Transcript Using k-d Trees for Robust 3D Point Pattern Matching
Moderator’s visit to BHC December 2004 (Revised January 2005)
Horst Holstein (PhD)
Department of Computer Science University of Wales Aberystwyth
Where we are
Map by Roderick I Murchison, 1792-1871, (accessed 19 Jan 05) http://www.davidrumsey.com/maps4854.html
University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK
The Final Year Project BIS306
Scientific report organization
Bibiliography
Originality
Contents
Scientific report format
– –
Reference:
http//seg.org/publications/geophysics/writing.shtml
(date of access: 19 Jan 2005) A scientific report shares many of the characteristics of a scientific paper. The above reference is adapted here for report writing
Scientific report format
Although the following is aimed at good practice for report writing, you may regard this also as a Guide for Reading a scientific paper Writing a scientific paper
General Write to inform, not to impress
General Make clear your thesis
It must be evident to the reader that there is a point of view to defend – this is why your report was written, and that is why a reader might be interested to read it.
Organization
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods Results Discussion
Conclusion
The sections may have other labels, but these sections should be identifyable and follow in order
.
Organization
How do we approach the reading of a report/paper?
Generally we want to first establish whether it is relevant, and then, whether we want to read it in depth.
Good organisation on the part of the author helps the reader quickly to establish relevance to the reader.
Organization
The reader will probably assess the relevance of the work by looking at
– Abstract – Conclusion – Introduction
As an author, ensure these sections convey the necessary information
Title
The Title is a label, not a sentence.
Implementing a rapid web application development using the example of a digital rent-a-car business Web-based car rental
Abstract
(most read!) The Abstract in published works is often quoted out of context in abstracting journals. Next to the title, it is the most widely read part of the work.
The Abstract must give a stand-alone summary of the work.
Abstract
(most read!) 200-300 words The abstract must not simply list the topics covered in the paper, but should 1.
state the scope and principal objectives of the research, 2.
3.
4.
describe the methods used, summarize the results, and state the principal conclusions.
Abstract
(most read!) The abstract should not reflect intentions, but should state what has been done, and indicate limitations, e.g. system designed but not implemented; software implemented but not tested; survey not verified by data survey data collected, but found to lack statistical significance
Introduction
(setting the scene) Tell readers why they should want to read what follows. (viewpoint!) Provide sufficient background information for readers to understand and evaluate the results. – Do not rederive established results or indulge in other needless repetition.
Introduction
The introduction should present the nature and scope of the problem review the pertinent literature, within reason describe the method of investigation describe the principal results (and limitations!) of the investigation.
WHAT consclusions??
Introduction
WHAT methods??
Avoid the comic strip approach: – “Read on, dear reader, to see what happens in this exciting story”.
Avoid statements like – – Chapter 3 discusses the methods Chapter 6 gives the conclusions You must spoil the fun, and reveal now (summarise) what the nature of methods, and conclusions, are.
Methods
(how) The methodology employed should be in sufficient detail to allow duplication of results. More detailed items (e.g., heavy maths, critical code) are often best placed in appendices. Include a table of symbols (acronyms, etc.) Place all code, executables and test results in an appended CD – Not part of the assessed work, but might be referenced in case of doubt, or future development
Results
Contains applications of the methodology described above. Present results of experiments (logical, physical or computational) as tables or figures and analyses.
Results
When possible, include an example of data to illustrate the technology or concept being proposed.
Results
Selective presentation of results is important. Redundancy should be avoided, The Results section may well be the short in relation to other sections.
Discussion and conclusions
(was my thesis upheld?) Often, scientists hesitate to impose their interpretations and conclusions on the reader, especially those that pertain to the significance of the results.
However, without such interpretations and conclusions, readers can only wonder why they read the paper.
Discussion and conclusions
(was my thesis upheld?) 1.
2.
Principles, relationships, and generalizations inferred from the results (but not a repetition of the results) Any exceptions to or problems with these principles, relationships, and generalizations, as indicated by the results
Discussion and conclusions
(was my thesis upheld?) 3.
4.
5.
Agreements or disagreements with previously published work Theoretical implications and possible practical applications of the work Conclusions drawn (especially regarding significance), with a summary of the evidence for each conclusion.
Critical Evaluation
(how well did I meet my targets?) o o o The aim of your work should have been stated in the Introduction, and possibly elsewhere (e.g. requirements section) Your achievement should be stated in the Results section.
o The Critical Evaluation compares the two.
could in be a subsection of Discussion and Conclusions, or a section in its own right.
Writing an Abstract
This takes experience.
Without due care, an Abstract fails to deliver on the essentials of background, methods, results and conclusions.
The importance of good abstract writing justifies this extra section.
Writing an Abstract
Stress content, not intent.
Avoid empty passive constructs such as: – methods will be presented, discussed, developed; – conclusions will be drawn Use informative constructs such as: – A depth first search is used … – It is concluded that the method is reliable in the restricted circumstances of …
Writing an Abstract
An Abstract is not a plan of work TO BE carried out, It is a summary of work that HAS BEEN carried out
Writing an Abstract
Keep it short
Abstract
(most read!) 200-300 words The abstract must not simply list the topics covered in the paper, but should 1.
state the scope and principal objectives of the research, 2.
