Transcript Verbs + infinitive or –ing form
Verbs +
infinitive
–
ing
form or
See credits Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use ‘to’ + ‘infinitive’
3 special cases
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use ‘to’ + ‘infinitive’
• • • •
After adjectives After certain verbs After the indefinite pronouns something, anything,
nothing...
To express purpose or reason Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use ‘to’ + ‘infinitive’
• After adjectives (pattern) – I find it difficult to do.
– This is easy to answer.
– It’s great to see you here!
• After certain verbs – I
want
to go.
– Sam
decided
to help the old lady.
• After the indefinite pronouns
something, anything, nothing...
– I have
nothing
to wear .
• To express purpose or reason – She needs to take some pills to sleep .
– Do you always use an alarm clock to wake up ?
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
These verbs are followed by
infinitive
with ‘to’
• Teach • Manage • Decide • Happen • Seem • Allow • Attempt • Deserve • Expect • Fail • Neglect • Threaten • Dare • Offer me to cook.
to ride the bike.
to take the wallet with me to have the money.
to hate that singer.
them to go out alone.
to answer the question.
to get the ticket.
to travel soon.
to pass the exam.
to take care of the dog.
to call the police.
to do something crazy.
to help others.
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use verb + verb followed by ‘-ing’
3 special cases
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use verb + verb followed by ‘-ing’ • After prepositions • After certain verbs • As the subject of a sentence
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Use verb + verb followed by ‘-ing’
• After prepositions – What sort of things stop you
from
sleeping ?
– What are you thinking
of
doing – Sorry, I’m not very good
at
next summer?
cooking .
• After certain verbs – I
avoid
going to my uncle’s house.
– Sam
misses
coming – Joanne doesn’t
mind
here on Sundays.
travelling by plane.
• As the subject of a sentence – Sleeping is a pleasure for me.
– Swimming is good for health.
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Curiosity
• •
• Did you know about the continuous infinitive?
For the present
–
They seem to be studying hard!
For the past
–
They seem to have been studying hard
!
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
• Avoid • Admit • Mind • Risk • Imagine • Enjoy • Finish • Can’t help • Suggest • Postpone • Consider
These verbs are followed by
-ing
taking the 11 o’clock bus.
doing homework at night.
washing the dishes?
leaving my car outside.
travelling to Italy with him.
studying languages eating your lunch, Jimmy.
believing he’s here! travelling by car.
studying hard.
Studying for the finals.
living abroad.
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Curiosity
• Did you know that...
–
The –ing form comes after:
•
Verbs that indicate
: – –
Start Continuation
–
End Start, begin, continue
and
intend
can also be followed by the infinitive with no change in meaning!
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Some verbs are followed by infinitive or
–ing
with
difference
in
meaning:
Ex: remember, forget, stop, regret, try
nbnb
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
•
Remember
•
(
past experiences –ing; sth to do - infinitive
It means to relive a memory.
)
– I remember taking long walks with my dad.
– Dad, remember to take long walks, ok?
•
Forget
(
past events -ing; sth to do -infinitive
)
– Sue will never forget playing the piano for the first time in front of that huge audience.
– Sue forgot to mail these letters.
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
–
Regret
– I don’t regret moving to New York. (feel sorry or sad that sth has happend/ you have (not) done/said sth) – I regret to inform the scholarships are over. (
formal
when giving bad news; informing someone about something) –
Try
– Try using this knife to cut that. (to do sth to see what will happen) – I tried to use a knife, but the wood was very thick. (make na effort to do sth difficult).
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
•
Stop
– I stopped to answer the question posed by one parent. (I stopped doing sth because of sth else – reason for stopping the previous action) – They stopped chatting when the teacher entered the room. (the act of talking has stopped)
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Some more information
• There are verbs followed by –
ing
or
infinitive
with SMALL or NO difference in meaning.
• Begin to do / begin doing • Continue to do / doing • Start to do / doing • Propose to do / doing • Intend to do / doing • Can’t stand, love, hate, like, prefer,
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Some exercises
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
• Six of the following sentences are incorrect. Find the mistakes and correct them.
She doesn’t remember to learn to ride the bicycle.
2.
I couldn’t imagine to live in a big city.
Do you miss having contact with colleagues now that you work from home?
I like to get up an our before I have to leave for work.
What do you intend doing after you leave grade school?
Surely you’re not allowed to know the exam questions in advance?
I’m sorry, but they made me to tell them where I had hidden the money.
Why don’t you try memorizing new vocabulary just before you go to sleep.
They encouraged me starting playing the piano from a very early age.
Don’t forget to phone your dad this evening.
We did not expect you being home too soon.
Do you miss to talk to your brother now he’s left home?
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Answer key
1. She doesn’t remember learning to ride the bicycle.
2. I couldn’t imagine living in a big city.
3. Do you miss having contact with colleagues now that you work from home?
4. I like to get up an our before I have to leave for work.
5. What do you intend doing after you leave grade school?
6. Surely you’re not allowed to know the exam questions in advance?
7. I’m sorry, but they made me tell them where I had hidden the money.
8. Why don’t you try memorizing new vocabulary just before you go to sleep.
9. They encouraged me to start playing the piano from a very early age.
10. Don’t forget to phone your dad this evening.
11. We did not expect you to be home too soon.
12. Do you miss talking to your brother now he’s left home?
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
Credits
• • • Slides by Teacher Angela Carvalho Pictures – Google images Sources – KAY, Sue & JONES, Vaughan.
American Inside Out Upper Intermediate A.
Macmillan, 2003.
– ACKLAM, R.
Gold advanced coursebook
. Longman, 2003.
– Macmillan English Dictionary: for advanced learners of American English. Macmillan, 2002.
– SASLOW,J & ASCHER, A. Summit 1. 2nd ed.Pearson, 2012
If you want to practice this subject you can go to: http://fds.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/elt/products/intfile2.pdf
exercise 4 Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009
See you next class
Slides designed by teacher Angela Carvalho – Jan 2009