Transcript Slide 1

The Policies of Presidents
Hoover & Roosevelt
The Great Depression
Film Clip: Black Tuesday
The Postwar Economic Boom
• What do you see
here?
• What message does
the billboard send?
• Describe the area
surrounding the
billboard.
• When do you think
the billboard was
created?
• What irony is there in
this photograph?
• Describe what you
see.
• What building do
you see?
• Who are the people
on the ground? On
the building?
• What does this
represent about
stockbrokers during
this period?
• Where is this
occurring?
• What are the people
doing?
Herbert
Hoover
1929-1933
• Describe what you see
• Who does the sign blame for their problems?
• How does this make you feel towards Hoover?
Film Clip: Welcome to Hooverville
Election of 1928
Hoover (Republican) vs. Smith (Democrat)
• Hoover: Pro-business,
conservative, belief in the
individual, advocate of
small federal government,
Protestant-Laissez
• Smith: Democrat, propublic health, workers’
compensation, civil
liberties, government
control of some industries,
Catholic
• Hoover won!
• Voters believed prosperity
of the 1920s was because
of the Republican party
• 6 months after election the stock
market crashed = worst depression
in American History
Hoover Struggles with the Depression
Philosophy:
•Hoover opposed any form of
federal welfare, or direct relief to the
needy.
•Handouts would weaken a person’s
“moral fiber.” People had to help
themselves = Rugged Individualism
•Relief, he thought, should come
from private organizations.
•Hoover’s philosophy angered and
frustrated many suffering Americans.
Hoover’s Radio Address on
Unemployment Relief
No governmental action, no
economic doctrine, no economic
plan or project can replace that
God-imposed responsibility of
the individual man and woman to
their neighbors. That is a vital
part of the very soul of the
people. If we shall gain in this
spirit from this painful time, we
shall have created a greater and
more glorious America. The trial
of it is here now. It is a trial of the
heart and conscience, of
individual men and women. . . .
(October 18, 1931)
1. Who does Hoover believe
should help Americans
during the Depression?
2. Why do you think he
believes this?
3. What “painful time” is he
talking about?
4. Imagine you are
unemployed as a result
of the Great Depression.
What are your feelings
towards this statement?
Who did Hoover try to help?
• By helping the wealthy, it was believed that
financial health would trickle-down to help
people at the bottom
• Known as Trickle Down Economics
• This theory did not work. Businesses used
the extra money to improve their
businesses instead of helping the workers.
Who did Hoover try to help?
• Hawley-Smoot Tariff
– Highest protective tariff in the U.S.
– Designed to protect American
farmers and business from foreign
competition.
• Pair-Share: What was a negative
effect of this tariff?
•It had the opposite effect – world
trade fell 40%
Who did Hoover try to help?
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation
– $2 billion for emergency financing for banks,
life insurance companies, railroads and
other large businesses.
– Believed the $ would trickle-down to the
average citizen through job growth and
higher wages.
– Too little, too late
Who did Hoover try to help?
• Construction of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
– $700 million public works program
The Bonus Army
• In 1932, thousands of WWI veterans marched
into Washington D.C. demanding their bonuses
• The bonuses were not to be paid off until 1945,
but they wanted their bonuses immediately
• The Patman Bill would have given the army their
bonuses immediately; it did not pass
• Hoover decided to forcibly remove the war
veterans by using tear gas
– Many people were injured, 2 killed
Anti-Hoover Sentiment
• Americans grew more and more frustrated by the
depression as time passed
• Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at a loss
• As an insult to the president, shantytowns were dubbed
“Hoovervilles, ” and newspapers that were used to keep
warm were called “Hoover Blankets.”
• Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was now
seen as a cold and heartless leader.
Hoover’s Legacy
• Hoover could not effectively deal with the
Depression.
• He was viewed as uncaring and
unsympathetic towards the sufferings of
Americans
• This would eventually lead to his losing the
election of 1932 to Franklin Delano
Roosevelt
Election of 1932
• The Republicans re-nominated
President Hoover as their
candidate, yet they were aware
they had little chance of
winning.
