Transcript APS 11e

The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Creating, reinforcing, changing
people’s beliefs or actions
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
•
Ethical goals
•
Ethical
methods
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Mental give & take between
speaker & listener
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Portion of audience speaker
most wants to persuade
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
•
Questions of fact
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Questions of value
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Questions of policy
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Deals with
truth or falsity
of assertion
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific
Purpose:
To persuade my audience that an
earthquake of 9.0 or above on
the Richter scale will hit
California in the next ten years.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
I.
California is long overdue for a major
earthquake.
II. Many geological signs indicate that a
major earthquake may happen soon.
III. Experts agree that an earthquake of 9.0
or above could strike California any day.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Deals with
worth, rightness
of idea or action
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific To persuade my audience that
Purpose: capital punishment is morally
and legally wrong.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
I. Capital punishment violates the
biblical commandment “Thou shalt
not kill.”
II. Capital punishment violates the
constitutional ban on “cruel and
unusual punishment.”
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Whether course of action should
or should not be taken
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
•
Convinces audience policy is
desirable
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Avoids encouraging action to
support policy
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
“To persuade my audience that a
balanced-budget amendment
should be added to the U.S.
Constitution.”
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Convinces audience to act in
support of policy
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
“To persuade my audience to
vote in the next student
election.”
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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Need
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Plan
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Practicality
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Is there a problem that requires
change from current policy?
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
What is speaker’s plan to solve
the problem with current policy?
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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Will plan solve problem?
•
Will plan create new
problems?
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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Problem-solution
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Problem-cause-solution
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Comparative advantages
•
Monroe’s motivated
sequence
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Main Point I: Documents existence of
problem
Main Point II: Presents solution to
problem
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific To persuade my audience that
Purpose: the U.S. Congress should pass
legislation curbing the spread
of phony pharmaceuticals.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
I. The spread of phony pharmaceuticals
is a serious problem.
II. Solving the problem of phony
pharmaceuticals requires action by
the federal government.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Main Point I:
Documents problem
Main Point II:
Analyzes causes
Main Point III: Presents solution
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific To persuade my audience that
Purpose: action is required to deal with
the problem of childhood
obesity.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
I.
Childhood obesity is a major problem
in the United States.
II. There are two major causes of the
increase in childhood obesity.
III. Solving the problem requires dealing
with both causes.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Each main point explains why
one solution is preferable to
other
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Specific To persuade my audience that
Purpose: automakers should put greater
emphasis on developing
hydrogen fuel-cell cars than
gas-electric cars.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
I. Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars run
entirely without gasoline.
II. Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars do
not emit any air- polluting exhaust.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Five-step sequence for speeches
that seek immediate action
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Attention:
Gain attention
Need:
Show need for change
Satisfaction:
Provide solution
Visualization: Enhance solution by
visualizing benefits
Action:
Urge action for solution
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
(click above to play)
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
(click above to play)
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.