Helping Troubled Children and Families to Heal Themselves

Since 1952

Named Alliance for Children and Families Agency of the Year in the U.S.

Recipient of the Wishart Award for Excellence in Nonprofit Management

Trauma-Informed Safety and Security Thursday, Oct. 24, 2013

History and Evolution of The Project Why Did Auberle Get Involved?

In response to traumatic events in Auberle’s region, we launched pro-active measures to assess and modify our facilities to ensure our clients and staff are safe. Key items included: • Considerations when providing service to high-risk clients.

• Considerations for keeping unwanted guests out of facilities.

• Creating safer facilities using a trauma-informed approach that reduces the risk of injury or triggering of past trauma.

• Necessary training for staff members as first-responders, including workers that provide service directly in clients’ homes.

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The Sanctuary® Model

The Sanctuary Model™ (Dr. Sandra Bloom) creates a culture that can more effectively address healing from psychological and social trauma. It integrates current brain and medical research, best practices in promoting emotional, mental and behavioral health, and wellness and healing strategies for at-risk youth and their families. The model also addresses staff wellness with its “Care for the Care-takers” emphasis.

Sanctuary provides a guide for organizations who work with children and families to create a “trauma-informed community” that understand the ways that trauma (injury/hurt/pain) and chronic stress impacts an individual's behavior, overall health and world view. One of its primary goals is to create a safe and healthy environment for healing and growth to take place.

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Linking Trauma-Informed Care to Security & Safety Measures

•

Physical Safety:

Non-violence, absence of self-destructive behavior and avoidance of risk-taking behavior. •

Psychological Safety:

Being safe with feelings and knowing how to take care of yourself – self-protection, self-efficacy and self-discipline.

•

Social Safety:

Feeling safe and cared about within a group – safe attachments, safety in the group and exercise of responsible authority.

•

Moral Safety:

Fair play, knowing right from wrong and trusting that people around you know right from wrong.

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Why Is This Important?

Past Trauma Leads to Heightened Response

• People who have experienced high levels of trauma have a heightened response toward incidents that cause stress or crisis – increasing their flight, fight or freeze response.

• Past trauma can alter a person’s ability to Respond to Critical Incidents as it can trigger their past trauma as they attempt to respond to the current incident.

• This is important to remember as responders when working with populations that have experienced high levels of trauma.

• People who have experienced high levels f trauma have increased sensitivity to stress and crisis which can expand that person’s perceived personal space boundaries beyond traditional social boundaries.

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The Security Alliance

•

Security Consulting Solutions, Inc.

•

Apostolou Architects, Inc.

•

CSI Corporate Security and Investigations, Inc. Corporate Office:

Academy of Investigation & Protection Armor Security Training Institute Centurian Security •

CSI Corporate Security and Investigations, Inc. PA Western District:

INPAX

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Security Consulting Solutions, Inc.

John P. Hudson

• US Marine Corps

– WMD’s – Explosives – Security

• US Secret Service

– Presidents Ford, Reagan, Clinton & Bush – Protection – Investigations – Security Design

• Security Consulting • Technical Security • Design • System Integration • Project Management

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INPAX Security Consulting Solutions

"The Security Methodology"

Security Assessment Training Schools Hospitals Government Physical Security

Apostolou Associates

Policy & Procedure Facility Design

CSI

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• • •

Four Organizations Varied Expertise One Objective

Security Enhancements & Upgrades

• Security Enhancements – Facilities – System Integration • New Construction • Creative Solutions – “Armored Walls” – “Push Video”

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Auberle

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Practical Applications

• • • • • • •

Law Enforcement Department Public Works Housing Authorities Construction Field Surveys Child Youth Services Other…

*

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The Role of Architectural Design in Developing Secure Facilities

Paul C. Apostolou, AIA • • • • Introduction Background Basic Concepts Your Role • • Introduction Full-service architectural and planning firm located in Pittsburgh, PA Over 40 years of experience in commercial, educational, ecclesiastical, civic, recreational, and healthcare projects

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• • • • • •

Basic Concepts for Secure Facility Design

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)  Many aspects of facility design can be considered with safety in mind: 