• The Democrats nominated
Franklin Delano Roosevelt,
FDR, a two term governor of
New York.
• Roosevelt won the presidency
by capturing nearly 23 million
votes over Hoover 16 million
votes.
• In the Senate, Democrats
claimed a 2/3 majority and in
the House they won almost ¾
of the seats.
Roosevelt won the election by a landslide
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt
1933-1945
FDR Becomes President
The Rise of FDR
• 1910 Senator
• Assistant Secretary of
the Navy
• 1921 Stricken with Polio
and became paralyzed
• 1928 Governor of New
York
The New Deal: What was it?
Roosevelt’s plan for fixing the Great
Depression:
“The New Deal”
• Focus on helping Americans
by offering the 3 R’s:
–Relief
–Recovery
–Reform
Relief
• The government
will give direct
help or relief to
those who are
suffering
• Examples: food,
clothing, shelter
Recovery
• The government will provide jobs to help Americans
recover from the Depression.
Reform
• The government will
regulate (make rules)
for business
• No more laissez faire
Pair-Share
1. Who are the two
men shown in the
cartoon?
2. Who does the
caption refer to?
3. What is the
author’s opinion
about FDR’s New
Deal plan?
Roosevelt’s
Actions
1. Gave “Fireside Chats” to calm people over the
depression
2. Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix
the Depression (Brain Trust)
FDR’s First Fireside Chat
Close Power Point and play Audio-Clip
The Bank Holiday
• On March 5--the day after being sworn into office-Roosevelt stepped into the breach and declared a "bank
holiday," which, for four days forced the closure of the
nation's banks and halted all financial transactions.
• The "holiday" not only helped stem the frantic run on
banks, but gave Roosevelt time to push the Emergency
Banking Act through the legislative chain.
• Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the
president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings and
"foreign transactions."
• The legislation also paved the path for solvent banks to
resume business as early as March 10.
• Three short days later nearly 1,000 banks were up and
running again
Film Clip: “Packing the Court”
Pair-Share
•What are possible
criticisms of the New
Deal?
Wrap-Up Activity
Who said it?
• Directions:
• A quote from either Hoover or Roosevelt
will be displayed on the board.
• A student will be randomly selected.
• If you guess which President said the
quote, you will get extra credit points!
Who Said It?
“I'm not the smartest
fellow in the world, but I
Roosevelt
can sure pick smart
colleagues..”
Who Said It?
“No governmental action, no economic
doctrine, no economic plan or project can
replace that God-imposed responsibility of
the individual man and woman to their
neighbors. That is a vital part of the very
soul of the people. If we shall gain in this
spirit from this painful time, we shall have
created a greater and more glorious
America. The trial of it is here now. It is a
trial of the heart and conscience, of
individual men and women. . . .”
Hoover
Who Said It?
“It is common sense to
take a method and try it.
Roosevelt
If it fails, admit it frankly
and try another. But
above all, try something.”
Who Said It?
“It is just as important that
business keep out of
government
as that
Hoover
government keep out of
business”
Who Said It?
“No Special Session is necessary to
deal with employment. The sense of
voluntary organization and
community service in the American
people has not vanished. The spirit of
voluntary service has been strong
enough to cope with the problem for
the past year and it will, I am
confident, continue in full measure of
the need.”
Hoover
Who Said It?
“But while they prate of
economic laws, men and
womenRoosevelt
are starving. We
must lay hold of the fact that
economic laws are not made
by nature. They are made by
human beings.”
Who Said It?
“Blessed are the young for
they shall
inherit the
Hoover
national debt”
Who Said It?
“Any practice of business which
would dominate the country by its
own selfish interest is a destruction
of equality of opportunity.
Hoover
Government in business, except in
emergency, is also a destruction of
equal opportunity and the
incarnation of tyranny through
bureaucracy”