Transcript Unit 6 - Canton Local

Unit 4
Role of the
People
Chapter 10
Civil Rights
The government of the United States protects the
freedoms of its people and provides opportunities
for citizens to participate in the political process.
Content Statement
Historically, the United States has struggled with
majority rule and the extension of minority
rights. As a result of this struggle, the
government has increasingly extended civil
rights to marginalized groups and broadened
opportunities for participation.
Section 1: Citizenship and Immigration
• ***Citizens only can vote, hold elected office,
and serve on juries. The Constitution and
Congress have established the ways people
may become U.S. citizens and the ways their
citizenship may be lost.
Becoming a United States Citizen
A. By
Birth
• Being born to US citizens
• Being born in the US or in
a US territory
• Jus sanguinis—if 1 parent
is a US citizen and you
are born in a foreign
country
Becoming a United States Citizen
B. Through
naturalization—
legal way
immigrants
become US
citizens
• Be a lawful resident of the US for 5
continuous years
• 18 years old
• Completes a citizenship application
• Is able to speak, read, and write English
• Demonstrates good moral character, belief
in the principles of the Constitution, and
knowledge of US history and government
• Supports the order and happiness of the
United States
• Takes an oath of allegiance to the United
States at a swearing-in ceremony
• Video of naturalization in New York City
Denaturalization—Losing Citizenship
• Is this possible?
• If so, what would a person have to do to be
denaturalized?
Person became
a US citizen by
fraud
A person is
naturalized as a
citizen or
pledging
allegiance to
another country
Denaturalization
Lied about background
or provides other false
info during the
naturalization process
Expatriation—
when a person
voluntarily
gives up their
citizenship
Section 2: Diversity and Equal
Protection
• Concern over the number of
newcomers coming into the
US has led to efforts to
restrict immigration. The US
has both benefited and
suffered from immigration
over the years.
Immigration Policies—they have
changed over the years
• A. Unrestricted immigration
• Before late 1800’s—anybody could come to the US
– Land
– Jobs
– Freedom
• Competition for land and jobs led to tension around
1900.
• B. Immigration Restrictions
• Hostility toward immigrants led Congress over time to
restrict immigration
• 1882—Congress passed a tax on those who entered the
country
• 1882—Congress passed law that denied entry for convicted
criminals
• 1882—Congress passed law that banned all Chinese
(California—Chinese immigrants took less money to do
jobs—this took jobs away from the natives)
• 1900—restricted Japanese immigration
• 1921 and 1924—set limits for immigrants on each country
– Amounts favored western European countries
• C. Immigration Policy Today
– 1950’s—100 per Asian country allowed
– 1965: Immigration and Nationality Act
» 290,000/year
» 120,000/Western Europe
» 170,000/other countries
– 1990: Immigration Act—675,000
– Today: many more from Asian and Latin American countries
allowed in
• Current Immigration Policy in the United
States
• D. Illegal immigration
• Millions of illegals in US today
• Illegal aliens—do not have immigration papers
– Deported if caught
• Amnesty—general pardon that gov gives to people who have
broken a law
– Gov has allowed illegal immigrants amnesty—if they can prove
they have been here for a certain length, they can be given
citizenship
• 1996: Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996—increased border patrol and
provided for stronger penalties for creating and using false
ID papers
Pro/Con of Illegal Immigration
A Nation of Diversity
–Benefits
• Mix of people, culture, and traditions
• Foods, music, literature, and celebrations
• Creativity
• Chinatown, Polish Village, Little Italy
•
–Challenges
• Prejudice in hiring, firing, promotions
• Discrimination
Section 3: Struggle for Civil Rights
• ***Civil rights: powers or privileges that
governments grant to individuals to guarantee
their equal treatment under the law
Equal Protection of the Law
A. 14th
Amendment
B.
Reasonable
distinction
• state gov may not “deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the
equal protection of the laws”
• THIS IS THE EQUAL PROTECTION
CLAUSE!!!!!!!
• at times, gov. can distinct
between people
• Ex: charge people to come into a
park. Non-park users do not pay
When is discrimination considered
reasonable? 2 guidelines
B. Strict Scrutiny Test
A. Rational basis test
If gov has a rational reason Ex:
drinking age
Involve cases where gov makes
distinctions between people
based on race or national origin
This usually does not happen
Example: Korematsu vs. the
Unted States
Links
• Strict Scrutiny
• Korematsu vs. the United States
• Korematsu vs. United States video
Civil Rights and Equal Protection
• Civil rights movement—the struggle by minorities
and women to gain in practice the rights guaranteed
to all citizens by the Constitution
2 types of segregation
A. De Jure
Segregation
B. De Facto
Segregation
• Segregation by law
• Ex: Jim Crow Laws
• segregation in fact. No
law—but it’s still there
• Ex: Integrated public
school in the 1970s
Court cases
A. Plessy vs. Ferguson
B. Brown vs. Board of
Education
1896
1954
Rail cars
Schools
Separate but equal was found to be
OK by the Supreme Court
Separate but equal was found to be
unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court
Court case links
• Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Brown vs. Board of Education
Why did the Court reverse its
decision?
• It was a different time period and people’s
attitudes on race changed
• There were 9 new justices on the Supreme
Court
• This case proves that the Constitution is a
living document—it changes and grows with
the times!!!!!
Section 4: Civil Rights Laws
• ***Civil rights movement did not end with
victories in court. Marches, speeches,
protests and close work with lawmakers have
helped keep civil rights movement going
Civil Rights Laws
A. Civil
Rights Act
of 1866
• sought to give all races the
right to vote
Civil
Rights Act
of 1875
• outlawed racial discrimination
in public places
These laws were not enforced, especially in the South.
Nonviolent Protests
• 1955 Rosa Parks
– Montgomery, Alabama bus boycotts
• 1960 sit-ins
– Greensboro, NC Woolworth store
– They refused to serve African-Americans at the store
– Lasted for months
• Congress of Racial Equality, 1961
– Freedom Rides
» Bus trips from the North to the South to protest segregation
» Sometimes, they were attacked by mobs
• March on Washington
– August, 1963
– Martin Luther King “I have a dream” speech
Changes Take Hold
• 1964 Civil Rights Act
– Forbade segregation in public places
» Schools started to integrate
– Called for an end to discrimination in the work place
» Hiring, firing, promotions
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
– Helped African-Americans equal opportunity of voting
– No more literacy tests or poll taxes
• Civil Rights Acts of 1968 and 1991
– Prohibited discrimination based on race, national origin, and
religion in advertising, financing, sale, and rental of housing
– Strengthened protections against discrimination in the
workplace
Extending Civil Rights
– Hispanic-Americans
• Equal rights for this group
• Also, more are represented in elected office
– American Indians
– Asian Americans
– People with Disabilities
– Women
• Equal Pay Act