Transcript Characterization of kenaf/PLLA composites

PROJECT
Eco-Houses Based on Eco-Friendly Polymer Composite
Construction Materials - ECO-PCCM
11 OKTOMVRI
EUROKOMPOZIT
Characterization of
kenaf/PLA composites
ISO 9001:2000
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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DELIVERED KENAF/PLA PREFORMS BY K.E.F.I
Pcs
Size, mm
Thickness,
mm
Specific
weight,
kg/m3
1 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
60
40
2 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
50
40
3 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
40
60
4 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
40
80
5 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
40
40
6 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
400 x 600
30
40
7 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
4
120 x 120
30
80
8 - ISOLKENAF: kenaf / PLA
2
400 x 600
10
60
9 - ISOLKENAF: 60% kenaf / 40%
4
400 x 600
20
60
Composition
PLA
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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MANUFACTURING OF KENAF/PLA COMPOSITES
The panels were fabricated by thermo compression in a closed mold.
Press piston
Hot plate
Polster
Release foil
Kenaf layers
Closed mold
and application
of spacers
Mold
Press platen
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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MANUFACTURING OF KENAF/PLA COMPOSITES
PLA squeezed out
Open mold panel
The application of the same press cycle (open mold and high
pressure) as the one for kenaf/PP composites was impossible
because PLA was squeezed out of the fibers.
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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MANUFACTURING OF KENAF/PLA COMPOSITES
spacers
Mold in closed position
Mold in open position
kenaf/PLA composite
To solve the problem of the PLA squeeze out, a
closed mold and 9.0 mm thick spacers were
applied to prevent full closure of the mold and
migration of PLA to the boundaries of the
composite panel.
kenaf/PLA layers
All manufactured composites of kenaf/PLA
were 120x120x~9.0 mm
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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MANUFACTURING OF KENAF/PLA COMPOSITES
Of all available kenaf preforms we prepared final composites.
The samples of the kenaf fibers preforms are prepared of 2 layers kenaf / PLA and
4 layers kenaf / PLA in dependance of the thickness on the start preforms kenaf / PLA
Set: 2 layers kenaf / PLA
Set: 4 layers kenaf / PLA
Press Cycle:
T=175OC
Pm = until closing
on the spacers
t = 20 min
The final composites were approximately 9 mm thick. The size of the composite
plates is chosen for best utilization of the material because the test specimen
have to be 120 mm long. Specimen dimensions were according to the
respective standards.
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Testing of kenaf / PLA composites
Physical and mechanical characteristics of kenaf/PLA composites – average
value
Test
Composite: Composite: Composite:
Method
kenaf/PLA kenaf/PLA kenaf/PLA
Property
(d=60 mm;
(d=50 mm;
3
r=40 kg/m ) r=40 kg/m3)
(d=40 mm;
r=60 kg/m3)
Areal weight, kg/m 2
JUS
G.S2.51
6,8
4,5
6,1
Water absorption, %
ISO/DP
9674
64,6
180,0
85,1
UL 94
burns
burns
burns
Flexural strength, MPa
DIN 53457
11,8
1,76
10,0
Flexural modulus, GPa
DIN 53457
1,1
0,08
0,6
Impact strength, an 9, kJ/m 2
DIN 53453
53,8
9,5
60,0
Impact strength, an10, kJ/m 2
DIN 53453
93,7
12,1
84,0
Compression strength, MPa
DIN 53454
3,6
0,87
3,5
Fire resistance
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Composite kenaf/PLA:
d=50mm; r=40kg/m3
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Testing of kenaf / PLA composites
Physical and mechanical characteristics of kenaf/PLA composites – average
value
Test
Composite:
Composite:
Composite:
Property
Method
kenaf/PLA
kenaf/PLA
kenaf/PLA
(d=40 mm;
r=80 kg/m3)
(d=40 mm;
r=40 kg/m3)
(d=30 mm;
r=40 kg/m3)