3.
4.
describe the methods used, summarize the results, and state the principal conclusions.
Student Examples
The following three examples of Title and Abstract are adapted from final year dissertations submitted to BHC. They are included here to stimulate discussion.
The originals are in the BHC Library.
Author details are withheld.
Note: The authors did not have access to this lecture material.
Student Example 1 Title and Abstract
“Implementing a rapid web application development using the example of a digital rent-a-car business
This thesis will present a technology mixture to implement Rapid Web Application and Development. This will be accomplished using a small but extensible example, a digital rent-a-car business.
Student Example 1
The mixture will include JAVA as front end, MICORSOFT ACCESS as aback end and JBOUILDER as the development environment. The design will involve tasks such as: user interface, transactions and the database.
Student Example 1
To implement the 1 st part, a web page will be designed and tested. To implement the 2 JAVA BEANS (business part) will be nd , JAVASERVER PAGES (technical part) and recruited, to implement the 3 rd , SQL statements will be designed and embedded into the Java source code with which the business logic will be transmitted to the Data Base to store information.
Student Example 1
Finally, after module and integrated testing will take place locally on JBUILDER with successful results, an attempt for online testing will also be commented at the conclusions part.”
Student Example 1
Exercise To what extent does Example 1 fulfil the function of title and abstract?
Do you get an indication of the scope of work carried out?
Student Example 2
“Application Development for a Library Office SQL/4GL Informix Package
This project is targeted at the library office of British Hellenic College. I am to handle all everyday operations of a library office. I will also provide a report that will analyse the development and the implementation of the program.
Student Example 2
The structure of my report is as follows: In
Chapter 1
I deal with the theory of databases In
Chapter 2
I describe some major methods for designing software applications.
… In
Chapter 5
the final conclusion of my project is included. ”
Student Example 2
Exercise To what extent does Example 2 fulfil the function of title and abstract?
Do you get an indication of the scope of work carried out?
Student Example 3
“Mobile Commerce and Applications
The contemporary business environment, under the special conditions that exist (Economical, political, Social and Technological) has become extremely competitive. Therefore new techniques are needed in order for the enterprises to promote and sell their products and services.
Student Example 3
Within the present thesis I will try to stress the importance of M-Commerce in the beginning of the 21 st century, in order to succeed the above goals. Our main scope is to demonstrate the use of M Commerce by modern business through analysis of the basic elements that are considered.
Student Example 3
We will try to prove the fact that the use of M-Commerce has matured as a strategic weapon rather than a simply support function. Our main goal is to provide evidence of the above and to come to possible conclusions of the future of M Commerce field. ”
Student Example 3
Exercise To what extent does Example 3 fulfil the function of title and abstract?
Do you get an indication of the scope of work carried out?
Bibliography
Good scientific work is built on work done by others Your work is enhanced by reference to other works There is a formal way to cite references
Dissertation Guidelines
This material in the rest of this powerpoint slide show draws freely on the Guidelines available on the Computer Science Department (UWA) web pages for project guidelines http://www.aber.ac.uk/compsci/Dept/Teaching/CourseN otes/current/CS39030/biblio_guidance.html
(date of access: 19 Jan 2005) This site is password protected
Bibliography
Refer to BIS216 practice Example (in text) However, Elben and Jelasity (2002) point out that “[model] evaluation done on the test set and not in training set is not common practice … ”
Bibliography
Note the quotes “ ” for text quoted from another source, Note the use of [ ] to indicate a modification of that source
Bibliography
Bibliography – a section at the end of the report text, giving the sources of cited works, using an accepted convention.
….
2002 Elben, A., Jelasity, M.
A critical note on experimental research methodology in EC
. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, Hawaii, USA, 582-587.
Originality
Good practice Bad practice Unfair practice
Originality
Could another person say of any portion of the dissertation: I recognise this as my own work. The current author is presenting it with a view to obtaining credit for it
Originality - Penalties
Bad practice : (possibly due to carelessness) parts may be ignored for purposes of assessment Unfair practice: (deception – deliberate or unintended) disciplinary action, including disqualification of degree.
Penalties!
Originality - Penalties
Don’t put examiners in a situation where they have to decide between bad practice and unfair practice.
Originality
Give full references in bibliography Surround direct quotations in quotation marks and give reference Take care to give all web references and date of access. Ensure references are current at time of submission.
Originality
A cut-and-paste dissertation, properly referenced, while satisfying “Good Practice”, must expect to obtain a very low assessment.
Ensure you always include sufficient evaluation of major quotations that you make (e.g. to support an argument of yours)
Originality
Your work is enhanced by reference to related works
Advice
Start early Get someone else to read through your work and comment on its clarity.
Use “Good Practice”
Advice
Write the report as if for scientific information dissemination It will be assessed along these lines Do not write for an audience of examiners from whom you wish to hide the defects of your work