Transcript Brazil and Argentina Export Analysis

Maximum Residue Limit
(MRL) Analysis in Exports
International Oilseed Producer
Dialogue IX
June 16-17, 2006
U.S. Soybean Industry International
Market Concerns
• New potential trade barriers from China,
Japan, European Union, Korea
– Maximum residue levels (MRL’s)
• Pesticides
• Fungicides
• Not targeted only at soybeans
(forewarning to other commodities)
Purpose, Implementation, and Goals
• Provide an early warning to the Soybean Industries
• This study was targeted at the determination of
US/Brazilian/Argentinean maximum residue levels
(MRLs) for soybeans
• Lab analysis of residues was restricted to products
used for soybean rust control in the United
States/South America
• Study serve as a cornerstone to defend
commercially sound and technologically justified
established levels.
Research Deliverables
– In three countries collect soybean samples at
the export elevators for the MRL test.
– Catalog Asian Rust fungicides used in
countries pre/post harvest to establish a
baseline of possible products to test for.
– Determine Asian Rust fungicide residue
presence and define the chemical present.
– Identify Countries’ maximum residue limits for
the identified chemical and compare that with
results of tests.
Legislation
• Legislation varied between the 3 countries. U.S. was
most restrictive of the three countries, with Argentina and
Brazilian legislation improving but with exposure to new
European legislation concerning agri-chemical MRLs.
(Countries such as China, Japan, and Korea are
developing and evaluating their current levels.)
– Not all products specifically registered for usage on soybeans in
Brazil have a corresponding MRL analysis. The U.S. due to the
quick approvals for SBR fungicides is also working for full
approvals, as well as in Argentina.
– In Brazil, it commonly occurs that pesticide products being sold
for use in soybean production have not been analyzed to verify
that they meet maximum residue levels, as established by
Anvisa. Only 125 brands in a total of 398 registered products
have MRL analysis.
Potential Problems
• In Brazil, as not all products have undergone toxicological
evaluation, Brazilian soybean exports could be banned
overseas should high residue levels be detected
• Development and introduction of new SBR fungicides has at
times been ahead of MRL developments in each of the
countries.
• Regulations have been defined for maximum levels of
pesticide residues on the surface and in the body of grains in
the EU, but discussions over MRL levels is continuous.
• In special cases, such as use of liquid or gaseous fumigants,
Member States of the EU may be authorized to allow levels
above those defined by Law, for grains not intended for
immediate consumption. Diligence is required to ensure that
exports are not halted due to continually changing regulations.
Ports Selected
for Sample Collection and Lab Analyses
• Brazilian Ports
–
–
–
–
Santos
Paranaguá
São Francisco do Sul
Itacoatiara
• U.S. Ports
– New Orleans
– Chesapeake, Virginia
• Argentina Ports
–
–
–
–
–
Bahia Blanca
Necochea
Rosario
San Lorenzo
Buenos Aires
Brazil vs. EU Results
• Among products with MRL levels established both
in Brazil and the EU, actual residues were:
– In the EU, 160 products used in soybean farming have
MRL analysis. Upon cross-checking the products with
MRL analysis both in Brazil and in the EU, only 30 items
coincide.
– Equal to the levels established by the EU in eight items
– Above the levels established by the EU in seven items
– Below the levels established by the EU in 15 items
Brazil vs. European Union
Number of products
Source: MAPA/ANVISA/EU Council
MRL = EU
8
MRL < EU
7
MRL > EU
15
Total
30
Brazil vs. EU Results
• If we consider products intended for soybean rust
control alone, it is possible to find 26 items
commercially registered in Brazil for this specific
purpose (Table 4). Among them 16 have MRL
analysis in Brazil, but only seven coincide with EU
products sold for the same purpose.
• Among the seven coinciding items, in Brazil, four
have MRL numbers above those in the EU, two
items have the same levels, and only one product
in Brazil has a lower MRL number.
Brazil vs. European Union
Number of products
MRL = EU
2
MRL < EU
1
MRL > EU
4
Total
7
Source: MAPA/ANVISA/EU Council
Description of Products Used in Soybean
Rust Control in Brazil for which MRL
Analysis is Available
CHEMICAL GROUP
Triazole
Benzimidazole
Benzimidazole
Triazole
Triazole
Benzimidazole
Triazole
Triazole
Triazole
Inorganic
Triazole
Triazole
Strobyrulin
Pyrimidine carbinol
Triazole
Triazole ¹
CLASS
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
Fungicide
PRODUCT DESCR.
