ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz Reiner E. Ludwig B. R. Badrinath UC Berkeley

Stanford March 11, 1999 http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu

Bridge to the Future Cellular “Core” Network

ICEBERG:

I

nternet-based core for

CE

llular networks

BE

yond the thi

R

d

G

eneration

• June 1998 - June 2001, joint with Ericsson • High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks – Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics – Real-time services across diverse access networks – 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000 – Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth – Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

Transparent Information Access

Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All compositions of the above!

Universal Inbox Policy-based Location-based Activity-based Empower users!

Smart Spaces

• Walk into a A/V room and control

everything with your own wireless PDA

– Services for each device – Automated discovery and use – Automated UI generation – Composite behaviors • Phones as well as PDAs – Speech-enabled control

Potentially Any Network Service (PANS)

Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks 2-way Paging GSM/CDMA IAP PSTN IAP IAP E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service

High BW IP core Diverse access links

IP IAP WIP IAP Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways) • Impedance matching • Provide policy engine • Handles routing, security

Important Trends

• Multimedia / Voice over IP networks – Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network – Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows

(RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling)

• Intelligence shifts to the network edges – User-implemented functionality • Programmable intelligence inside the network – Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure – TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” – Rapid new service development, Speech-based services – New challenges for network security and management • Cellular networks for the 21st century – High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

ICEBERG Project Goals

• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment – Packet voice for computer-telephony integration – Speech- and location-enabled applications – Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the

four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones)

– Encapsulating legacy servers and supporting new, “thin” clients • Demonstrate new system architecture to support

innovative applications

– Personal Information Management » Universal Messaging: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail » Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager – Home networking and control of “smart” spaces » Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall,

transfer to home environment

ICEBERG Project Goals

• Understand the implications for cellular network

design based on IP technology

– Cellular / IP interworking functionality – Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area – “Soft” QoS for wide-area, delay-sensitive flows • Understand how to securely – Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text – Deploy and manage computational resources in the network – Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection,

inside the network

Outline

• Example Services • Trends and Goals • Experimental Testbed • Project Approach • Research Areas – Cellular / IP integration – Wireless link management – Multi-modal services • Summary

Experimental Testbed

Velo IBM WorkPad Nino MC-16 CF788 Motorola Pagewriter 2000

306 Soda 405 Soda 326 Soda “Colab”

TCI @Home GSM BTS WLAN / Bluetooth Pager SimMillennium Network Infrastructure H.323

GW Smart Spaces Personal Information Management Millennium Cluster Millennium Cluster

Project Approach

• Make it real: build a large-scale testbed – Time travel: bring the future to the present – Collect “real” information about systems – Users develop new/interesting applications • Understanding three key research areas – Cellular / IP integration: Mobility Management, Universal Inbox – Wireless link management » Packet Scheduling in GPRS/W-CDMA, Reliable Link Protocols – Multi-modal services: Speech control / Information dissemination • ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA – Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure – Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text – Service/server discovery, security, authentication, and billing

Internet-Scale Systems Research Group

5 faculty, ~35 students Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces” Distributed Videoconferencing Room-scale Collaboration Speech and Location Aware Applications ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services MASH Media Processing Services Active Services Architecture TranSend Extensible Proxy Services Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW

Outline

• Example Services • Trends and Goals • Experimental Testbed • Project Approach • Research Areas – New service requirements: Multi-modal user interfaces – Generalized Information Redirection – Cellular / IP integration – Wireless link management • Summary

New Service Requirements

• Encapsulation of complex data transformations – Speech-to-text, text-to-speech • Dynamic service composition – Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail • Location-aware information services – E.g., traffic reports • Multicast-enabled information services – Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number

of subscribed layers increases

– Reliable information delivery over low bandwidth links

Multi-Modal User Interfaces

• Speech is the ubiquitous access method – Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular) • Rapid support for new devices (new device in 2 hrs!)

