Transcript Passing the Flame of the Reformation: John Wycliffe making

Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther
1. Forerunners of the Reformation:
Wycliffe & Hus.
2. Luther film (questions).
3. Luther’s Christian Liberty.
Luther’s Catechism
John Wycliffe (1330-1384)
• English philosopher, theologian
& reformer
• Criticized the corruption of the
church
• Advocated translation of the
Bible into English
• Maintained that the Bible was
the sole criterion of doctrine
• Attempted to limit the authority
of the pope
• Attacked the doctrine of
transubstantiation
• Condemned by the council of
Constance in 1415
Jan Hus (1372-1415)
• Bohemian reformer
• influenced by
Wycliffe’s ideas about
the authority of
scripture
• protested against the
sale of indulgencies
• burned at the stake in
1415
Hus at the council of Constance
Passing on the Flame of the Reformation
Factors in favor of the Reformation in
16th c.
• Duke Frederick
the Wise of
Saxony (left)
protected Luther.
Printing press
(right) made wide
and fast
dissemination of
Reformation’s
ideas possible.
Luther Film questions
1. How did Luther view God initially?
2. How and why did his view of God change?
3. What are indulgencies and why was he
opposed to them?
4. What did Luther declare at the Leipzig debate?
5. What was the Pope’s response?
6. Why did Luther refuse to retract what he said
at the Diet of Worms?
Johann Tetzel, mighty preacher of indulgencies
The last line of this
woodcut reads: “as
soon as the gold in
the basin rings,
right then the soul
to heaven springs.”
Reformation woodcut
Martin Luther (1483-1546).
• German Reformer
• Protested against the sale
of indulgencies in his 95
Theses
• Advocated the principle of
sola scriptura
• Salvation is by grace alone
through faith alone
• Criticized the doctrine of
transubstantiation
Luther at the Diet of Worms (1521)
Christian Liberty (seminar questions)
1. Identify two propositions concerning the
freedom and bondage of human person (p. 2)
Where do they come from?
Compare 1 Cor 9:19: “For though I am free with
respect to all, I have made myself a slave to all,
so that I might win more of them.”
Christian Liberty questions (cont’d)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
On p. 3 Luther makes a distinction between the inner and the outer
man. How do you understand this distinction?
Acc. to Luther, what things are not necessary for Christian life? (p. 45)
What is the only thing that is necessary? (p. 5)
The Word is received by faith. What does it mean to have faith? (p. 89)
What is the main function of the OT commandments? (p. 11-12)
What are the ‘powers’ or benefits of faith? (pp. 15-19).
What is the function of works? (p. 33-39)
What is the relationship between works and character? (p. 39-42)
Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
• Swiss Reformer
• Preacher in Zurich
• Agreed with Luther on
authority of scripture, church
councils could make mistakes,
married clergy.
• Disagreed with Luther on the
doctrine of the Eucharist
• Iconoclasm
• Congregationalism
• Influence on Disciples of
Christ, Baptists, and others
John Calvin (1509-1564)
• Came from France
• Settled in Geneva
• Doctrine of election and double
predestination
• Presbyterians in the US
The Radical Reformation
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Voluntarist Principle
Believer’s Baptism
Restorationism
Strict Moral Code
Generally persecuted in Europe
Anabaptists, Amish, Mennonites
Catholic & Protestant lands, 16th c.