Transcript chemistry - Schoolwires

chemistry
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9.4
Naming and Writing Formulas for Acids
and Bases
Some ants can give painful
stings when threatened or
disturbed. Certain ant species
called formicines have poison
glands that produce venom
containing formic acid. You
will learn the names and
formulas of some important
acids such as formic acid.
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9.4
Naming and Writing Formulas for
Acids and Bases
> Naming Acids
Naming Acids
What are the three rules for naming
acids?
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Naming Acids
An acid is a compound that contains one or
more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen
ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Acids have
various uses.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Naming Acids
Three rules can help you name an acid with the
general formula HnX.
When the name of the anion (X) ends in
-ide, the acid name begins with the
prefix hydro-. The stem of the anion
has the suffix -ic and is followed by the
word acid.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Naming Acids
When the anion name ends in -ite, the
acid name is the stem of the anion with
the suffix -ous, followed by the word
acid.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Naming Acids
When the anion name ends in -ate, the
acid name is the stem of the anion with
the suffix -ic followed by the word acid.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Naming Acids
A Summary of the Three Rules for Naming
Acids.
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9.4
Naming and Writing Formulas for
Acids and Bases
> Writing Formulas for Acids
Writing Formulas for Acids
How are the formulas of acids
determined?
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Writing Formulas for Acids
Use the rules for writing the names of
acids in reverse to write the formulas for
acids.
What is the formula for hydrobromic acid?
Following Rule 1, hydrobromic acid (hydroprefix and -ic suffix) must be a combination
of hydrogen ion (H+) and bromide ion (Br–).
The formula of hydrobromic acid is HBr.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Writing Formulas for Acids
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9.4
Naming and Writing Formulas for
Acids and Bases
> Names and Formulas for
Bases
Names and Formulas for Bases
How are bases named?
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Names and Formulas for Bases
Bases are named in the same way as
other ionic compounds—the name of the
cation is followed by the name of the
anion.
For example, aluminum hydroxide consists
of the aluminum cation (Al3+) and the
hydroxide anion (OH–). The formula for
aluminum hydroxide is Al(OH)3.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Names and Formulas for Bases
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a base that is used
to make paper.
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9.4
Naming and Writing
Formulas for Acids
and Bases
>
Names and Formulas for Bases
Cleaners and soap contain sodium hydroxide.
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Section Assessment
Test yourself on the concepts in Section 9.4.
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
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9.4 Section Quiz
1. The name for H2S(aq) is
a) sulfuric acid.
b) hydrosulfuric acid.
c) sulfurous acid.
d) hydrosulfurous acid.
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9.4 Section Quiz
2. The chemical formula for chlorous acid is
a) HClO2.
b) HClO3.
c) HClO4.
d) HCl.
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9.4 Section Quiz
3. The correct chemical name for NH4OH is
a) nitrogen tetrahydrogen hydroxide.
b) nitrogen pentahydrogen oxide.
c) ammonium oxyhydride.
d) ammonium hydroxide.
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END OF SHOW