Natural Surveillance

Ability to monitor in and around the facility

• Clear lines of sight • • • Eliminate hiding places Provide Appropriate Lighting Position staff to promote supervision Site Design Building Exterior Design Building Entrances Interior Circulation Safe Havens Systems, Materials, and Equipment 

Access Control

Control who is in the facility & where they can go

• Defined Approach & Single Point of Entry • • Door Monitoring Compartmentalize & Control Circulation 

Territoriality

•

Reinforce Ownership

Define Borders • • Signage Maintenance

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

Building Codes Govern Many Aspects of Construction

Some Building Code Examples:

• IBC - International Building Code • • • • • • • • • • • IEBC - International Existing Building Code IFC - International Fire Code IMC - International Mechanical Code IPC - International Plumbing Code IFGC - International Fuel Gas Code IPMC - International Property Maintenance Code IECC - International Energy Conservation Code ICC Electrical Code ICC/ANSI Accessibility Code Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry Local Ordinances and Regulations 

Material & Systems Standards Agencies:

• ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials • • • • UL - Underwriters Laboratories CSPC - Consumer Product Safety Commission FM - Factory Mutual NFPA - National Fire Protection Association  Life Safety/Egress is THE primary concern of the Codes 

“It is important to note that [the doors] would be required to be fail-safe, prioritizing safety over security.”

– 2009 IBC Commentary, 10-50 (1008.1.4.4

)

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FACILITY DESIGN

Building Type Examples •

Site Design

• Fence Defines the Property • Site Access Limited to Single Gate • Well-Defined Approach Walkway • Visual Coverage of the Grounds and Approach From Windows • •

Building Exterior

• No Alcoves or Hiding Spots

Building Entrance

• Single, Well-Defined Entrance

Simple, One-Story Structure www.auberle.org

•

Site Design

• Grounds are well defined by sidewalks, • • roads, and a fenced schoolyard Multiple well-defined entrance walkways Visual coverage of yard and approach from windows •

Building Exterior

• Limited amount of exterior alcoves • • High windows preclude access Low windows protected with grates or screening •

Building Entrance

• Single, Main Entrance and a limited number of additional entrances

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FACILITY DESIGN

Building Type Examples

“The Fortress Model”

FACILITY DESIGN

Building Type Examples 

Site Design

• Large grounds with multiple activity areas is difficult to monitor and control 

Building Exterior

• Multiple corners and alcoves • with limited visual access Large windows provide additional means of access 

Building Entrance

• Multiple entrances and exits are in place for various school functions

Auberle Main Campus

Contemporary Campus “The Sprawl Model”

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Building Entrances

Multiple Entrances compromise the ability to effectively control access  Establish single main entrance & effective control to prevent the threat from entering the structure • • • • Create a Secure Vestibule Separate Visitors from Occupants Effectively Monitor & Control Entrance at all Times Consider the use of Containment Vestibules and Delayed Exiting  Secure All Other Entrances • Monitor & Door Position Alarm

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FACILITY DESIGN

Controlling the Entrances



Control Access Within the Structure

• Position Circulation Controls Such as Doors & Gates to Maintain Life Safety and Provide Lockdown Support 

Establish Safe Havens or Zones

• Commonly used to protect against natural phenomena such as tornados, the concept can be applied to provide • areas of refuge in case of an intruder Modified Internal Circulation – Provide doors so rooms can be accessed from adjacent rooms without use of the corridor • Reinforced doors, windows, and walls

Note: some bullet resistant materials do not meet fire code requirements



Update Door Hardware

• • New function locksets do not lock the door from the corridor side All locksets and any hardware added to the doors need to maintain the ability for unimpeded exiting

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FACILITY DESIGN

The Building Interior

Architecture and Technology

OSCAR NEWMAN

coined the term “defensible space”: the idea that crime can be prevented through the use of designs that reduce criminal opportunity.

