Transcript - AIHA - American Industrial Hygiene Association

Portable High Efficiency Air
Filtration (PHEAF) Device
Field Testing and Validation
Standard
ANSI/IESO Standard 4310-2009
WHERE ARE HEPA FILTERS
USED?
Whenever we need to move
contaminated air without the contamination
coming along for the ride
ASBESTOS, LEAD AND
MICROBIAL REMEDIATION . . .
AFDs
& HEPA Vacuums
MERCURY SPILL CLEAN UP,
RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES
Q u ic k T im e ™ a n d a
TI FF ( Un c o m p r e s s e d ) d e c o m p r e s s o r
a r e n e e d e d t o s e e t h is p ic t u r e .
AFDs
& HEPA Vacuums
HEPA FILTERS
HEPA filters are designed to be 99.97 efficient
at 0.3 micron size particles
But what happens to that efficiency when you
place that filter into a portable filtration device?
They are no longer HEPA efficient !
1. They leak at the edges
2. They leak at the seals
3. They loose their seal
during movement
4. They get micro holes
5. They grow stuff
RESEARCH
SHOWING ACTUAL PARTICLE
LEAKAGE
PHEAF DEVICE SHOWING NO LEAKAGE
PHEAF DEVICE SHOWING A LITTLE LEAKAGE
PHEAF DEVICE SHOWING SOME LEAKAGE
PHEAF DEVICE SHOWING WORRISOME LEAKAGE
HISTORY
The first call for a “in field” testing and
certification standard for portable HEPA filtered devices
appeared in an article in Outlook magazine in 1990.
That was almost 20 years ago.
HISTORY
Since 1990, the cost and portability of the
particle counting equipment required for “in field”
testing and certification has significantly decreased.
This equipment is now within the price range for
large contractors or for consultants to test equipment
as part of their oversight of an abatement
or remediation project.
HAND-HELD PARTICLE COUNTERS
LIGHTHOUSE
KANOMAX
MET ONE
IQAir
FLUKE
HOW CRITICAL IS PHEAF DEVICE
TESTING?
• Only the HEPA filters are “certified”
•Testing is done by a 3rd party
• PHEAF device manufacturers do not test or
certify the complete device
• There is no standard that requires testing or
certification of the complete device
WHY SHOULD WE TEST THEM ?
CURRENT DOE EXPERIENCE
Replacement HEPA filter testing
prior to installation into the HEPA device
by the Dept. of Energy showed a
20% failure rate of the filters alone
1 IN 5 NEW FILTERS
WAS NOT HEPA EFFICIENT !
ACTUAL TESTING EXPERIENCE
1.HEPA filtered equipment contamination
of a mold remediation
2. HEPA filtered equipment leaked on an
asbestos abatement
3. Testing of numerous pieces of
contractor equipment showed significant
leakage (shown in std. appendix)
SECONDARY ISSUE
Inability to adequately clean a
PHEAF device when installing
a new HEPA filter
(The Kick Test)
DOE performs in field certification of
all HEPA filtered devices
because of their experience of
significant failure rates and
leakage problems
every time the equipment is moved
(USING AEROSOL GENERATION)
Portable High Efficiency Air
Filtration (PHEAF) Device
Field Testing and Certification
Interim Standard
ANSI/IESO Standard 4310-2009
2. Scope
This standard applies to
Portable High Efficiency Air Filtration Devices.
(PHEAF Devices)
This would include vertical and horizontal portable
air filter devices, movable vacuums,
hand held vacuums, and other filtered suction devices
used for cleaning surfaces for the purposes of
removing dust, dirt, mold, asbestos, lead and
other undesired particulate environmental contaminants.
What standard exist related to testing and
certification of HEPA devices?
3. Filter Testing and Certification Standards
1. ASTM F1471 - 09 Standard Test Method for Air Cleaning
Performance of a High-Efficiency Particulate Air- Filter System.
2. ASHRAE Standard 52.2-2007 : Method of Testing General
Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by
Particle Size
3. DOE-STD-3020-97 : Dept. of Energy, Specification for HEPA
filters used by DOE Contractors
4. EN 1822-1:1998 : High efficiency air filters (HEPA and
ULPA). Classification, performance testing, marking.
5. JIS Z 8909-1 Test method of filter media for dust collection.
What standard should PHEAF devices
be tested to?
ASHRAE 52.2 - Method of Testing General
Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for
Removal Efficiency by Particle Size
THIS IS THE STANDARD THAT
ESTABLISHES MERV RATINGS
FOR AIR FILTERS
MERV RATINGS
Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value
(range from 1-16 and are
measured in microns)
The PHEAF Device Standard uses
these ASHRAE MERV efficiencies
to establish the
in field testing and
validation criteria
4. Terminology
Class 5 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates as a fully effective and functional air
filter, meeting all the filter efficiency requirements of
a HEPA filter. (MERV 17)
This class of PHEAF device shall be required for
all work in hospitals, in other environments
where the PHEAF device discharges into the
general air space of the building
(and for vacuums used outside containment
for contaminants such as mercury?)
Class 4 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates at a level equivalent to a
99% efficient filter.
This class of PHEAF device shall be required for
all work in commercial buildings or in
other environments where the unit discharges
into the air space of the building
(and for vacuums used outside containment
for contaminants such as mold and asbestos?)
