Transcript Document
Pre-Romanticism / Romanticism Dates: c. 1780s / 1800 - c. 1850 • • • • • • • • • • • • • Art of Feeling Early Artists - Francisco de Goya, William Blake, Henry Fuseli Rebelling against the neoclassical age of reason Jean Jacques Rousseau - Primal man, human nature, break free of chains Leading artists: Gericault and Delacroix (French) Based on: intuition, emotion, and imagination Influence: Sublime, medieval and romantic tales, poems, baroque eras, middle and far east Tone: subjective, spontaneous, non-conformist, broke rules Color: unrestrained, deep, rich shades, reds, lots of contrast Subjects: legends, exotica, nature, violence, contemporary history Genres: narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals Technique: quick brushstrokes, strong light and shade, contrast Composition: use of the diagonal, unstable, chaotic, dynamic, real, energetic brush, impact of color, elevation of contemporary and exotic subject matter, “Orientalism”, pursuit of passion, Francisco de Goya,1746-1828 (Spanish) Family of Charles IV, 1800 • • • • • • Rococo painter Early Court Portraits Court painter Tapestry Cartoons Man without and Ism” Velasquez “Las Meninas”, 1628 • Mockery of royalty • Painter of the pueblo • Ilustrado (enlightened) Goya, Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters Los Caprichos series, 1797 - 1800 • 80 Etchings • Satirical prints • Public vs. private world • Vices Goya, They say yes and give their hand to the first comer, 1798 / You who cannot, 1798 Goya, The Disasters of War, 1810-1820 Spain’s war with France Printed 35 years after death Goya, Executions of the 3rd of May, 1808, 1814 • French Invasion • Madrilenos resistance • Ferdinand VII Patron • Resistance • Principe Pio (hill) • Effects of War • Brushstroke • Light • Focal point Goya, Chronos Devouring one of his children, 1820 • Quinta del Sordo (Deaf’s Mans’ House) • Black Paintings (Name by Art Historians) Goya, Goat, 1823 • Named by his children • Goat - devil • Witches Sabbath William Blake (1757-1827), Ancient of Days, 1794 • English Romantic Poet, Painter, Illustrator • Engraver • Engravings • Watercolor • Subjects • Religion • History • Mythology Blake, Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in the Sun, 1806-9 • • • • • • Satan Woman = Church Book of Revelations Inspired Harris Novel Conflict Sublime Blake, America: A Prophecy, 1793 History U.S. and France Freedom from British Monarchy Henry Fuseli (1741-1825), (Swiss) The Nightmare, 1781 • England • Father - Portrait painter • Priest • Studied Michelangelo • Fantasy, Sublime • Freud • Mara - N. Mythology • Incubus Fuseli, Nightmare (2 versions), 1781, 1802 Fuseli, The Night-Hag Visiting the Lapland Witches, 1796 from: John Milton’s Paradise Lost Percival Delivering Belisane from the Enchantment of Urma, 1783 • King Arthur’s Knights • Maiden • Urma - Wizard • Invented scene Gericault, Raft of the Medusa, 1818-19 (French) • “Official” Founder of movement • Contemporary History • French colonialists to Senegal • Primal Emotions • Anatomical Studies Studies Gericault, Insane Woman, 1822-23 The Woman with Gambling Mania, 1822 England Etienne Georget, Psychiatrist Study of Physiognomy Gericault, Man with Delusions 1819-22 Portrait of a kleptomaniac, 1819-22 Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, 1826 • Student of Guerin & Gericault • 2nd Leader • Salon shows • Outspoken • Byron Play • Orientalism • Assyrian • Imagination • Chaos, drama • Heightened emotion • Rubenite (color) • Vignette Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830 French Revolution Proletariat working class Contemporary History Delacroix, Massacre at Scio, 1824 • Greeks Vs. Turks • War of Independence • Sickness & despair • Before Massacre Delacroix, Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi, 1827 •Emblematic •Greek suicide •Freedom Romantic Landscape Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840, German) Abbey in the Oak Forest, 1809-10 •Jean Jacques Rousseau •Cistercian Abbey •Near Artist’s home •Universal Spirit •Temples •Altarpieces •Death/desolation •Destruction of time •Unity/harmony •Sublime Cloister Graveyard in the Snow, 1810 Friedrich, Wanderer, , Moonrise over the Sea, 1817 •Nostalgia •Sublime •Moods –Isolation –Loneliness •Modern Man Joseph Mallord Turner, 1175-1851, (English) Burning of the Houses of Lord and Commons, October 16, 1834, 1835 • Abstract • Elements • Power earth, fire, water, air • Observation • Layers of pure color • “painterly” Turner, Rain, Steam, and Speed - The Great Western Railway, 1844 • Technology vs. Nature • Industrial Revolution • Elements • Power • Calmness/order • Abstract Turner, Slave Ship, 1838 •Contemporary events •Slaves thrown overboard •Insurance •Turner’s Style? John Constable, The Haywain, 1821 • Stayed close to home • Skying • Teacher/Critic • Meteorologist • Nostalgia • Industrialization Constable, Hadleigh Castle, Mouth of Thames, Morning after a storm, 1829 • Decay • Loss • Sentimentality AMERICAN ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE PAINTING Thomas Cole (1801-48), View of Mt. Holyoke, Northampton, MA, after a thunderstorm (The Oxbow), 1836 English “Hudson River School” East Coast Preservation Transcendentalism Manifest Destiny Moral/religious Cole, Course of the Empire, 1836 Savage Arcadian Consummation Destruction Desolation Bierstadt, Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868 Elements of Romantic landscape paintings? Frederick Church (1826-1900), Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860 • Connecticut • Constructed Landscape • Student of Cole • Travels to capture Virgin land • Divine light • Pre-Civil war Church, Heart of the Andes, 1824 • Columbia • Ecuador • Peru George Inness, The Lackawanna Valley, 1855 • Pennsylvania • Signs of Invasion • Manifest Destiny Neoclassicism / Romanticism compare/contrast Elizabeth Vigee-Lebrun (1755-1842), Portrait of Marie Antoinette with her Children, 1787 • Guiard and David’s Rival • Father portrait painter • French Royal Academy + Academy of St. Luke • Court Painter • 900 paintings • Rubenite • Personal friend of Queen • Ideal Queen and Mother • “Virtuous Women” • Combat negative press • References to deceased child • Never publicly displayed Vigee-Lebrun, Self Portrait 1790, Self Portrait with Daughter, 1786 • 40 self-portraits • Artistic success • Aristocrats • Aligned politically with upper classes • 12 years in exile • Austria and Russia