Transcript Presentation Title - Greater Houston STEPS

OSHA Electrical Safe Work Practices
(ESWP) &
NFPA 70E 2009 Updates
Mark A. Hernandez, CHST
ESWP Outline
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Statistical information
Definitions
OSHA requirements
Qualified / Unqualified
NFPA 2009 updates
Safety References
Interpretations
ESWP Statistics
• Average of 4,000 non-disabling and 3,600
disabling electrical contact injuries annually in
the United States
• One person is electrocuted in the workplace
every day.
• Electrocutions were the fourth leading cause of
traumatic occupational fatalities.
• 10-15 employees are sent to the hospital every
day with electrical burns.
• Over 4 workers every day go to the burn unit
due to arc flash.
Electrical Safety Program – NIOSH
Nonfatal Electrical Incidents, Industry Sector Versus
Nature of Injury (U.S data) 1992-2002
[Source: Cawly and Homce, Trends in Electrical Injury, 1992-2002 PCIC-IEEE-2006-38]
2474
Services
5547
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 516795
Retail 1012
Wholesale
5297
Total=47,406
1068 1078
Transport
2458
2282
Manufacturing
2458
2282
6230
Construction
6276
212
192
296
Mining
Agriculture
0
108
2000
4000
6000
Electrical Burns
Electrical Shock
8000
Electrical Definitions
• Electrical Hazard: A dangerous condition such that
contact or equipment failure can result in electric shock,
arc-flash burn, thermal burn, or blast.
• Shock Hazard: A dangerous condition associated with
the possible release of energy caused by contact or
approach to live parts.
• Electrical shock: Occurs when current flows through the
body from contact with two energized conductors or from
contact with one energized conductor and earth.
• Electrocution: Death through shock.
• Flash Hazard: A dangerous condition associated with
the release of energy caused by an electric arc.
OSHA requirements
When working on or near electricity or electrical
equipment you must be trained in & use
Electrical Safety Related Work Practices
1910.331-.335
NFPA 70E
2009
Qualified workers
1910.331 - .335
All Qualified Workers shall
cover the following
information:
• (2)(a) Safety-related work
practices (SOP, LOTO)
• (3) (i) skills and
techniques necessary to
distinguish exposed live
parts
• (3)(ii) skills & techniques
necessary to determine
nominal voltage
• (3)(iii) The clearance
distances
Applies to both Qualified / Unqualified workers
Unqualified workers
Unqualified Workers
• Are normally protected by the installation requirements
by Subpart K or S (covers on no exposed live parts).
• Are responsible to conduct activities outside the limit of
approach.
• Are responsible to follow instructions from electrical
However:
• If their work exposes them to electrical hazards which
would otherwise be protected -- they must be trained to
recognize and avoid hazards encountered or likely to
encounter while working.
NFPA 70E training updates
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Article 110.6 (C) requires that employees be trained in CPR and
recertified annually
Article 110.6(D)(1)(d) requires that employees be retrained before
performing any tasks that are performed less often than once per
year
Article 100.6 (D)(3) requires that an employee must be retrained or
receive additional training under any of the following circumstances:
If the supervisor observes, or annual inspections reveal, that
the employee is not following the rules and regulations.
If new technology, new types of equipment or changes in
procedures necessitate the use of safety-related work practices that
are different from those the employee would normally use.
If the employee must use safety related work practices that are
not normally used during his or her regular job duties.
110.6(E), requires that all training must be documented and
employees must show proficiency, and that the documentation must
be maintained for the duration of the employee's employment.
NFPA 70E PPE updates
 Section 130.7(A): Use PPE that is designed and constructed for the
body to be protected.
 HRC 1: Worker must wear long pants having a rating of 4 calories or
more. (Manufacturing Ind.)
 Headgear: face shield rated for 4 cal/cm2
 Hearing protection & leather gloves for all HRC.
 Going into a 277/480 V to test – Table 130.7©(9) assigns HRC 2.
 The flash suit hood may be replaced by a balaclava (sock hood) in
combination w/ a face shield rated for 8 calories. .
OSHA PPE requirements:
• 1910.335: Safeguards for personnel protection
• .335(a)(1(i): requires employer to provide electrical PPE.
• .335(a)(1)(v): requires employees to wear PPE where electric arc or
flashes hazards are present.
• .132(d) PPE Assessment (certified)
PPE Warning
PPE will help to protect the
worker from the thermal effects
of electrical arc flash hazards;
however, it may not protect
against shrapnel and
pressure waves.
