Transcript Chapter 26, Section 5 - Union Endicott High School

Chapter 27, Section 5:
The End of the War
Main Idea: In the Pacific,
the Japanese continued to
resist American advances
until two atomic bombs
were dropped on their
home islands.
A. War in the Pacific
2 main goals of the US in the Pacific:
regain the Philippines & invade Japan.
Island Hopping
Island Hopping – capturing some
Japanese-held islands & going around
others to use them as steppingstones to
control the Pacific & advance on Japan.
1. American ships shell an island, 2. Troops
land under heavy gunfire, 3. Troops engage in
hand-to-hand combat, suffering heavy losses.
Navajo “code-talkers” were used to send
radio messages from ship to ship & island
to island in secrecy (Japan never learns).
MacArthur “returns” to the Philippines, &
Americans capture Iwo Jima & Okinawa.
Japanese kamikaze pilots intentionally
crashed loaded planes into US ships (USS
Emmons), rather than surrender (suicide).
Allied
CounterOffensive:
“IslandHopping”
Japanese Kamikaze Planes:
The Scourge of the South Pacific
Kamikaze Pilots
Suicide Bombers
Pacific Theater of Operations
Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the
Philippines! [1944]
Attacking the Home
Islands
• By April 1945, American
forces were close enough
to Japan to launch an
attack on the homeland.
• To prepare, American
bombers pounded
Japanese factories &
cities, while our ships
bombarded the coastlines.
•
Japanese civilians suffered
heavily, but the Japanese
government still refused to
surrender (Bushido).
• The US planned to invade
Japan in autumn 1945, but
they expected very high
casualties based on the
number of men lost in
previous island battles.
•
Estimates ranged from 250,000
to a million more if we invaded
Japan.
B. The Surrender of Japan
Potsdam Declaration – Allies
warned Japan to surrender or face
“prompt and utter destruction,”
meaning the newly developed
atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
Japan ignored the warning, mostly
because they didn’t realize what we had.
On August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay
dropped an atomic bomb on
Hiroshima, destroying most of the
city & killing over 70,000 instantly.
Japan still didn’t surrender.
On August 9th, the US dropped a
2nd bomb on Nagasaki, killing over
40,000 more instantly.
Many more from both cities will die
later from the effects of radiation.
Japan surrendered on August 14th
(V-J Day). The formal ceremony
(9/2/45) took place on the USS
Missouri in Tokyo Bay. War is over!
Little Boy
Fat Man
Enola Gay Crew
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945
 70,000 killed
immediately.
 48,000
buildings.
destroyed.
 100,000s
died of
radiation
poisoning &
cancer later.
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945
 40,000 killed immediately.
 60,000 injured.
 100,000s died of radiation
poisoning & cancer later.
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)
C. The Deadliest War in History
Death Toll - Historians estimate the total
number of deaths for WWII to be between
30 & 60 million people worldwide.
Much of Europe & Asia was destroyed by
bombers (houses, roads, bridges, RRs,
factories, farms …). By the end of the war,
millions were left homeless & out of work.
After the war, Americans were horrified to
learn of the brutal mistreatment of POWs.
The Bataan Death March - After capturing
the Philippines in 1942, the Japanese forced
about 75,000 American & Filipino prisoners to
march 65 miles with little food or water. 10,000
of them died or were killed along the way.
WW
II
Casualties
Europe
Each symbol
indicates
100,000 dead
in the
appropriate
theater of
operations
Asia
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R.
Emerged as the Two Superpowers
Japanese War Crimes Trials
Bio-Chemical
Experiments
General Hideki Tojo
The Holocaust
In the final months of the war in Europe, Allied forces
“discovered” the Nazi death camps in Eastern Europe.
Over 12 million victims (Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies,
POWs, etc.) were starved, tortured & slaughtered at
concentration camps such as Auschwitz & Dachau.
Gas chambers, crematoria, & other atrocities were found.
Half of the victims were Jews (6 million). The Jewish
population of Europe shrank from 9 to 3 million during the war.
Throughout the war, the Nazis sent “undesirables” to
these extermination camps as they conquered various
nations, hoping to rid Europe of these groups of people.
War Crimes Trials
After the war, Nazi leaders were put on trial for war
crimes at the Nuremberg Trials in Germany.
12 were sentenced to death & thousands were imprisoned.
Many others, however, escaped to different parts of the world.
• Elie Wiesel, a Jew, spent the rest of his life hunting down escaped Nazis.
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Crematoria at Majdanek
Entrance to Auschwitz:
Work Makes You Free
Mass Graves at BergenBelsen
The Nuremberg War Trials:
Crimes Against Humanity