IP-Pad (BTS)

Gateway

Cell Phone

RTP

Entity

Barbara

RMI

Simja Server

RMI

Service Entity

Room Control

UDP

Room (MASH)

Entity

Emre

Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application

• Dynamic data transcoding – Source and target data format independence / isolation Audio Microphone Cell phone

Automatic Path Creation

ICSI Speech Recognizer Text NLP Cmd Room Entity

Control/Metadata

A/V Devices

Response to Client

Generalized Redirection Agents

• Users (will) have many communication devices • Dynamic policy-based redirection – User- or service-specified policies – Universal Inbox: 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. – Use APC to perform dynamic data transcoding • Service mobility as a first class object

Service Mobility as a First-Class Object

Universal Names: Globally unique IDs

“Anthony@Berkeley”

An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people, services or processes

OfficePSTN: 510-643-7212 FaxPSTN: 510-643-7352 DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: 510-555-7212 E-mail: [email protected]

Home: 510-555-1212

Profile: set of domain-specific names

Iceberg Inter-Domain Naming Protocol

IAP Call(Randy@Berkeley, Caller’s network, Interactive, CallerID certificate) IDNP Server Replicated Information: • Real-time • Lazy • Epidemic System State minutes/hours Profile weeks/months Policy days/weeks IDNP Server

E-Mail store

Universal Inbox Service

IAP 5 IAP 1

IP Core Network

Univ-Inbox Service

PSTN

IDNP Server

1

IAP 2

IDNP Server

n

GSM

IAP 4 IAP 3

Voice Mail store Laptop (VAT)

Cell-Phone to Cell-Phone

4. Create Data-Path Data Path (Null) 1. Dial Number 2. Intercept Call Univ-Inbox Service IDNP Server 3. Access Directory Service 5. Complete Call-Setup

Cell-Phone to E-Mail

4. Create Data-Path

GSM

Data Path

PCM

6. Another Path

PCM

1. Dial Number 2. Intercept Call Univ-Inbox Service IDNP Server 3. Access Directory Service Voice-mail Service 5. Complete Call-Setup

Text

--- --- --- 7. Send e-mail

Cellular / IP Integration

• Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network – Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management – Call admission and handoff • Mobility management interworking – Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent – GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register – Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks – Scalability, security of Mobile IP?

GSM BTS-IP Integration

Interactive Voice Response

Uses OM & TRAFFIC to simulate BSC, MSC, and HLR functionality

Infocaster VAT PC NetMeeting 2 TRX RBS 2202 Control Signaling Signaling E1

UPSim

GPC board Ethernet Traffic E1: Voice @ 13kb/s Data @ 12kb/s

IP-PAD

Thor-2

Internet GSM Phone

Performs rate adaptation function of ZAK/TRAU

H.323 GW PSTN

Wireless Link Management

• Modeling GSM data links – Validated ns modeling suite, now using BONES simulator – GSM channel error models from Ericsson • QoS and link scheduling for next generation links – High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet

Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA)

– RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling • Reliable Link Protocols – Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%) – Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion – Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

RLP-TCP Collection & Analysis Tools

• RLP and TCP interaction measurement / analysis – Both are reliable protocols (link and transport layers) – Trace analysis tool to determine current interaction effects – Tools for design of next generation networks (e.g., frame length)

TCP: End-to-End Reliability RLP: Wireless Reliability TCP / RLP stats

BTS

GSM Network GSM-IP Gateway RLP stats Post-processing tool (300 bytes/s) TCP stats

TCP and RLP Data Plot

Sent 30,720 bytes from mobile host to stationary host

45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 5 10 15 20

Seconds

25 30 35 40 TCP Bytes TCP Acks RLP Bytes RLP Ack

Dynamic interface - Zoom, scale - Add/delete items

Summary

• Iceberg testbed will be mostly completed by summer – Testbed will enable development of new protocols • Lots of on-going design work – Automatic path creation – Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks – IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE) – Service location and discovery » Query model and security

ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz Reiner E. Ludwig B. R. Badrinath UC Berkeley

Stanford March 11, 1999 http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu

Bridge to the Future Cellular “Core” Network