Also, the incident energy
calculation and resulting PPE
level is based upon a specific
working distance from the
potential arc fault source;
typically 18” is selected. The
incident energy within this 18”
will be higher and thus
protection may not be assured
or additional personal
protective equipment may be
necessary.
• Arc Flash.wmv
NFPA 70E
“Establishing an Electrically Safe Work Condition
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Determine all possible sources of electrical supply
Properly interrupt load current
Open disconnecting devices for each source
Visually verify all blades of disconnecting devices are
open, or draw out devices are withdrawn
Apply lockout/tag-out devices
Test for voltage
Where possibility of induced voltage, stored electrical
energy exists, or where it could be anticipated that
conductors or circuit parts being de-energized could
contact other exposed energized conductors or circuit
parts, ground phase conductors before touching them
Article 130 provisions, such as the justification for work
through the use of an energized electrical work
authorization permit.
Arch-Flash requirements
• NFPA 70E describes arc flash
analysis as a study that
investigates a worker's
potential exposure to arc flash
energy, conducted for the
purpose of injury prevention
and the determination of safe
work practices and the
appropriate levels of PPE. A
flash hazard analysis
determines two important
things: the flash protection
boundary distance and the
possible arc flash incident
energy.
Source: Arc Advisor
Min.
Rtg. of
PPE
Max
Rating of
PPE
Risk
Category
0
1.2
0
1.2001
5
1
5.001
8
2
8.001
25
3
25.001
40
4
40.001
and above
Not Available
Arch Blast / Flash Definitions
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Limited approach boundary distance: the “restricted approach boundary” and the
“prohibited approach boundary” apply to protecting against shock.
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Flash Protection Boundary Distance: “Flash protection boundary: An approach limit at a
distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second-degree
burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur.” (per NFPA 70E) Flame resistant personal
protection equipment (PPE) must be worn by anyone within the flash protection
boundary.
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The “working distance” is the space between the potential arc source(s) and the
face/chest of the worker involved in the assigned task. (min 18”)
Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV): is the performance specification of flame
resistant apparel worn by personnel who could be exposed to momentary electrical arc
and related thermal hazards. The units of measure are calories per centimeter squared
(Cal/cm2)
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Incident Energy: The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from
the source, generated during an electrical arc event.” (per NFPA 70E). This energy is
generally expressed in calories/cm2. The ‘surface’ of concern ‘impressed on’ is the
worker’s body, particularly the head and trunk. Incident energy is calculated using
variables such as available fault current, system voltage, expected arcing fault duration
and the worker’s distance from the arc. The data obtained from the calculations is used to
select the appropriate flame resistant (FR) PPE, just as voltage level is used to select a
class of rubber gloves.
Arc Flash Update / Exemption
Update:
• Article 130.3 now says that the analysis must be reviewed at least
every 5 years or whenever a major modification occurs. This means
that the label should include a date and the date must be
documented. The analysis must be reviewed when major changes
occur or, at a minimum, every 5 years.
Exemption:
• Not required if the circuit is rated 240 volts or less and is supplied by
a single transformer rated less than 125 kVA.
• A shock hazard analysis must be performed if workers could be
exposed to energized circuit parts. The shock hazard analysis
determines the voltage of the live parts, shock protection boundaries
(limited, restricted and prohibited) and proper shock protection PPE
to be used.
Arch Blast
• Temperatures may reach
35,000 F and typically lasts
less than one second.
• Estimated cost as to the cost
of major >50% burn averages
to be between 1.0 & 4 million
dollars.
• 80% of all electrical injuries are
burns resulting from an arcflash and ignition of flammable
clothing
• Fatal burns can occur at
distances over 10 ft.
 Over 2000 people admitted to
burn centers yearly with severe
arc flash burns
Source: Workplace Safety Awareness Council
2000 psf
165 db
740 mph
Article 130.3 (c) Label Update
!
WARNING
Arc Flash and Shock
Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required
Requires arc flash warning labels to include, at a minimum, the arc flash incident
energy or required level of PPE.
Limited Approach Boundary
For shock protection only
Prohibited
Restricted
Limited
The closest distance an
“unqualified” person can
approach, unless
escorted by a
“qualified” person.
Energized
panel
(<750V)
3 feet 6 inches for 480V
Limited Approach Boundary
For shock protection only
Energized
part
12 inches for 480 volts
The closest distance to
exposed live parts a
“qualified” person can
approach w/out proper PPE
and tools.
To cross this boundary, the
qualified person must wear
PPE and have proper tools.
