Transcript Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes
1746-1828
Goya created
• About 500 oil paintings
• 280 lithographs and etchings (and he used
the most modern methods)
• Nearly a thousand drawings
His life can be divided into four stages:
• Until 1793 – slow rise to maturity
• 1793 – illness that left him deaf and
released pent up creative forces within him
• 1808 – Napoleonic invasion and Goya’s
responses to the war.
• 1819 – a second illness, he retires to the
Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings
First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons
• Produced for the Royal
Tapestry Factory (Charles III)
• Rococo tendencies in nature
and pose of figures
• Girl seems to stare at spectator,
giving a sense of realism
• Clothing implies social class
• Relationship between the two?
• Parasol?
• General impression?
Blind Man´s Bluff --1789
Etchings after Velázquez
Las meninas 1773
Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an
Impenitent -- 1788
• “The most sharply accurate
vision of the collapse of the
great religious and monarchic
traditions of the West”
• Turning point: first use of the
fantastic
• Emphasis on sinner’s naked
body, expression
• Restless agony vs. pious zeal
• Rejection of idealized concept
of expression (Neoclassicism)
• Emphasis on extremes
Portraits
• Rich clothing
• All the insignias of
royalty, powdered
wig
• Face? Impression?
• Critique?
Charles IV -- 1789
Queen María Luisa -- 1789
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Rich royal clothing
Royal insignias
Hair and hat?
Face?
Personality?
Attitude of Goya
towards her?
The Straw Mannequin -- 1791
Second Stage, after losing his
hearing
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Yard of lunatics – 1793
Images of madness
Enclosure
Continuation of tendency
begun with Saint Francis
of Borgia
Alienation and despair
Movement
Use of light
Chaotic jumble of bodies
The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799
• Series of 82 etchings
• Satirizing all aspects of
society:
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Aristocracy
Church
Greed
Prostitution
Marriage
Folly
Cruelty
Etc.
Descendant of donkeys
Love and Death
Caprice 43
•Marks a change in the
series
•The Sleep/Dream of
Reason Produces
Monsters
•Neoclassical or
Romantic?
•The sublime
•Nightmare visions
1808 – 1814 Napoleon and the
War of Independence
The 3rd of May, 1808
The 3rd of May, 1808
• Conformity of soldiers,
power conveyed by
abstract shape
• Victims cover their eyes,
pray
• Center: man with
outstretched arms =
crucifixion
• Concentration of light,
color on man
The disasters of the war
•Set of 82 etchings
•Realities of war:
•Violence
•Savagery
•Rape
•murder
The Colossus – between 18081812
• Ambiguity of giant
– Ignorant, arrogant prince?
(Ferdinand VII)
• Mountains= the powerful
• Donkey=nobility
– Hercules who rises up
against Napoleon?
– Buried to above the knees
– Back to spectator
– Closed eyes
Ferdinand VII
• El deseado (1814)
• Period of absolutism
(1814-1820), persecution
of liberals
• 1820-1823 constitutional
monarchy (Intervention of
100,000 Sons of Saint
Louis)
• 1823-1833 Ominous
Decade
Disparates or Proverbs (18161823)
• Not published until
1864
• Last great series of
etchings
• Gives himself up to
the irrational,
nocturnal, fantastic,
grotesque and
terrifying
Disparate del miedo [fear}
Los ensacados [In sacks]
The Inquisition -- 1816
Black Paintings– 1820-1823
The witches’ Sabbath
Dog on a leash or
Dog fighting against
the current
Fight with Cudgels
Stephen
Mark
The Milkmaid from Bordeaux
• Goya in exile in
Bordeaux
• Girl has a melancholy,
dreamy, far away gaze
• Color: greens and
blues
• Influence on
Impressionists