Transcript Document

Subject:
Lighting systems in labs & offices
By:
a.Yousefvand
Lighting systems in labs & offices
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Sources of Light
• Incandescent
•
If the energy comes from heat
Luminescent
If the energy comes from another source, such as
chemical or electric energy
Electromagnetic Spectrum
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared light
Visible light (380-760 nm)
Ultraviolet light
X rays
Gamma rays
Electromagnetic Spectrum
First Light bulb & first lighting book
American inventor
Thomas Edison developed
this incandescent lamp,
or light bulb, in 1879.
Textbook on Lighting
Inventor Lewis Howard Latimer’s
Incandescent Electric Lighting (1896)
was one of the first textbooks
published on electric lighting.
Eye disease in different ages
>60
95%
50-60
82%
40-50
70%
eye desiease
30-40
48%
20-30
39%
20<
23%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1. An electric current flows through
2.
3.
4.
5.
a thin tungsten
The current heats the filament to
about 3000° C (5400° F)
Heat and light
The bulb must be filled with an
inert gas to prevent the filament
from burning out
They filled with a mixture of
nitrogen ,krypton and argon
Incandescent Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp
•
•
It produces light by causing a
substance called
Fluorescent lamps are more
efficient than incandescent
lamps
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
• Energy saving
• Harmonics
Neon Lights
• Neon lamps are used for art, advertising
• They are made by evacuating air from glass tubes, then filling them
with neon gas
Halogen Lamp
• By using electric current to heat a filament of tungsten
• The filament is housed inside a sealed container
• They filled with a halogen gas such as fluorine, chlorine,
bromine, iodine, astatine, or a combination of these
gases.
•
Q: Why would a person spend 20000 R to 25000 R to
purchase a CFL bulb rather than incandescent for 5000
R?
•
A: Because CFLs
 Use 75 percent less energy to operate.
 Last up to 10 times longer.
 Produce more lumens (light) per watt (electricity used)
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Halogen, 3000
High pressure
sodium , 24000
incandescen, 1000
High pressure
mercury , 24000
fluorescent, 6000
High pressure m ercury
fluorescent
High pressure sodium
Halogen
incandescen
Life duration
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Comparing
Incandescent
Watts (lumens)
Compact Fluorescent
Watts (lumens)
60 (900)
16 (900)
75 (1200)
20 (1100-1200)
100 (1750)
30 (1600-1800)
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efficiency
incandescen
14%
Halogen
30%
High pressure
sodium
100%
fluorescent
40%
High pressure
mercury
54%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Lamps efficiency
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lighting
 Indoor lighting
 Outdoor lighting
Indoor lighting
 Accent lighting
To highlight specific objects
 Task lighting
Direct light to specific activity areas
 Ambient lighting
Distribute light broadly throughout
a space
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• security
• beauty
• Ultraviolet and
blue wavelengths
attract insects
yellow repels the insects
Outdoor lighting
Lighthouse, Lake Erie, Ohio
LIGHT MEASURING
• The length of light waves is measured in meters
• The frequency of light waves is measured in hertz
• The unit of illumination is defined in meters and is called
the lux and Measured with luxmeter
color rate
incandescen
100
Halogen
100
High pressure sodium
25
fluorescent
66
High pressure mercury
20
0
20
40
Color of light
60
80
100
120
GMP & lighting
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Minimum levels in personnel work areas should be no
less than 500 lux, one meter from floor.
Fixtures must be:
Cleanable
Non-shedding
Ledge free
Sealed
Crevice free
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GMP & lighting
• Use stainless steel or aluminium fixture
(non-shedding & corrosive materials)
• Recess mounted fixtures are beneficial
(with maintenance access from walkable ceiling)
• Emergency lighting should be providing
(combining with normal fixtures to limit the amount of
equipments)
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How to designing
Location
Iran Illumination
standard
US Illumination
Engineering society
(IES)
Typing office
600
780
Filling
450
1100
Laboratories
500
1100
Lobby
150
220
Electronic works
500
750
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• Bright clear sunshine 100,000 – 150,000 lux
• Moonlight 5-10 lux
• 60-400 lux for rats
and mice
Light intensity for rats and mice
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Factors in designing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
TLLF (Total Light Loss Factor)
RSDDF (Room Surface Dirt Depreciation Factor)
LBF ( Lamp Burned Factor)
WLC ( Wall Luminance Coefficient)
CCLC (Ceiling Cavity Luminance Coefficient )
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energy saving
•
•
•
•
Electronic dimmers
Motion sensing light switches
Electronic timers
Photo cells
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references
• http://www.lightresource.com/
• http://www.energystar.gov/
• Industrial lighting systems, j. b. deBore, Philips techn
library,1981
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thanks for
your attention
and
collaboration
a.yousefvand @ yahoo .co
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