Transcript Document

THE RATIONALISATION OF SPORT
History Example
During the 19th Century Oxford
and Cambridge Universities acted
as “melting pots” in terms of the
historical development of sport.
Using examples, explain the role
these universities played in the
development of sport
(6 marks)
THE MOVE TOWARDS RATIONALISED
SPORTS
•The development of RATIONALISED
SPORTS with formalised rules and codes of
behaviour, began in public schools.
•The controlling middle classes saw to it that
the standards of play were their own
standards.The new sports governing bodies
were set up to ensure that this remained the
case.
• The sanctioning and control of sport had
passed from the parson and the squire into the
new reforming hands of the middle classes.
SPORT AND OXBRIDGE
•The next stage in the development of
RATIONALISED sport occurred with the
passage of public schoolboys from school to
university. They were transmitted by “old
boys”, returning to their former communities,
and by the schoolmaster and the cleric moving
to provincial towns and parishes.
•Early match fixtures between public schools
ran up against problems because of the highly
localised rules developed within each school.
•Some standardisation had occurred although
much of this was in the form of individualised
arbitration prior to each match. Games were
played by agreement. One set of rules would be
played in the first half followed by a change of
rules in the second half.
•For a truly National range of sports to
flourish, some standardisation of both rules
and playing area was necessary.
•Many of these early National rules came out of
the Oxbridge Melting Pot. It was so called
because the major universities of OXFORD and
CAMBRIDGE took boys from all the major
public schools each bringing their own set of
rules.
Each School developed its
own version of football
•The Football Association (1863) and the Rugby
Football Union (1871) and their respective rules
emerged largely from discussions and
developments at these two universities.
•For the rest of the C19th and much of the
first part of the C20th OXBRIDGE Athletes
figured largely in the formation of rules,
national associations and international and
domestic Amateur sports teams.
•Most of today’s governing bodies of sport were
formed during the last half of the C19th with
former public schoolboys from Oxford and
Cambridge being involved in nearly all of them.
•The University boat race together with
corresponding fixtures in Athletics, Cricket,
Football and Rugby formed major features of
the British sporting calendar.
•By the time that participation in sport was
again a realistic possibility for ordinary people,
those sports were now associated with moral
values and good breeding and had been stripped
of all their former “MOB” characteristics.
Look at this next video clip and see if you can
answer the following question.
History Example
• During the 19th Century Oxford and Cambridge
Universities acted as “melting pots” in terms of
the historical development of sport.
• Using examples, explain the role these universities
played in the development of sport
(6 marks)
History - Answer
 Students had come from different schools
 Had interest/enthusiasm for sport but difficult
to play each other
 Need for compromise rules
 Different school members write up
/rationalisation/codification of rules
 Example - Cambridge rules of football
 Graduates took games into society football/rugby/ athletics Varsity games led to
increase in interest/standards
 example - Boat race/rugby/ athletic
meets/cricket