Transcript Intellectual (4-6 years) - Ms. J. Poirier's Teacher Webspace

By: S
Block 1-2
Preoperational Thinking
 Children can understand simple Do’s and Don’ts
 Use of symbols: children learn that objects or words can be
symbols, they can represent something else
 Make-believe play: children learn through fantasy/creative
play or dramatic play, which is imitating real life situations,
games like house or school
 Egocentric viewpoint: children view the world in terms of
themselves, their actions show self-centeredness
 Limited focus: in preop. Period kids find it hard to focus on
more than one characteristic at once.
 Ex. Give a child 10 tennis balls, 3 white balls, and 7 yellow
balls. Ask if there's more yellow balls, they will say yes
because they can’t focus on both color and type of ball at once
Measuring intelligence
 When labeling a child “intelligent” or “unintelligent”
adults are often influenced by observations unrelated
to intelligence
 Its difficult to separate a child’s intellectual ability from
other characteristics like size, shyness, hair style.
 Educators use formal intelligence tests
 The first test was developed by Alfred Binet in 1905. In
1916 Lewis Tellman revised the Binet test.

Today it’s called the Standford-Binet test. It measures IQ
average. A Child should be around 90-110. The test
corresponds with a child’s ability and age level
Disadvantage of IQ Test
 Physical or emotional state of a child can affect the
results of the test
 It doesn’t tell much about a child’s specific abilities.
Two kids might have the same IQ but very different
strengths and weaknesses
 The test is more commonly used is a screening
instrument, it measures level of development in all
area’s, not just thinking skills
Everyday Learning Opportunities
 Children learn in every experience, but they learn
more if a parent or caregiver shares the experience
with them
 Helping them learn:
 Talk with the child about what their doing. Some
positive comments can encourage their interest and
asking questions helps them think in new ways, and
organize their thoughts
 Asking advice from a child promotes learning and shows
a them their opinion is valued and improves their selfesteem
Everyday Learning Opportunities
Cont.
 Children should be included in
household activities such as
shopping, cooking, and cleaning – it
will help them develop maturity
and responsibility
 At the age of 4, 5, or 6, children
want to learn about their bodies
and where babies come from. You
have to answer all their questions in
a simple way that they can
understand and don’t be
embarrassed
Reading
 Children love stories, if you encourage the interest and
read to them it’s likely they’ll enjoy books as they grow
up
 Kids appreciate humor and unusual (silly) situations
 They laugh over a horse in a bathtub = it shows their
learning reality from fantasy
 Kids like colorful books that are easy for them to
understand
Art
 Art helps children express feelings, learn to control
their body, and show creativity
 They should be able to experiment. Don’t correct their
creativity
Music
 Children imitate the sounds they hear.
They respond naturally to rhythmic
sounds. They love to sing and play
rhythmic games
 Kids are usually introduced to singing by
finger plays, which are songs/chants that
have hand motions.
 Simple instruments like bells or drums
they can bang on help develop their
interest
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jotrjCfQ
6N8
The School Experience
 If children have a bad experience with a teacher or
classmate they might develop negative feelings
towards school, this might keep them from learning as
well
 To make sure a child can adjust to kindergarten:
 They should have appropriate self-help skills (putting on
clothes and shoes)
 Should be able to listen well and follow directions
 You should explain what they can expect at school
Learning Disabilities
 There’s four categories that they could have a disability
in:
 How a child receives info from his/her senses
 How the brain puts info together
 How the info is stored in the brain as a memory
 How the info is expressed as written or spoken language
 Being blind is not a learning disability
 ADHD is the inability to control one’s activity or
attention
Learning Disabilities Cont.
 Dyslexia prevents a person from handling language in
a normal way
 It causes problems in reading, writing, spelling, and
math
 Brain can’t process info, especially visually
 Children with learning disabilities are often treated
like they can’t learn, which is wrong they just learn
differently
 They need lots of encouragement and praise, because
they have to work extra hard
Gifted & Talented Children
 3-10% of students are “gifted” (IQ of 130 and up)
 There are also children talented in areas that don’t show up
on IQ tests, like musically
 Gifted children shouldn’t be treated differently or
special
 They easily become bored and frustrated, and
therefore get labeled “problem children” If they aren’t
challenged they will become poor students
Speech Development
 A child’s language ability is the most dependable
indicator of intelligence
 Reveals what they think, their interests, and personality
 Vocabulary continues to increase, as well as articulation


This improvement relies on physical growth
6 year olds should know 2 ½ times the words as the average 3
year old
Speech Difficulties
 Young children who don’t talk a lot
usually are still uncomfortable with
language and they won’t be able to read
till they have more experience with
speaking
 Children should be encourage to use a
rich vocabulary
 Children who don’t speak English have
many problems in school, have
understanding problems, and other kids
teasing the child can cause isolation
Bibliography
 Brisbane, H. E. (1994). The Developing Child. Glencoe Division
of Macmillan.
 Child Development Guide. (2007). Cognitive Development:
From 4-6 Years. Retrieved February 23, 2012, from ChildDevelopment-Guide: http://www.child-developmentguide.com/cognitive-development.html
 Kidspot team. (n.d.). Cognitive Development in babies and
children. Retrieved February 23, 2012, from Discovery Centre:
http://www.kidspot.com.au/discoverycentre/Joy-of-discoveryDevelopment-Cognitive-development-in-babies-andchildren+5357+553+article.htm