Transcript SWELL

SWELL
Securing Water to Enhance Local
Livelihood
Association for
Water And Rural
Development
SWELL
Securing Water to Enhance Local
Livelihood
Intro to SWELL
SWELL is a CBP process that enable villagers, in
partnership with relevant stakeholders, to design plans for
improving their village water system, based on a critical
analysis and understanding of their water related problems,
needs and opportunities in their specific livelihood context.
Piloted in ward 16 of Bushbuckridge LM
SWELL
Securing Water to Enhance Local
Livelihood
RATIONALE FOR SWELL
 A different idea about village water
supply in villagers’ livelihood - ‘’An
integrated and holistic approach to
water supply and water management’’.
 These Multiple Use Systems are
required to fulfill villagers’ multiple
livelihood strategies around water.
 Need for an approach that considers
livelihoods into Municipal planning
processes (such as IDP)
SWELL
Securing Water to Enhance Local
Livelihood
PRINCIPLES OF SWELL
• The poorest and most vulnerable people
• Villagers as key actors of Swell
• Integrated approach towards water management
• Empowerment and capacity building
• Link with Municipal planning procedures
OVERVIEW OF SWELL
Phases
Outcomes
Preparation
+
Training
- Preparatory meetings with stakeholders
- Training of field team for Assessment
Assessment
+
Analysis
- Qualitative and quantitative assessment of
overall water situation
- Identification of needs and opportunities to
improve the village water systems
Synthesis
+
Planning
Inclusion of
projects in IDP
Implementation
- Design projects proposals based on assessment
synthesis
- Seeking for partnership with implementers
- Screening of project proposals
- Drafting of integrated programs
- Implementation of projects
- Monitoring by villagers and Ward committees
Water and Livelihood Security
Assessment
Framework and methods
1. Water services assessment at village level :
The study of water services (for multiple uses) focus on 4
interrelated parts:
RIDE Framework:
Water Resources availability
Management activities
Water Infrastructure status
(Water allocation, Operation &
Maintenance…)
Water Demand review
Various methods are used, including transect walk, time
line, focus group discussions etc
Water and Livelihood Security
Assessment
FRAMEWORK
2. Water & Livelihood Assessment at Household level:
Analysis of people’s livelihood in relation to water services
Our livelihood approach focuses on:
- Water and income generating activities
- Water and food production activities
- Awareness on policies, technologies
- Water uses and services (gender perspective)
Method: Household interviews and survey
 This will help in defining scenarios for improving water
services taking into account the local livelihood context.
Water and Livelihood Security
Assessment
FRAMEWORK AND METHOD
3. Problem Focused Assessment at village level
(Village synthesis)
1. Research feedback on assessment a village and
household level.
2. Collective analysis of problems (and causes) to access
water for domestic and productive uses and identifying the
needs for awareness raising.
Method: problem identification, prioritization, problem
statement writing, identification of possible solutions
Ward Synthesis – Planning for Water
• Ward Synthesis objective:
To develop plans for the improvement of water services and
ensure the inclusion of these plans in the IDP process
• Ward Synthesis process:
• Get stakeholders from different levels
and sectors to analyse problems
leading to water insecurity
•Identify possible and practical
solutions within the mandate of each
stakeholders
• Integration of these solutions into
sector plans
Experiences from Bushbuckridge
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First pilot in 1 village in 2003
Adaptation of methodology into ward level planning
approach
Tested in 7 villages of ward 16 of Bushbuckridge in
2004/2005
Plans developed and integrated into IDP and sector plans
Multi-stakeholder platform established to monitor progress
of plans
Experiences from Bushbuckridge
Findings at household level
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About half the interviewed households have water-related incomegenerating activities
Great variability between the villages
Low contribution to overall income; most comes from social grants or
remittances
Staple food production mostly rainfed, or bought
Poorest families either grow nutritious crops (vegetables) in backyard
gardens or don’t have access to those at all
Experiences from Bushbuckridge
Findings at household level
 Water security is currently one of the limiting
factor for backyard gardens and other
productive uses
 But, not the only limitation; also time, fencing,
skills, access to credit, etc
 Water security is closely related to technology at
household level and village water service
performance
 Little awareness on alternatives such as
rainwater harvesting
Experiences from Bushbuckridge
Findings at village level
 Unreliable functioning of water services
 No community management in place; still DWAF operators
 For most uses people rely on piped water; only for cattle
dams are used
 Little communication between different stakeholders
 No payment for water; no FBW; “free water”
 Payment to private water vendors when services are
broken down
Experiences from Bushbuckridge
Example of problem statement:
 “Most of villagers in Delani have backyard
gardens (and a community garden) but all
lack a proper infrastructure to be irrigated.
This translates into underutilized
opportunities for food security”
 This has been taken to the ward synthesis
leading to a problem tree:
PROBLEM TREE
LACK OF WATER SECURITY FOR
DOMESTIC AND PRODUCTIVE USES
Sharing
borehole with
other villages
not enough
water per turn
Engine
breakdown
regularly
Delay in fixing
engines
Low/poor
maintenance of
engines
Improper
operation of
engines
No return
valve from the
borehole
(improper
design)
Lack of / low
M&E of
operators
Insufficient
labour
(pbs with shifts)
Unreliable
diesel supply for
the community
borehole
Long walking
distances to fetch
water to other
villagers
Lack of water security for
domestic uses
Unauthorized
connections
and vandalism
Delayed
response to
maintenance
needs
Poor communication
between DWAF,
operators and
communities
Insufficient
water supply
by community
boreholes
Drilling of boreholes to
the various
communities without
groundwater
Inadequate
rain
Lack of dams for
livestock
Shortage of
tanks or
reservoirs
Lack of
authority
and
control
Dam full of mud and
sand due to erosion
Unauthorized
settlement
take water
Lack of
maintenance of
dam
Material
purchasing
procedure
Lack of clarity of
responsibilities on
maintenance
(transfer delayed)
No agreed
monitoring
team and
system at
village level
Lack of
awareness on
the
consequences
of illegal
connections
Not enough
groundwater
Lack of water security for livestock
Shortage of kreps (?)
for livestock
Boreholes not
functioning
Improper
agricultural
practices
upstream of dam
Lack of extension
services from
agricultural
officers
Poor services
from Department
of Agriculture
Some
boreholes not
equipped
despite
groundwater
No water
found
underground
Lack of common
understanding and
communication
between Agric. Dpt
and villagers about
status of boreholes
Strategy development
6 strategies were defined
 Investing in water storage infrastructure for multiple uses
 Investing in rain water harvesting technology for multiple
uses
 Create technical and institutional capacity for
maintenance and repair
 Define responsibility, accountability and communication
between all actors
 Developing awareness on water resources and
infrastructure
 Ensure emergency supply for water
Lessons learnt
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Many of the water-related problems are linked, requiring
an integrated approach
Addressing domestic water supply without considering
multiple uses leads to unsustainable services
A learning approach is needed to get stakeholders to plan
water services in an integrated way
Such process requires structured facilitation and a clear
methodology
Looking forward
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Need to build upon SWELL for a methodology for monitoring
by the multi-stakeholder platform
SWELL was meant to be for planning; now move towards
implementation and monitoring?
Interest from other areas/organisation in SWELL (e.g.
Sekororo in Maruleng LM; CARE South Africa and Lesotho;
MUS project in Zimbabwe)