Transcript Worksite Hazard Analysis - Georgia Tech Occupational

Worksite Hazard Analysis
Presented By: Thomas Dean
Georgia Tech
Objectives
 Discuss the sub elements of worksite hazard
analysis
 Identify typical hazards in the workplace
 Review various techniques that can be used
to identify hazards in the workplace
Hazards Vs. Unsafe Behavior
 Unsafe behavior sometimes leads to unsafe
conditions that can cause accidents.

Consider Maintenance Operations
 Unsafe behaviors may show weakness in the
safety management system.
Effective Worksite Analysis
 Worksite analysis involves a variety of worksite
examinations, to identify not only existing
hazards, but also conditions and operations
where changes might occur to create hazards
 Effective management actively analyzes the work
and the worksite to anticipate and prevent
harmful occurrences
Plan for Worksite Analysis
 Comprehensive Facility
Surveys
 Change Analysis
 Routine Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)
 Periodic and Daily
Inspections
Comprehensive Survey
 Comprehensive surveys should be performed
depending on the business size and
hazardousness every 1-3 years
 Resources for comprehensive survey: private
consultants, insurance company, and state
funded programs
Change Analysis
 Change analysis is simply the management of
change in the work environment.
 Changes in the following items need to be reviewed:
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Facilities
Materials
Process Technology
Equipment
Change Analysis
 A competent team consisting of managers,
engineers, superintendents and employees
should be involved
 How can you best manage change in the
work environment?
Job Hazard Analysis
 A job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on
job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they
occur.
 It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the
task, the tools, and the work environment.
 After uncontrolled hazards are identified, take action
to eliminate them or reduce risk.
Job Hazard Analysis
 Performing a job hazard analysis is one of the
best methods to develop safe work
procedures for the equipment that is
operated.
 The JHA can also be used to train employees
in the hazards associated with task and what
control measures should be practiced.
JHA Team
 A Job Hazard Analysis requires the
cooperation of all parties involved that
includes:
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Safety Professional
Engineers-Technical Advisor
Supervisors-Frontline Personnel responsible
for making change
Employee-Person most familiar with job
Communication of the JHA
 Safety Meetings
 Distribution of Copies
 SOP and Operations Manual
 What are some other methods?
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___________________
___________________
What are the Possible Uses of a
JHA
 1._________________________
 2._________________________
 3._________________________
Prioritization of JHA
 Jobs with the highest
 Jobs complex enough to
injury and illness rates
 Jobs that have the
potential to cause
serious injury
 Jobs in which one
simple human error
could cause injury
have written instructions
 Jobs that are new to you
facility
 Jobs that significantly had
changes in process
technology or procedures
Steps for JHA
 Involve Employees
 List, rank, and set
 Review accident history
priorities for hazardous
jobs
 Outline the steps or
tasks
 Conduct preliminary job
review
Involvement of Employees
 They have a unique understanding of the job,
and this knowledge is invaluable for finding
hazards.
 Involving employees will help minimize
oversights, ensure a quality analysis.
 Get workers to “buy in” to the solutions
because they will share ownership
Job Review
 Discuss with employees the hazards that they know
exist.
 Brainstorm with them for ideas to eliminate or control
those hazards.
 If any hazards exist that pose an immediate danger,
to an employee’s life or health, take immediate action
to protect the worker.
 Any problems that can be corrected easily should be
corrected as soon as possible.
Outline the Steps
 Watch the employee perform the job and list each
step as the worker takes it.
 Be sure to record enough information to describe
each job action without getting overly detailed.
 Avoid making the breakdown of steps so detailed
that it becomes unnecessarily long or so broad that it
does not include basic steps.
Outline the Steps
 Review the job steps with the employee to
make sure you have not omitted something.
 Include the employee in all phases of the
analysis—from reviewing the job steps and
procedures to discussing uncontrolled
hazards and recommended solutions.
Identifying the Hazards
 A job hazard analysis is an exercise in
detective work. Your goal is to discover the
following:
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What can go wrong?
What are the consequences?
How could it arise?
What are other contributing factors?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?
Common Hazards in the
Workplace
Stressor
Hazard
Type
Hazard Type Hazard Type
Chemical
Corrosive
Fire
Explosion
Electrical
Shock
Short Circuit Fire-Static
Mechanical
Moving
Parts
Failure
Ergonomic
Strain
Human Error Fatigue
Toxic
Noise
Pressure
Common Hazards in the
Workplace
Stressor
Hazard
Type
Hazard Type Hazard
Type
Non
Ionizing
Struck
Caught In
Against
Radiation
Ionizing
Contact
Struck By
Environment
Temp.
Visibility
Weather
Misc.
Slips
Trips
Falls
Hazard Identification Workshop
 Based on the following slides of machinery,
identify the potential hazards.
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Hint: Use the previous tables and analyze the
machinery and work environment
 Prepare to discuss your findings.
Hazard Identification
Hazard Identification
Hazard Identification
Hazard Identification
Controlling the Hazards
 The order of precedence and effectiveness of
hazard control is the following:
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1. Engineering controls.
2. Administrative controls.
3. Personal protective equipment.
Controlling the Hazards
 The most effective controls are engineering controls
that physically change a machine or work
environment to prevent employee exposure to the
hazard.
 The more reliable or less likely a hazard control can
be circumvented, the better.
 If this is not feasible, administrative controls may be
appropriate.
 This may involve changing how employees do their
jobs.
Controlling the Hazards
 Discuss your recommendations with all
employees who perform the job and consider
their responses carefully.
 If you plan to introduce new or modified job
procedures, be sure they understand what
they are required to do and the reasons for
the changes.
Engineering Controls
 Engineering controls include the following:
 Elimination/minimization of the hazard
 Substitution of equipment or process to decrease
hazard
 Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine guards,
blast shields, or other means; and
 Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with local
and exhaust ventilation.
Administrative Controls
 Administrative controls include the following:
 Written operating procedures, work permits, and safe
work practices;
 Exposure time limitations (used most commonly to
control heat stress and ergonomic hazards);
 Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials;
 Alarms, signs, and warnings;
 Buddy system; and training
PPE
 Personal Protective Equipment is acceptable as a
control method in the following circumstances:
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When engineering controls are not feasible or do not
totally eliminate the hazard;
While engineering controls are being developed;
When safe work practices do not provide sufficient
additional protection; and
During emergencies when engineering controls may
not be feasible.
JHA Exercise
 We are going to
perform an exercise on
grinding metal casting.
 Based on the steps,
please identify the
hazards and controls.