Class 3 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates at a level equivalent to
a MERV 16 filter. (Approx 95% efficient)
This class of PHEAF device can be used for
environmental contaminant filtering and/or
air scrubbing within a containment,
provided the containment is under negative pressure and
discharges to the outside air.
Class 2 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates at a level equivalent to
a MERV 15 filter. (Approx 90% efficient)
This class of PHEAF device shall be the
minimum class that is required for
portable vacuums that can be used to clean up
small, uncontained mold or asbestos releases.
Class 1 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates at a level equivalent to
a MERV 14 filter.
This class of PHEAF device can be used for
environmental filtering / air scrubbing,
within a containment, provided the containment
is under negative pressure and discharges
to the outside air.
Class 0 device - A portable high efficiency air filtration
device that operates at a level equivalent to
a MERV 13 filter.
This class of PHEAF device can be used to provide general
exhaust or negative pressure within a
contained area when it discharges to the outside air.
This class of portable hand vacuums can discharge into a
contained area that is under negative pressure and
from which the air is exhausted to outside of the building.
Table # 1 : Device Classification by Percent Reduction of
Incoming versus Discharge Particle Counts by Particle Size
Classification
MERV *
Particle size
(in microns)
0.3
0.5
0.7
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
10.0
Class 5 Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class 0
17
NA
16
15
14
13
MINIMUM MEASURED PERCENT FILTER EFFICIENCY
99.97
99.97
99.97
99.97
99.97
99.97
99.97
99.97
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
95
95
95
95
95
95
99
99
85
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
75
80
85
90
90
90
90
90
75
75
75
80
85
90
90
90
*This table is based on ratings interpolated from ASHRAE 52.2 -2007 MERV for air filters.
GRAPH 1.
I. Reporting and Determining Efficiency Class
The percent efficiency for each particle size range
for the unit shall be compared to the percent
removal efficiencies in Table 1 or Graph 1 and
recorded on the form in Appendix A.
A data point that falls between two classes
should be rounded down to the lower class.
The lowest class recorded for all the
size ranges measured will be the
designated efficiency class for the unit.
H. Calculation and Interpreting of Results
Test measurement data shall be recorded on the form
in Appendix A. The percent particle count reduction
(percent efficiency) for each particle size range shall be
calculated using the equation below and also recorded
on this form.
1-
Discharge particle concentration
__________________________
Incoming particle concentration
x 100 = % reduction in particle
size concentration
APPENDIX A
PHEAF Device Testing Data Collection Form
Device Data
Device Description ___________________________ Mfgr _____________________
Unit ID # __________________ Owner ____________________________________
Other Info _____________________________________________________________
Test Event Data
Date _____________________ Test Administrator ___________________________
Location of Test ________________________ Temperature _______ RH _______
Particle Counter Model # ___________ Particle Counter Mfgr. __________________
Date of Calibration ____________________ Method __________________________
Background Airborne Particle Data
Size range
(in microns)
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average (Bave)
(B1) (B2)
(B3)
(B1 + B2 + B3 / 3)
0.3
___________
___________
___________
___________
0.5
___________
___________
___________
___________
1.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
2.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
5.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
10.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
Test Results at Exhaust of Unit
Size range
(in microns)
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Average (Tave)
(T1) (T2)
(T3)
(T1 + T2 + T3 / 3)
0.3
___________
___________
___________
___________
0.5
___________
___________
___________
___________
1.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
2.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
5.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
10.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
Unit Evaluation
Size range
Background
Unit Test
Efficiency
(in microns)
Ave. (Bave)
Ave. (Tave)
1-(Tave/Bavex100)
Maximum
Class Rating*
0.3
___________
___________
___________
___________
0.5
___________
___________
___________
___________
1.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
2.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
5.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
10.0
___________
___________
___________
___________
* See Table 1 or Graph 1 for Minimum Particle Efficiencies for Different Classes of Portable High
Efficiency Air Filtration Devices (Round down to lower class when data is between two classes)
Overall Classification of Device (minimum rating above) __________________
Comments ______________________________________________________
However, a rating under this
method may not be the same
as the aerosol method.
STANDARDS FOR TESTING HEPA FILTERS
Standard
Challenge Concentration
Aerosol Equip.
100 µg/l
100 mg/m3
ASHRAE 52.2 16.3 x 109 p/ft3 70 mg/m3
ASTM F1471
EU 1822
7.0 x 109 p/ft3 30 mg/m3
3.52 x 107 p/ft3 0.15 mg/m3
STANDARDS FOR TESTING HEPA FILTERS
Standard
Acceptable Leakage
(1- 99.97%= 0.03%)
Aerosol Equip.
0.03 µg/m3
ASHRAE 52.2 4.89 x 105 p/ft3 0.021 µg/m3
ASTM F1471
2.1 x 105 p/ft3 0.009 µg/m3
EU 1822
1.05 x 103 p/ft3 0.00045 µg/m3
Consultants in Northern California
in the San Francisco Bay area
have been specifying
mandatory testing
of PHEAF devices
(using aerosol generation)
on asbestos abatement projects
for the past 3 years.
TYPICAL TESTING RESULTS
IF YOUR EQUIPMENT FAILS
• a leak in the seal against the filter housing
(bead of silicone caulk can often fix it)
• physically-damaged HEPA filter - small hole
(dab of silicone caulk can fill it)
• degraded HEPA filter (oil mist suspect)
(may have to replace the HEPA filter)
• there may be a design flaw in the equipment
QUESTIONS ?
And Hands-On
Exercise