Transcript One vision. Global competitiveness.

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“Nanotech 101” for Foresters –
What does the future hold?
Alberta Professional Foresters
21st Annual General Meeting
Jim Dangerfield
Executive Vice President
June 25, 2009
Edmonton, Alberta
NSF Expert Panel
“The effect of nanotechnology on the health,
wealth and standard of living for people in
this century could be at least as significant as
the combined influences of microelectronics,
medical imaging, computer aided engineering
and man-made polymers developed in the
past century”.
What is a Nanometer?
Mountain
1 km
1000 m
0.001 km = 1 m
Child
1m
Ant
1 mm
0.001 m
1,000 mm = 1 m
Bacteria
1 µm
0.000001 m
1,000,000 µm = 1 m
Sugar Molecule
1 nm
0.000000001 m
1,000,000,000 nm = 1 m
Origins of Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology in Nature
Optical Efficiency in ultra-thin Structures
and Nanocellulose
Nanotechnology in Art
Buckminster Fullerene – C60
Nanotubes
Nanotubes
Nanoropes
Is the nano-world different?
The nanoworld
Classical Mechanics
(Everyday Physics)
Quantum Mechanics
(Wave Physics)
0.1
1
10
100
Length Scale (nm)
1000
Nano changes physical properties
Nano changes colour
Bulk Gold = Yellow
Nanogold = Red
Nano changes colour
Nano changes opacity
Nano changes opacity
Nano changes adherence
Nano changes strength
Nano changes strength
Properties of Cellulose Nanofibrils Relative to Metallic and Polymeric Materials
MATERIAL
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Elasticity Modulus (GPa)
10 000
150
1280
210
Aluminium alloys 380 and LM6b
330
71
Zirconiac
240
150
Cellulose nanofibrils
302 Stainless steela
Aluminium with 20% particulate
SiCd
121
593
Low-density polyethylenee
9
0.25
Nylon 6/6 30% glass filledd
186
9
0/90/ ±45 carbon in epoxyf
503
65
Nano changes porosity
Nano kills cancer
Cell
light
+
Cell death
Nanoshell BNC
Closeup of nanoshell binding
to carcinoma surface
oncoproteins
Carcinoma cells
Nanoshell BNCs +
near IR light =
Carcinoma cell
death
Tumor capillary
“Leaky” endothelium
Nano in the everyday world
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Over 1.5 Trillion Tonnes/Year
Cellulose
Origin of Forest Sector Nanotechnology
crystalline region
microfibril :
amorphous region
acid hydrolysis
H2SO4
TEM image of cotton nanocrystals
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Smallest physical subunit
of cellulose
Crystallite dimensions,
200 nm long, 10 nm wide
NCC Extraction
• Any cellulose source can be used
• Separated fines or vessel elements could
be converted to a high value NCC stream
• The hydrolyzate can be used as a sugar
source for ethanol production
Native Cellulose NanoCrystals
Species
Diameter
Length
SW1
3-5
180 +/- 75
HW2
5
150 +/- 65
Tunicate2
10-20
100 - 2000
Valonia2
10 - 20
> 1000
Cotton1
7
100 - 300
Bacteria2
5-10 X 30-50
100 - 2000
Algae
> 20
2000
1. Gray, Chem Eur, 2001. 2. Gray, Biomac, 2005.
Nano changes physical properties
1%
5%
7%
100%
Nano changes adherence
Gecko
NCC
Nano changes colour
Nano changes colour
Achieved: Mixed NCC suspensions
Only 2 NCC suspensions are needed to generate
any intermediate colour
Targeted applications:
• cosmetics
• ink
• coloured films on solid support
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Nanocrystalline Cellulose
Achieved: Strong flexible films with tunable colour
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
With Nanocrystalline cellulose : A new highly filled “paper” sheet
NCC
NCC layer
density: 1.6 g/cm3
glossy and iridescent
glossy, white
Nanoclay
RMS roughness=2.1nm
50% NCC+50% nanoclay, NCC side
Gloss: 75.2%
Nanoclay layer
density: 2.6 g/cm3
RMS roughness=24.7nm
50% NCC+50% nanoclay, Nanoclay side
Gloss: 42.5%
NCC in paints
• NCC forms natural flakes
• Mica flakes are used in
paints
• Mica flakes sell for
$8000/t
• P&G interested in
replacing mica flakes
with NCC
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Enhancing wood properties using nanotechnology
A surface hardening process
• Surface hardness improved up to 40%
• Will maintain the current product price level for
the next 5 years
Plasma technologies for Wood Products present
potential for new properties
• Outdoor uses
• Non-Residential applications
• Cutting tools
Hydrophobic wood surface
Mechanical Properties
Material
Tensile strength
GPa
Modulus
GPa
cellulose crystal
7.51
1452
Glass fiber
4.8
86
Aluminum wire
0.62
73
Steel wire
4.1
207
Graphite whisker
21
410
11-63
270-970
Carbon nanotubes3
1.
2.
3.
Marks, Cell wall mechanics of tracheids 1967
Sturcova, et al. (2005) Biomacromol. 6, 1055
Yu, et al Science (2000) 287, 637
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Combining Carbon Nanotubes with Nanocrystalline
Cellulose?
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
are used in baseball bats,
tennis racquets, and some
car parts because of their
greater mechanical strength
at less weight per unit
volume than that of
conventional materials.
Electronic properties of
CNTs have made them a
candidate for flat panel
displays in TVs, batteries,
and other electronics.
Nanotubes for various uses
can be made of materials
other than carbon.
Using the Forest Resource in New Ways
Combining
Carbon Nanotubes
with
Nanocrystalline
Cellulose?
Save the Planet – Grow More Trees – Use More Wood
Thank You
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