Cyproconazole
Carbendazin
thiophanate-methyl
Bromoconazole
tebuconazole
Carbendazin
tetraconazole
flutriafol
propiconazole
sulphur
epoxiconazole
fluquinconazole
Azoxystrobin
fenarimol
difenoconazole
myclobutanil
MRL_Brazil
0,050
0,500
0,500
0,050
0,100
0,500
0,100
0,100
0,050
1,000
0,050
0,050
0,500
0,050
0,050
0,020
MRL_EU25
No
0,200
0,200
No
No
0,200
No
No
0,050
No
No
No
0,500
0,020
No
0,050
Source: MAPA/ANVISA/EU Council
List of All Products Used for Soybean Rust
Control in Brazil
Trade Name
Priori
Priori Xtra
Alto 100
Sphere
Artea
Score
Opus
Opera
Rubigan 120 EC
Palisade
Impact
Impact 125 SC
Mercury
Potenzor
Systhane EC
Juno
Stratego 250 EC
Rival 200 EC
Constant
Elite
Folicur 200 CE
Triade
Orius 250 EC
Nativo
Eminente 125 EW
Domark 100 EC
Company
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda
Basf S.A.
Basf S.A.
Cross Link Consultoria e Comercio Ltda
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Cheminova Brasil Ltda
Cheminova Brasil Ltda
Cheminova Brasil Ltda
Cheminova Brasil Ltda
Dow Agrosciences Industrial Ltda - Sao Paulo
Milenia Agro Ciências S.A.
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Agripec Quimica e Farmaceutica S.A
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Milenia Agro Ciências S.A.
Bayer Cropscience Ltda
Hokko do Brasil Ind. Quim. E Agrop. Ltda
Sipcam Agro S.A - Uberaba
Active Ingredient
Ativo
azoxistrobine (strobilurine)
azoxistrobine (strobilurine) + ciproconazole
(triazole)
ciproconazole
(triazole)
ciproconazole (triazole) + trifloxistrobine
(estrobilurine)
ciproconazole (triazole)+propico
(triazole)
difenoconazole
(triazole)
epoxiconazole
(triazole)
epoxiconazole (triazole) + piraclostrobine
(estrobilurine)
fenarimol (pirimidinil carbinol)
fluquinconazole
(triazole)
flutriafol
(triazole)
flutriafol
(triazole)
flutriafol
(triazole)
flutriafol
(triazole)
miclobutanil
(triazole)
propiconazole
(triazole)
propiconazole (triazole) + trifloxistrobine
(estrobilurine)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole
(triazole)
tebuconazole (triazole) + trifloxistrobine
(estrobilurine)
tetraconazole
(triazole)
tetraconazole
(triazole)
g of a.i. ¹
50
60+24
100
56,2+24
24+75
50
50
66,5+25
30-36
62,5
125
125
125
125
100-125
125
50+50
60-100
100
60-100
100
60-100
100
100+200
50
50
Dose/ha
l or kg of prod.²
0,2
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,3
0,2
0,4
0,5
0,25-0,30
0,25
0,4-0,6
0,4-0,6
0,4-0,6
0,4-0,6
0,4-0,5
0,5
0,4
0,3-0,5
0,5
0,30-0,50
0,5
0,3-0,5
0,4
0,5-0,6
0,4
0,5
Year registered
1998
2003
1991
2003
2000
1994
1997
2001
1982-2003³
1998
1993
2005
2005
2005
1994
1994
2002
2003
1999
1999
1995
2000
1999
2005
2004
1999
Measured Unit
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
gram/liter
Source: MAPA/ANVISA/EU Council
U.S. Results
Fungicide Name
# of Samples
Analysed
# of Samples with
Detections
Minimum Concentration
Detected (ppb)
Maximum Concentration
Detected (ppb)
LOD (ppb)
Azoxystrobin
306
0
1
Boscalid
306
0
7
Cyproconazole
306
0
5
Difenoconazole
306
0
3
Epoxiconazole
306
0
4
Fenarimol
306
0
31
Fluquinconazole
306
0
14
Flutriafol
306
0
4
Myclobutanil
306
0
4
Propiconazole
306
0
3
Pymetrozine
306
0
3
Pyraclostrobin
306
6
Tebuconazole
306
0
4
Tetraconazole
306
0
6
Thiamethoxam
306
0
1
Trifloxystrobin
306
0
1
1
2
1
USDA, AMS, S&T, MPO - Pesticide Data Program (PDP)
Argentina
• Clear and established regulations are not fully
offered.