Areal weight, kg/m 2
JUS
G.S2.51
5,8
3,8
3,4
Water absorption, %
ISO/DP
9674
80,1
147,6
94,5
Fire resistance
UL 94
burns
burns
burns
Flexural strength, MPa
DIN
53457
9,8
2,3
5,8
Flexural modulus, GPa
DIN
53457
0,7
1,5
0,3
Impact strength, an 9, kJ/m 2
DIN
53453
100,0
9,7
6,8
Impact strength, an10, kJ/m 2
DIN
53453
47,0
15,8
14,5
Compression strength, MPa
DIN
53454
4,6
0,7
1,27
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Composite kenaf/PLA: d=40mm; r=40kg/m3
The composite samples after testing
Composite kenaf/PLA:
d=10mm; r=60kg/m3
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Testing of kenaf / PLA composites
Physical and mechanical characteristics of kenaf/PLA composites – average
value
Test
Composite: Composite:
Composite:
Property
Method
kenaf/PLA
kenaf/PLA
60%kenaf/40%PLA
(d=30 mm;
r=80 kg/m3)
(d=10 mm;
r=60 kg/m3)
(d=20 mm;
r=60 kg/m3)
Area weight, kg/m 2
JUS
G.S2.51
6,7
3,1
0,65
Water absorption, %
ISO/DP
9674
72,2
121,4
51,5
Fire resistance
UL 94
burns
burns
burns
Flexural strength, MPa
DIN
53457
16,2
2,9
21,7
Flexural modulus, GPa
DIN
53457
1,6
0,2
1,22
Impact strength, an 9, kJ/m 2
DIN
53453
37
19,3
43,2
Impact strength, an10, kJ/m
DIN
53453
52
12,7
60,3
Compression strength, MPa
DIN
53454
6,2
1,31
6,5
2
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Composite kenaf/PLA:
d=30mm; r=80kg/m3
Composite
60%kenaf/40%PLA:
d=20mm; r=60kg/m3
The composite samples after testing
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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FLEXURAL AND COMPRESSION STRENGTH FOR ALL COMPOSITES
22
MPa
20
Flexural strength
18
Compression strength
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1
2
3
4
5
1 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; r=40kg/m3);
2 – Kenaf
3 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=60kg/m3);
4 – Kenaf
5 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=40kg/m3);
6 – Kenaf
7 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; r=80kg/m3);
8 – Kenaf
9 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; r=60kg/m3);
6
/ PLA
/ PLA
/ PLA
/ PLA
7
8
9
(d=50mm; r=40kg/m3);
(d=40mm; r=80kg/m3);
(d=30mm; r=40kg/m3);
(d=10mm; r=60kg/m3);
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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FLEXURAL MODULUS FOR ALL COMPOSITES
1,6
GPa
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
/ PLA
(d=50mm;
r=40kg/m3);
1 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; r=40kg/m3);
r=40kg/m3); 2 – 2Kenaf
– Kenaf
/ PLA
(d=50mm;
r=40kg/m3);
/ PLA
(d=40mm;
r=80kg/m3);
3 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=60kg/m3);
r=60kg/m3); 4 – 4Kenaf
– Kenaf
/ PLA
(d=40mm;
r=80kg/m3);
5 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=40kg/m3); 6 –6Kenaf
– Kenaf
/ PLA
/ PLA
(d=30mm;
(d=30mm;
r=40kg/m3);
r=40kg/m3);
7 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; r=80kg/m3); 8 –8Kenaf
– Kenaf
/ PLA
/ PLA
(d=10mm;
(d=10mm;
r=60kg/m3);
r=60kg/m3);
9 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; r=60kg/m3);
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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IMPACT STRENGTH FOR ALL COMPOSITES
100
Impact strength, an 9
90
Impact strength, an 15
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 – Kenaf / PLA (d=60mm; r=40kg/m3);
2 – Kenaf
3 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=60kg/m3);
4 – Kenaf
5 – Kenaf / PLA (d=40mm; r=40kg/m3);
6 – Kenaf
7 – Kenaf / PLA (d=30mm; r=80kg/m3);
8 – Kenaf
9 – 60% Kenaf / 40% PLA (d=20mm; r=60kg/m3);
7
/ PLA
/ PLA
/ PLA
/ PLA
8
9
(d=50mm; r=40kg/m3);
(d=40mm; r=80kg/m3);
(d=30mm; r=40kg/m3);
(d=10mm; r=60kg/m3);
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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Impact strength “an 15”
15 mm
Impact strength “an 9”
9 mm
ECO-PCCM Fourth Meeting, Sofia, Bulgaria, April 6-7, 2006
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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