Transcript Document
The Dance Hall by Vincent van Gogh ,1888 2 functional components: Pelvic girdle & bones of the free lower limb Body weight is transferred Vertebral column (Sacroiliac joints) Pelvic girdle (Hip joints) Femurs (L. femora) 3 longest and heaviest bone Transmits body weight from the hip bone to the tibia. Superior / Proximal end Shaft (Body) Inferior/ Distal end Superior (proximal) end of the femur Head Neck 2 trochanters Greater & Lesser intertrochanteric line intertrochanteric crest quadrate tubercle fovea capitis for lig.teres Superior (proximal) end of the femur Gluteal tuberosity Linea aspera Medial and lateral lips of linea aspera Medial and lateral supracondylar lines Pectineal line Superior (proximal) end of the femur Adductor tubercle Intercondylar fossa Medial and lateral condyles Medial and lateral epicondyles Medial and lateral femoral condyles Patellar surface TIBIA Located on the anteromedial side of the leg Second largest bone in the body Flares outward at both ends to provide an increased area for articulation and weight transfer. Proximal end of tibia widens to form medial & lateral condyles (1,2) flat superior articular surface tibial plateau (3) articular surfaces separated by intercondylar eminence (4) formed by 2 intercondylar tubercles medial and lateral (5,6) flanked by relatively rough anterior and posterior intercondylar areas (7,8) 5 4 6 Anterolateral view of left tibia Shaft of tibia Distal end of tibia medial malleolus Interosseous membrane unites the two leg bones. Inferiorly, the sharp border is replaced by fibular notch. PATELLA (Knee cap) Largest sesamoid bone (a bone formed within the tendon of a muscle) in the body and is formed within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle as it crosses anterior to the knee joint to insert on the tibia. The patella is triangular: Apex is pointed inferiorly for attachment to the patellar ligament, which connects the patella to the tibia. Base is broad and thick for the attachment of the quadriceps femoris muscle from above. Posterior surface articulates with the femur and has medial and lateral facets, lateral facet is larger than the medial facet for articulation with the larger corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the femur. Slender, lies posterolateral to the tibia No function in weight-bearing. Serves mainly for muscle attachment Head (& a pointed apex) Articulates with the fibular facet on the posterolateral, inferior aspect of the lateral tibial condyle. Neck Like the shaft of the tibia, 3 borders (anterior, interosseous, & posterior) 3 surfaces (medial, posterior, and lateral) Distal end enlarges, projects laterally & inferiorly lateral malleolus more prominent and posterior than the medial malleolus extends approximately 1 cm more distally. Tarsus (n=7) Metatarsus (n=5) Phalanges (n=14) "flat surface, especially for drying," 7 bones Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Navicular Three cuneiforms Only one bone, the talus, articulates with the leg bones. 18 TALUS (L., ankle bone) Head Neck Body Superior surface trochlea of the talus is gripped by the two malleoli and receives the weight of the body from the tibia. Talus transmits weight in turn, dividing it between the calcaneus, on which the body of talus rests, and the forefoot, via an osseoligamentous “hammock” Hammock (Spring ligament;Calcenonavicular ligament) Across a gap between sustentaculum tali and navicular bone, lies anteriorly. (L., heel bone) Largest and strongest bone in the foot Lateral surface of the calcaneus has fibular trochlea Sustentaculum tali shelf-like support of the head of the talus 24 (L., little ship) Flattened, boat-shaped bone Between head of the talus posteriorly & 3 cuneiforms anteriorly Medial surface projects inferiorly to form, navicular tuberosity Most lateral bone in the distal row of the tarsus Medial (1st) Intermediate (2nd) Lateral (3rd) Each cuneiform articulates with navicular posteriorly & base of its appropriate metatarsal anteriorly. Lateral cuneiform also articulates with the cuboid. METATARSUS (Anterior foot/distal foot) 5 metatarsals numbered from the medial side of the foot Metatarsals and phalanges located in anterior half (forefoot) Tarsals in the posterior half (hindfoot) 14 phalanges 1st digit (great toe) 2 phalanges (proximal and distal) Other four digits 3 phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal)