Transcript A longitudinal study of bulk milk seropositivity to

FLUKICIDES IN IRISH
DAIRY HERDS
Background
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF BULK
MILK SEROPOSITIVITY TO
FASCIOLA HEPATICA IN A SUBSET
OF IRISH DAIRY HERDS
Determination of the prevalence of Ostertagia
ostertagi, Fasciola hepatica and Dictyocaulus
viviparus in Irish dairy herds using bulk milk
analysis and examination of the impact of these
parasites on the productivity of those herds.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
22 commercial farms
(red dots)
 7 Teagasc farms (blue
dots)
 All farms are
classified as ‘wet’ or
‘dry’ soil types

MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS (contd.)
140
120
S/P ratio
100
High
80
60
Moderate
40
Low
20
None
0
Month
Monthly average S/P ratios across all study herds
Dosing required earlier
than dry period
RESULTS
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
S/P ratio
Monthly S/P ratios across
‘Wet’ study farms
S/P ratio
Monthly S/P ratios across
‘Dry’ study farms
Month
Month
TRIAL CONCLUSIONS
Liver fluke an issue on a high % of Irish dairy
farms
 Over 80% of farms were positive for fluke by
Nov ‘09
 Usefullness of bulk tank milk testing as a
screening technique for F. hepatica
 No difference in seropositivity between ‘wet’
and ‘dry’ farms.
 Zero-milk withdrawal flukicide would prove
benificial

BAN ON FLUKICIDES

Only 2 active ingredients remain on the
market
Albendazole (Liver Fluke only)
 Oxyclozanide (Liver and Rumen Fluke)

Will require minimum of 2 doses
 Third Dose probably required
 Current efficacy of these products
unknown

MEDICINES NOT TO BE ADMINISTERED
TO COWS/IN-CALF HEIFERS
Name of product
Active substance involved
in IMB decision
MEDICINES NOT TO BE
ADMINISTERED TO COWS/IN-CALF
HEIFERS
Name of product
Active substance involved
in IMB decision
Virbamec super
Clorsulon
Ridafluke 3%
Rafoxanide
Ivomec super
Clorsulon
Rafoxanide
Flukiver 5 Injection
Closantel
Univet Multidose
Fluke and Worm
Closamectin
Closantel
Flukex 3%
Rafoxanide
Closiver for cattle
Closantel
Flukex 9%
Rafoxanide
Closamectin Pour on
Closantel
Curafluke 5%
Rafoxanide
Trodax 34%
Nitroxynil
Curafluke 10%
Rafoxanide
Deldrax 34%
Nitroxynil
Panafluke Oral
Suspension
Rafoxanide
Flukinex 9%
Rafoxanide
Orafluke 5%
Rafoxanide
Orafluke 10%
Rafoxanide
Fluken worm
Rafoxanide
Levafluke
Rafoxanide
Triazole
Rafoxanide
Fenafluke 5%
Rafoxanide
Chan Broad Spec
Rafazole Oral
Fasinex 24%
Triclabendazole
Endex 19.5%
Triclabendazole
Fasinex 10%
Triclabendazole
Fasinex Super 19.5%
Triclabendazole
Fasifree 10%
Triclabendazole
Endofluke 10
Triclabendazole
Triclabendazole
Rafoxanide
Triclaben 10% for
cattle
Rafoxanide
Tribex 10% for cattle
Triclabendazole
MEDICINES THAT CAN CONTINUE TO BE USED WITH STRICT
ADHERENCE TO WITHDRAWAL PERIODS INDICATED
Name of product
Active ingredient
Albex 10%
Albendazole
Albex 2.5%
Albendazole
Endospec 10% SC
Albendazole
Endospec 2.5% SC
Albendazole
Keelogane SC
Albendazole
Osmonds Flexiben 10% SC
Albendazole
Tramazole 10%
Albendazole
Tramazole 2.5%
Albendazole
Valbazen 10%
Albendazole
Zanil
Oxyclozanide
BAN ON FLUKICIDES
Issues on farm may lead to illegal use of banned
products
 Need to promote the impact that illegal use
(accidental or otherwise) could have on
international markets
 Some farmers currently willing to take the risk

WORRYING DEVELOPMENTS
Unapproved Albendazole products being
promoted e.g. Albencare
 Misinformation

LATEST INFORMATION
IMB has set a provisional Maximum Residue
Limit (MRL) for Closantel
 Efforts also being made to set provisional
MRLs for Triclabendazole and Nitroxynil
 EU permission required
 Support for these proposals essential

ON-GOING RESEARCH
2 PhD projects
Epidemiological studies
Links between fluke and additional
diseases
Milk Products
Three active ingredients under study
Triclbendazole
Rafoxanide
Closantel