 10
km/hr with a moving wall of water
10 to 30 meters high near land!
http://www.ess.washington.edu/tsunami/images/tsulg.jpg
Changes in tsunami wave shape as it
approaches land.
http://www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/hazards/naturalhazards/coastal/tsunami.htm
Tsumani Waves
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/great_waves/tsunami_great_waves_4.html
an Animation of a Tsunami
http://esminfo.prenhall.com/science/geoanimations/animations/86_Tsunami.html
Dr. Snyder’s Tsunami
for his Physics Class
going on now!!!!
Most Recent TSUNAMIS
TSUNAMI of December 26, 2004
TSUNAMI of November 28, 2004
TSUNAMI of November 21, 2004
TSUNAMI of November 11, 2004
TSUNAMI of September 5, 2004
TSUNAMI of September 5, 2004
TSUNAMI of November 17, 2003
TSUNAMI of September 25, 2003
TSUNAMI of January 22, 2003
TSUNAMI of January 20, 2003
TSUNAMI of October 10, 2002
TSUNAMI of September 13, 2002
TSUNAMI of September 8, 2002
TSUNAMI of January 2, 2002
TSUNAMI of June 23, 2001
TSUNAMI of November 26, 1999
TSUNAMI of July 17, 1998
TSUNAMI of May 3, 1998
TSUNAMI of December 5, 1997
TSUNAMI of April 21, 1997
TSUNAMI of December 2, 1996
TSUNAMI of November 12, 1996
TSUNAMI of September 5, 1996
TSUNAMI of September 4, 1996
TSUNAMIS of June 10, 1996
2004 Sumatra Earthquake/Tsunami
http://staff.aist.go.jp/kenji.satake/animation.gif
First wave of tsunami hitting the
Maldives
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Wave.jpg
Amateur Asian Tsunami Video Footage
http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/
2004 Indonesia Tsunami Complete.gif
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:2004_Indonesia_Tsunami_Complete.gif
Amateur Videos of the Tsunami
http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/
ttp://www.waxy.org/archive/2004/12/28/amateur_.shtml
• BCC News – Animation of a tsunami
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/4136289.stm
• PBS Animations
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/animations/tsunami/main.
html
Propagation of Tsunami Waves
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Island of Sumatra 15 minutes
Sri Lanka/India 1 1/2 hours
Thailand
2 hours
Somalia
7 hours
South Africa
16 hours
Mexico
>16 hours
South America >16 hours
15 meter high waves
15 meter high waves
15 meter high waves
?
1.5 meter high waves
2.6 meter high waves
0.2 - 0.4 meter waves
Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka (before tsumani)
Receding waters, Kalutara Beach, Sri Lanka
“Before” photo of Gleebruk Village
http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/13.html
“After” photo of Gleebruk Village
http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/13.html
“Before” photo of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
http://serc.carleton.edu/images/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/bandaaceh.jpg
“After” photo of Banda Aceh, Indonesia
http://serc.carleton.edu/images/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/bandaaceh.jpg
“Before” photo of Meulaboh, Indonesia
http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/20.html
“After” photo of Meulaboh, Indonesia
http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/20.html
Vegetation stripped away from mountain side at Lhoknga.
http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/tsunamis/2005/tsunamis/041226_indianOcean/sumatra/sumatra.html
More Amateur movies of the tsumani
http://www.westhamptonbeach.k12.ny.us/teacher
s/cohen/sciweb/earthscience/tsunami.htm
Deaths
Country where
deaths occurred
Confirmed
Estimated
Injured
Missing
Indonesia
173,981
220,000
~100,000
Sri Lanka
38,195
38,195
15,686
India
10,744
16,413
Thailand
5,305
Somalia
150+
Myanmar (Burma)
59
6,245
Displaced
400,000- 700,000
23,000+
~573,000
—
5,669
380,000
11,000
8,457
4,499
—
298
—
—
2,500
45
7,000
5,000
3,200 confirmed
Malaysia
68– 74
74
299
—
—
Maldives
82
108
—
26
12,000 – 22,000
Seychelles
1-3
3
—
—
—
Tanzania
10
10+
—
—
—
Bangladesh
2
2
—
—
—
South Africa
2
2
—
—
—
Kenya
1
2
2
—
—
Yemen
1
1
—
—
—
Madagascar
—
—
—
—
1,000+
~288,608
~125,000
Total
228,601+
~40,000
~1.5 million
Pacific Tsunami Warning Centers
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/itic/library/pubs/great_waves/tsunami_great_waves_8.html
www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s560.htmtsunami-buoy-deploy2.jpg