Realistic Options:

 Limiting ingress and egress  Alerts for open doors  Window coverings

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Media Violence and Violent Behavior

In July 2000, the American Medical Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry made the following joint statement before a bipartisan, bicameral Congressional hearing: The conclusion of the public health community, based on over 30 years of research, is that viewing entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, values and behavior, particularly in children. Source: On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society by Lt. Col. Dave Grossman

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The Realities of What We Have To Deal With:

THE FACTS

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The Facts to Act Presented By: Louis W. Gentile, President/CEO www.auberle.org

SCHOOL RESOURCE OFFICER

Jefferson County Sheriff’s Deputy Neil Gardner, a 15-year veteran of the Sheriff’s Office, soon would complete his second year as the uniformed community resource officer assigned to Columbine High School where he was working the day of the shooting. 15 were killed (including the two shooters) and 23 were injured.

Source: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/columbine.cd/Pages/TOC.htm

; Jefferson County, CO Sheriff

INITIAL RESPONDER: CSI/CENTURIAN SECURITY

“ It only takes a few minutes for police to arrive on the scene that took place in seconds.” Post by unknown, N.R.A. member A specialized training curriculum designed by CSI/Centurian Security for officers trained to secure the scene until first responders arrive.

THE OVER ARCHING THEME IS THAT “EVERYONE” IS AN INITIAL RESPONDER. www.auberle.org

What is Workplace Violence?

• Workplace Violence is any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site.

• Homicide is currently the fourth-leading cause of fatal occupational injuries in the United States • Homicide is the leading cause of death for women in the workplace. • The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFIO) reported 13,309 workplace homicide in one year (n=1080) occurred in 1994, while the lowest number (n=526) occurred in 2008.

Source: United States Department of Labor

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• • • • • • One out of 20 women will be stalked at least once in their lifetime.

Multiple slayings now occur in the workplace at the rate of about three per month.

Although the numbers remain comparatively low, employees who kill their bosses have doubled in the past 10 years.

More than half of those who commit mass murder in the workplace end up as suicides.

For women, homicide is the leading cause of death in the workplace.

It is estimated that over 80% of companies have not taken any action to deal with the prospect of workplace violence.

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OSHA Issues Directive for Investigating Workplace Violence

On September 8, 2011, OSHA issued a compliance directive (the “Directive”) on workplace violence that outlines enforcement procedures for OSHA field officers in determining whether and how to investigate employers for instances of alleged workplace violence.

Relying on OSHA’s General Duty Clause (which requires employers to maintain workplaces “free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm”), OSHA may cite and fine employers for failing to provide workers with adequate safeguards against workplace violence after an investigation. The Directive does not require OSHA to respond to every complaint or incident related to workplace violence; rather, the Directive provides guidance for field officers to determine whether or not an investigation should be pursued and whether a citation is appropriate for the employer.

OSHA’s directive focuses on two primary questions to determine whether nor not an investigation or citation is appropriate: (1) Did the employer recognize potential hazards in the workplace? and (2) Are there feasible means of preventing or minimizing such hazards?

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OSHA’s Recommendations

1. Analyze potential workplace hazards 2. Implement reasonable safety mechanisms 3. Train employees 4. Develop record-keeping practices 5. Reassess hazards periodically

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Document Everything, Diagnose Nothing

The Four Steps of Constructive Confrontation: 1. Identification 2. Documentation 3. Confirmation 4. Confrontation

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

PREVENT

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the first place.

Workplace Violence Seminar

The audience will be introduced to an overview as to what constitutes Workplace Violence in The protocol for the program is consistent:

Prevention

,

Contro

l and

Response

.

The

Commitment Based Security

promotes the philosophy that the security function is linked to each employee as a critical component of the ultimate success of the organization.

Employees are a part of the solution versus the problem.

The Four Components of the Process are:  Management Involvement  Employee Engagement  Design Work  Reinforced Work Design The ultimate goal is to promote the flow of information concerning a colleague who may be in a mental state of mind conducive to aggressive or aberrant behavior because of a possible mental disorder, addiction, abuse, etc.

The Commitment Based Security concept integrates with the Sanctuary® Model of

S.E.L.F.: Safety, Emotion, Future, and Loss

.