Limited Approach Boundary
For shock protection only
Energized
part
1 inch for
480 volts
Crossed ONLY by a “qualified”
person, which when crossed by
body part or object, requires the
same protection as if direct
contact was made with the live
part.
JHA for PPE Assessment
1. Determine the Arc Flash Protection
Boundary & the appropriate PPE for use
within this boundary
or
2. Select PPE based on Hazard/Risk of
Specific Task
Arc Flash Boundary Protection
Prohibited
Energized
part
Restricted
Limited
Calculated distance
Flash
Protection
Boundary
The distance from exposed
live parts within which a
person could, at a minimum,
receive a second degree
burn if an arc flash were to
occur.
Arc flash PPE is required
within this boundary.
Note: Distance may be less
than or greater than the
shock protection
boundaries.
Electrical Safety Program Skit
SKIT # 3 is presented to
demonstrate the safe way
under the Electrical Safety
Program work on a 480 volt
MCC:
• Opening door with breaker on
• Making an observation without
touching
• Trouble shooting with breaker
on
• Trouble shooting with breaker
off
• Opening door with breaker on
Source: Bayer Facility – VPP Best Practice
Bayer Facility: VPP Best Practice skit
480 MCC
1. Opening Door
2. Circuit breaker
on
PPE Required YES
…
…
1. Observation
only
2. Circuit Breaker
on
3. Qualified
Worker stood in
front of open
bucket within arc
flash hazard zone.
1. Testing and
troubleshooting.
Repair < 120 volt
circuit.
2. Circuit breaker
on
3. Qualified
Worker stood in
front of open
bucket within arc
flash hazard
zone.
PPE Required YES
PPE Required YES
…
1. Testing and
troubleshooting.
Repair < 120 volt
circuit.
2. Circuit breakers
off
PPE Required –
NO after
establishing a safe
working condition
Always
Test
Before
you touch
Burn Injury - Probability of Survival
% Survival
100%
80%
25% Body Burn
50% Body Burn
75% Body Burn
60%
40%
20%
0%
20-29.9 30-39.9 40-49.9 50-59.9
Age Range - Years
Source: American Burn Association (1991-1993 Study)
References
OSHA:
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1910.132(d) – PPE Assessment
.137 Electrical Protective Equipment
.147: LOTO
.269: Power Generation & Distribution
.331-.335 - ESWP
.334 Use of equipment - Portable Fixed - Test
• .335 PPE & warning
References cont.
NFPA 70E:
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Sections 130.7(C)(9) and (C)(10):
HRC Matrix Table
Article 130 provisions: Electrical Work
Permit
NFPA 70E Section 1303(B): Requires
an arc-flash hazard analysis
NFPA 70E Sections 130.7(C)(9)&(C):
Hazard/Risk Category Classifications
and Protective Clothing and Personal
Protective equipment (PPE) Matrix
tables
IEEE:
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IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing ArcFlash Hazard Calculations
NESC / ANSI:
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NESC / ANSI C2-2007 Section
410.A.3: Requires employers to
perform an Arc Flash Assessment by
1-1-09
ESWP Interpretations
OSHA interpretations:
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owasrch.search_form?p_doc_type=INTERPRETATIONS&p_to
c_level=0&p_keyvalue=
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11-14-06:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
25557
A few arc Flash ESWP interpretation Links:
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
25559
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
25438
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
21350
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
25557
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
21066
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
24383
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=
24009
“Safety has priority over service continuity,
equipment damage or economics.”
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
“Buff Book”
Where is OSHA Located?
Houston North Area
Office:
507 N. Sam Houston
Pkwy E. Ste. 400
Houston, TX 77060
281-591-2438
Houston South Area
Office:
17625 El Camino
Real #400
Houston, TX 77058
281-286-0583 *241
Disclaimer
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This information has been developed by an OSHA Compliance Assistance
Specialist and is intended to assist employers, workers, and others as they
strive to improve workplace health and safety. While we attempt to
thoroughly address specific topics [or hazards], it is not possible to include
discussion of everything necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working
environment in a presentation of this nature. Thus, this information must be
understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an
exhaustive statement of an employer’s legal obligations, which are defined
by statute, regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent that this
information references practices or procedures that may enhance health or
safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it
cannot, and does not, create additional legal obligations. Finally, over time,
OSHA may modify rules and interpretations in light of new technology,
information, or circumstances; to keep apprised of such developments, or to
review information on a wide range of occupational safety and health topics,
you can visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.