• 55 active pesticide substances are registered
most of which do not qualify for “OUT” status
because no interest has been shown in
defending them.
• 72% of the 55 already-identified OUT active
ingredients do not fall into this category after a
risk analysis
• OUT status, according to EU regulations means
– There is no authorized use for the product
– There is not enough data on the product to establish
the MRL
– It has been shown that it is not safe for consumers
Rust Control Fungicides used in Argentina
Comercial
Name
Active ingredient
Rate/ Hectare
Cubic
Inch/Hect
are
Cubic
Inch/ACR
E
Toxicity Grade
SYSTHANE E
myclobutanil
400-500 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
II
TASPA
propiconazole + difenoconazole
0.15 lts./ha
9,15
3,7
III
AMISTAR
azoxistrobina
0.2 lts./ha + 0,75 lt. de
nimbus
12,2
4,9
IV
AMISTAR
XTRA
azoxistrobina + cyproconazole
300 cc/ha + 0,75 lt. de
nimbus
18,3
7,4
II
OPERA
pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole
0,5 Lts./ha
30,51
12,3
II
COMET
pyraclostrobin
0,3 Lts./ha
18,3
7,4
II
SPHERE
trifloxistrobin + cyproconazole
300 cc/ha
18,3
7,4
IV
FUSION
flusilazole + carbendazim
0,7-0,8 Lts/Ha
42,72
17,3
II
ALTO 10 SL
cyproconazole
300 cc/Ha
18,3
7,4
III
ARTEA
cyproconazole + propiconazole
300 cc/Ha
18,3
7,4
III
ORIUS
tebuconazole
400 cc/Ha
24,41
9,9
IV
TILT
propiconazole
500-750 cc/Ha
30,51
12,3
III
DOMARK 10
tetraconazole
500-600 cc/ha
30,51
12,3
II
STRATEGO
propiconazole + trifloxistrobin
400 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
III
FOLICUR
tebuconazole
400 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
II
POSEIDON
propiconazole + trifloxistrobin
400 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
III
EMPERADOR
tebuconazole
400 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
II
IMPACT 12,5
flutriafol
400-600 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
IV
XENOR
triadimefon
350-500 cc/ha
21,36
8,6
III
INDAR F
fenbuconazole
400-500 cc/ha
24,41
9,9
IV
QUILT
azoxystrobina+propiconazole
1000 cc/ha + 750 cc/ha
nimbus
61,03
24,7
II
Argentina Government Report on EU MRL levels
• A report indicates Argentina’s concerns over the
EU’s MRLs on numerous agricultural products.
– “*Based on the information received from several
residue analysis laboratories, some unauthorized
active residues for horticultural, fruit-growing products
and other grains have been found, and also a few
cases of residues exceeding the authorized limit, in
active substances allowed for these crops.”
– Although no levels are clearly identified, discussions
between Argentina and the EU markets continues on
what the appropriate MRLs should be on those
agricultural crops.
Conclusions
• The monitoring and adherence of the international
accepted MRLs is critical to continued soybean
(commodity) trade.
• Based on current U.S. reports of MRLs for several Rust
Fungicides, the U.S. appears to be within limits.
• Brazil, Argentina and U.S. analysis revealed that increased
diligence is needed for adherence or implementation of
programs to meet international standards.
• As additional Fungicides are approved, the establishment
of MRLs is necessary in the country of development and
agreed to in the international markets. Transparency and
diligence in ensuring international recognition for these new
products is essential.
• Third party verification systems may assist in ensuring
soybean (commodity) product exports.
• The threat of trade disruption will increase if current
monitoring measures are not increased for all commodities.