Both concepts are consistent with the concept promoted by John-Michael Keyes, the founder of the

“I Luv U Guys”

Foundation which produced the concept of

“Safe 2 Tell.” www.auberle.org

Sanctuary® Commitments

The Sanctuary commitments are consistent with not only the CSI protocol for security, but consistent with the values of the CSI organization as well: 

Nonviolence

– being safe outside (physically), inside (emotionally), with others (social) and to do the right thing (moral) 

Emotional Intelligence

or others 

Social Learning

– managing our feelings so that we don’t hurt ourselves – respecting and sharing the ideas of our teams  

Democracy

– shared decision making

Open Communication

say it – saying what we mean and not being mean when we  contribution to the organizational culture 

Social Responsibility Growth and Change

– together we accomplish more, everyone makes a – creating hope for our clients and ourselves

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Healthcare Providers Authorized to Report Potentially Dangerous Persons

The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA), while safeguarding patient privacy, allows healthcare providers to disclose protected information to family members or law enforcement when the provider believes in good faith that the patient poses a serious and imminent threat to the health or safety of himself or others. 45 CFR § 164.512(j). Under HIPPA, a provider is presumed to be acting in good faith when such belief is premised upon actual knowledge, such as information a provider receives by talking to the patient, or upon “a credible representation by a person with apparent knowledge,” such as information a provider receives by talking to the patient’s family member. 45 CFR § 164.512(j)(4).

Source: http://www.lexology.com/library

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Background Investigations

•

Criminal

•

Civil



Illustrations as to the significance of conducting civil inquiry

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•

SUBJECT #1

The investigation of Subject #1 revealed he may use an alias of XXX.

• One criminal record was located for Subject #1 pertaining to Aggravated Battery (Pregnant Person)-Felony and Domestic Battery, which resulted in a non-prosecution.

• Several civil records were located for the subject pertaining to:  Domestic Battery  Medical Malpractice   Divorce Foreclosure      Delinquent Taxes Mechanics Lien Damages Paternity Business Tort

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SUBJECT #2

• Subject #2 was charged with a DUI-1 st Offense where the charge was reduced to Reckless Driving and he was placed on probation and which was ordered to not consume alcohol or visit establishments primarily serving alcohol.

• Civil history: Several disturbance calls were associated with Subject #2’s and XXX’s home within the past two years.

• Several civil records were located for the subject pertaining to:  Protective Order  Repeat Violence    Eviction with Damages Small Claims Auto Negligence

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• • •

SUBJECT #3

Subject #3: a security officer working in a high school.

A civil investigation is requested by Marty Griffin, KDKA.

Civil Investigation revealed the following:  Petition for Protection from Abuse filed September 6, 2000, XXX, defendant  Petition for Protection from Abuse filed March 28, 1996, XXX, defendant; the subject defied the order but attempted to enter the residence at XXX; Protection   from Abuse Contempt Hearing scheduled.  “If you don’t do what I want, I’ll throw you down the steps.”   “If you don’t do as I say, I’ll kill you.” Petition filed for Violation of Probation Hearing Subject ordered to undergo mental health evaluation and treatment.

Numerous charges such as Harassment, Simple Assault, etc., withdrawn at the District Magistrate level which would not necessarily be found in a typical criminal history, i.e.,  Commitment order issued.

 Simple Assault dismissed.

 Simple Assault dismissed.

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

CONTROL

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A

Control

component is broken down into a variety of sections dealing with the identification of signs and symptoms of a potentially violent situation as well as specific Conflict Resolution techniques that can be implemented to de-escalate.



Therapeutic Crisis Intervention System (TCI):

A critical component of the program offered to educators will be the Therapeutic Crisis Intervention System.

A CSI Colleague, Tiffany Wilfong, with a Bachelor of Art Degree, majoring in sociology, employed by CSI for the past two-and-a-half years, will be attending a TCI program in November and be certified as a trainer for the TCI system. Two CSI employees have currently been trained in the TCI process. The elements of the TCI program will be integrated with the curriculum being developed by Dr. Daniel Flannery, the Semi J. and Ruth Begun Professor and Director of the Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education at the Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences (MSAS) at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). From 1998 through 2010 he served as founding Director of the Institute for the Study and Prevention of Violence at Kent State University. He is also a licensed clinical child psychologist, a member of the graduate faculty of the University of Notre Dame, and an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at Case Western University. Dr. Flannery will be elaborating on a protocol distinguishing between diffusing a violent eruption and a mental health episode.

