Transcript CARE OF CLIENTS IN THE SCHOOL SETTING

CARE OF CLIENTS IN THE
SCHOOL SETTING
Reasons for Concern for School
Health
 The health of the school population
affects overall community health.
 Healthy children learn better.
 The school setting is an excellent
avenue for developing health attitudes
and behaviors that affect health in later
life.
Goal of School Health
 To reduce or eliminate healthrelated barriers to learning
Objectives of a School Health
Program - 1
 Decrease morbidity and absenteeism
 Identify and treat existing health
problems
 Manage special health needs
 Promote employee health
 Integrate school, home, and
community health efforts
Objectives of a School Health
Program - 2
 Contribute to staff development
 Provide a resource on school health
and safety issues
 Assure quality of and accountability
for school health services
Comprehensive School Health
Program
 “An integrated set of planned,
sequential school-affiliated strategies,
activities, and services designed to
promote the optimal physical,
emotional, social, and educational
development of students”
(Allensworth et al., 1997)
Traditional Components of a
School Health Program
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Health services
Health education
Healthy environment
Physical education
Nutrition services
Staff health promotion
Counseling, psychological, social services
Parent and community involvement
Figure 23–1 Components of the School Health Program
Health Services Component
 Assessment and screening
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Case finding
Counseling
Health promotion and illness prevention
Case management
Remedial or rehabilitation services
Specific nursing procedures
Emergency care
Education for Health Literacy - 1
Develop abilities to:
 Comprehend health promotion and disease
prevention information
 Access health information and health
promoting products and services
 Engage in behaviors that promote health
and reduce risk
Education for Health Literacy - 2
Develop abilities to:
 Analyze influences on health
 Use interpersonal communication to
enhance health
 Set goals and make decisions regarding
health
 Advocate for personal, family, and
community health
(Breckon, 1998)
Assessing Health in the School
Setting
 Biophysical considerations
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Psychological considerations
Physical environmental considerations
Sociocultural considerations
Behavioral considerations
Health system considerations
Biophysical Considerations - 1
 Maturation and aging
Age
 Developmental stages and tasks
 Genetic inheritance
 Gender
 Race/ethnicity
 Genetic predisposition to disease in
population
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Biophysical Considerations - 2
 Physiologic function
 Incidence and prevalence of
communicable diseases
 Incidence of injury and other
problems
 Prevalence of chronic and
handicapping conditions
 Immunization levels
Psychological Considerations
 Organization of the school day
 Peer relationships
 Teacher-student relationships
 Teacher-teacher relationships
 Discipline and grading practices
 Parent-school relationships
Physical Environmental
Considerations
 Internal environment
 External environment
Sociocultural Considerations
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Community attitudes to education
Crime
Racial unrest/violence
Working parents
Socioeconomic status
Culture and language
Homelessness
Behavioral Considerations
 Consumption patterns
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Diet and nutrition
Substance use and abuse
 Rest, exercise, and recreational
activity
 Sexual activity
 Health and safety behaviors
Health System Considerations
 Availability of internal and external
sources of health care
 Relationship of school to external
health care resources
 Organizational structure for school
health care delivery
Planning Health Care in the
School Setting
 Macrolevel planning
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Development of the overall school health
program
 Microlevel planning
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Planning to address specific health
problems in the population or to meet
health needs of individual members of the
population
Components of Macrolevel
Planning
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Population to be served
Categories of health services
Health-related personnel
Program resources
Health records
Program evaluation
Program budget
Components of Microlevel
Planning
 Primary prevention
 Secondary prevention
 Tertiary prevention
Primary Prevention
 Immunization
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Safety
Exclusion from school
Health education
Food and nutrition
Exercise and physical activity
Self-image
 Coping
 Interpersonal skills
Secondary Prevention
 Screening
 Referral
 Counseling
 Treatment
Tertiary Prevention
 Preventing recurrence of acute
conditions
 Preventing complications
 Promoting adjustment to chronic and
handicapping conditions
 Dealing with learning disability