Transcript Situation in Lao PDR

Situation in Lao PDR
A policy toward the end of poverty
Potential roles for agricultural
organizations
Lao experience with cooperatives and
farmer organizations
1986
1975
1978
1 300
NUMBER OF
COOPERATIVES
Prime Minister
Office
Nationwide food
sufficient objectives
State-owned cooperative
4 000
1990
Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Cooperatives
New forms
of groupings
MAF
Transition toward
socialist oriented
market economy
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Situation in the field
Rapid presentation of a
couple of initiatives
Water User Associations
Water user associations functions are :
Improving access to water
Managing collective regulations for irrigation purpose
Secure wet season crops
Enable wider areas of dry season cropping
Improve the yields
Reduce environmental problems (by shifting cultivation)
Still some problems in terms of capacities
(leadership,
enforcement of collective regulations, irrigation schemes not
always well maintained, no sustainable management)
Legal basis is already quite developed (decree on the
establishment and operations of WUA, decree on the full transfer
of irrigation system to WUA, law on water and water resources, )
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Coffee producer organizations in
Boloven Plateau
In the districts of Paksong, Laongam and Thateng
2 625 producers, associated in 53 coffee producer
groups / “legalization” by district authorities.
AGPC
2006-2007: Farmers have formed groups to
process and market high-quality coffee collectively
Similar organization as a “renovated cooperative”:
business and profit oriented.
2007 : The groups put themselves under a second
level facility : the Association of Boloven Plateau
Coffee Producer Groups (AGPC)
AGPC’s mission is to provide representation of
groups and encourage the promotion and
marketing of quality coffee.
AGPC is evolving toward new activities (credit
broker, services provision, extension…)
Interesting results.
project/authorities.
“upscaling” further.
53 coffee
producer groups
2 625 families
Regular monitoring by
Potential
exist
for
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Maize marketing organizations in
Bokeo
10 commercial companies
(border-trading
companies)
18 micro enterprises
founded and managed
by farmers
Contract farming
Contract farming
280 sub-groups
308 villages
14 257 families
Micro enterprise status: only way to get round the lack of legal
framework for profit making farmers groups
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Organizations working with the
“Smallholder development project”
Project carried out in 16 districts
Help rice-farmers to develop a
market-oriented agriculture and
diversify the dry season crops
182
farmer
production
marketing groups
and
Assessment of groups currently
ongoing by project
Groups are receiving support
from project but are often
limited in their capacity to
establish their own purposes
and objectives.
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Type of Farmer group in Lao PDR
Name
2006-10
Agricultural sector
1,054
Livestock sector
1,666
Water User group
19
Saving/revolving group
372
Community Forest group
65
Total:
3,176
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
“Contract farming organizations”
Farmers receive a production
support by the company (credit,
inputs, services…)
Farmer are “grouped” for the
purpose of limiting “transaction
costs” : one single “contract” with
the group, rather than lots of
individuals “contracts”
Company
based
initiative.
Sometimes supported by local
extension services.
“Business
driven”:
farmers
usually not at the initiative
Processors
Traders
Input
Technical advice
Access to market
Land
Labor
Farmers
eventually in group
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
A multitude of forms of local organizations
TYPE
FUNCTIONS
Organic Vegetable -Learning about organic agriculture
Growing Group
techniques
-Managing collective regulation
(pesticide free area, etc..)
-Marketing of production
Rice Banks
Managing collectively a rice bank
Animal Banks
Managing collectively a livestock
bank
Mutualist saving and credit group
Savings and credits
groups
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Most popular form of farmer organization
- Formed for a
specific and
temporary purpose
EXTENSION GROUPS :
Training and extension group …
IPM groups
SCV groups
- Light
organizational
structure
- Organization is a
way to
receive/deliver
technical
knowledge
Usually formed at the initiative of
Extension staff/projects
-Absence of legal
framework not
really a constraint
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Taking stock of current
knowledge on farmer groups
Rapid presentation of a
couple of initiatives
Research work done under AFPRC
Agriculture and Forestry Policy Research
Center
Research Thrust 3 “Improving enabling
environment and mechanisms to support
agriculture and forestry production for
increased land use effectiveness.”
Research Area : “Agri-business development
and production groups”
Catch-up research project (under AFPRC
umbrella)
“Managing the transition from farmers’ groups
to agricultural cooperatives”
20 projects involving farmers groups were
reviewed
Papers drafted
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Studies / Capitalization done under
projects
Study on contract farming (Leap)
Workshops and workshop reports by VECO
(Bokeo)
2 studies on
PCADR/PAB
coffee
groups
under
Irrigation Diagnostic
Study.
Assessed
problems/successes of WUA (PCADR - GoI)
Smallholder study (NAFES)
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Lao current legal environment
for farmers organizations
Potential and limits
General overview
Text
References
MAF mandate
“Article 3: MAF functions are:”…“Developing appropriate measures to support the
development of household economy, the establishment and movement of production
groups, modern cooperatives, state owned and collective corporation and other forms of
production that lead to modern and effective agricultural intensified production”
Law on agriculture
“Article 43. Building Agricultural Markets”…”There should also be established agricultural
cooperatives companies that bind themselves to buy and sell through direct links with
farmers, and agricultural products export companies.”
“Article 62. Marketing”…”encourage the establishment of farmer’s cooperatives”
Locally enabling
environment
Groups formed locally can get a “legalization” by local authorities (Example of AGPC)
Legislation on WUA
Decree on Articles of Association for Irrigation Water User Association, No.0156/AF, 11
March 1997
Order on Full Transfer of irrigation project to Community Organization, No.26/PM, 18
December 1998
Decree on the Establishment and Operation of Water User Associations, No.1150/AF.2000,
27 June 2000
Decree on the Full Transfer of Irrigation Systems to Water User Associations,
No.1149/MAF.2000, 27 June 2000
Decree on property law
Decree on the Promulgation on the Property Law, No.04/PO, 27 July 1990
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Important recent text
 DECREE ON ASSOCIATIONS (29th April 2009).
Signed by Prime Minister.
Association refers to a non-profit civil organization set up on a
voluntary basis and operating on a permanent basis to protect
the rights and legitimate interest of the association, its members
or communities;
Non-profit seeking means properties and revenues are
obtained from an association’s activities after deduction of
administrative costs and the balance is not distributed but
applied towards the objectives set out in the association’s
charter.
 DECREE on Cooperative No.136/MP, 10th March 2010.
Signed by Prime Minister.
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
Recent initiatives aimed at
improving legal environment
Current project in order to set up an ASEAN
cooperatives status for the ASEAN countries
(Lao PDR is the only country of ASEAN not to
have a national law.
Draft regulation on Agricultural cooperative
will sign by Agriculture & Forestry Minister
(NAFES preparing)
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
CONCLUSIONS
Quite a substantial number of initiatives already exist
at local level
Existing farmer organizations are of various types,
fulfilling various functions
These organizations are playing an important role in
providing/delivering services to farmers, protecting
their interest, improving their capacities, raising their
incomes
Legal framework is globally enabling but not really
regulating, particularly for business oriented farmers’
organizations
Farmers organization in Lao PDR
ຂອບໃຈ
Thank you
for your attention
Farmers organization in Lao PDR