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How Secure is Your Facility?

Vulnerability Analysis Critical Control Points

A

Critical Control Point

is a term used for places where a loss of process control would compromise the safety of the product and present a hazard to the consumer.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)

is a comprehensive program to identify these points and to develop measures to reduce risk for each.

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Determining the Viability of Conflict Resolution

• • • • • • • How much do they trust each other?

Can they communicate appropriately and constructively?

What are their attitudes towards conflict resolution process, the police and the current situation?

To what degree do the individuals disagree?

What are the real and perceived consequences associated to the conflict and the current situation?

Is there a power imbalance between the parties?

Are there cultural, personal, organizational, community, family factors that influence the conflict?

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Hallmarks of Transformative Mediation

1. Empower the parties… 2. Leave responsibility with the parties… 3. Do not judge… 4. Take a realistic but optimistic view of the parties and situation… 5. Acknowledge and be responsive to emotions being expressed… 6. Acknowledge and explore uncertainty… 7. Remain focused… 8. Be responsive to and cognizant of history… 9. Realize conflict is a long term process… 10. Recognize and acknowledge empowerment and success…

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Intelligence

One of the basic fundamental concepts contained in the book Sun Zu: The Art of War, is gathering intelligence, whether it be personal, warfare, or business. Apply that concept to stay safe, in any situation, or entering any premises. Consider the following: • What is the current situation and historical conflict?

• What is the history of conflict between the parties?

• What values, beliefs, and interests fuel the conflict, and how likely can these be addressed?

• What are the parties’ motives underlying the conflict?

• Wherever you are, scan the premises for the emergency exits and staircases, and think about potential escape routes. Make this a habit, especially when you’re in a facility for the first time.

• History of violent behavior • History of grievance and complaints • Weapons expertise & use • GPS

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• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Risk-enhancing factors

Verbal/other communicated threats Abnormal/obsessive behavior depression Prior acts of violence Purchase/obsession with weapons/firearms Blaming others Inappropriate reactions/angry outbursts Sudden irrational beliefs and ideas Suicidal, experienced recent loss or loss of status Substance abuse Poor self-esteem Stalking/approach behavior/attack behaviors or plan Conveying violence in journals, writings, communications, drawings Off of prescribed medication VCPI Violence Interdiction, Bureau of Justice Assistance

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• • • • • • • • • • • •

In The Field

Look to see if a stranger is lurking near your parked car.

Think about your location. In recent years, about 4 in 10 carjackings took place near airports, bus terminals, train stations, and other open areas, while about one in four occurred near the vehicle owner’s home or a friend’s home.

Trust your instincts.

To ensure you have sufficient room to turn around, never get so close to a vehicle in front of you that you can’t see its back tires touching the road.

Never make eye contact with an assailant.

Not only is eye contact intimidating to an attacker because it represents a personal challenge, it also reminds him that he could be identified if he’s later caught by the police. He’s thus likely to become more violent.

Choose flight over fight.

Scream if someone tries to mug you or abduct you.

Scream “Fire!” You’ll get more attention that way.

Assume a tucked position to protect your body.

Protect your vital organs and major arteries by pulling your upper arms and elbows into your sides, thus guarding your heart and lungs, and cupping the palms of your hands over your ears, thereby covering the arteries in you neck and protecting your head and hearing.

Precautionary measures about putting your hands into someone’s pocket, or searching for an item in an area they can see such as behind a pillow, or under a mattress, inside of a purse, etc.

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

RESPONDING TO A CRITICAL INCIDENT

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Personal Space

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Use of Force in Self-Protection and Use of Force for the Protection of Other Persons

• • • • • Use of force justifiable for protecting of the person. The use of force upon another person is justifiable when the actor believes that such force is immediately for the purpose of protecting himself against the use of unlawful force by such other person on the present occasion.

Limitations on justifying necessity for use of force

Each State is different: Know The Law

The Castle Doctrine Stand Your Ground Law

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Thank You!

Questions?

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