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WORLD KINGDOMS
OF BIBLE TIMES
Roman Empire 164 to 476 AD
Greek Empire (331-164 BC)
Medo-Persian Empire (539 to 331 BC)
Babylonian Empire (625 to 539 BC)
Assryian Empire (--- to 525 BC)
600 BC
500 BC
400 BC
300 BC
200 BC
100 BC
0
100 AD
BABYLONIAN KINGS
Hammurabi et al. - approximately 1200 BC
• Greatest king of the first Babylonian Empire.
• Wrote the Code of Hammurabi
Nabopolazzar - ?-605 BC
• First king of the Chaldean (or Neo-Babylonian) Empire
• The father of Nebuchdnezzar
Nebuchdnezzar - 605-562 BC
• The greatest king of the Chaldean Empire
• Took Judah into captivity and destroyed the city
• Mentioned 88 times in the Bible
Evil-Merodach - 562-556 BC
• Mentioned in 2 Kings as releasing Jehoiachin king of
Judah from prison
Nabonidus and Belshazzar - 556-539 BC
• Father and son co-regents
• Last king of the Chaldeans. Saw handwriting on the wall
BABYLON AND THE FATE
OFJERUSALEM (2 Kings 24-25; 2 Chron 36)
605 BC - In his days Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his vassal for
three years. Then he turned and rebelled against him. So Jehoiakim rested with his fathers. Then
Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.
597 BC At that time the servants of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against Jerusalem,
and the city was besieged. Then Jehoiachin king of Judah, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his
officers went out to the king of Babylon; and the king of Babylon, in the eighth year of his reign, took him
prisoner. And he carried out from there all the treasures of the house of the LORD. Also he carried into
captivity all Jerusalem: all the captains and all the mighty men of valor, ten thousand captives, and all the
craftsmen and smiths. None remained except the poorest people of the land. And he carried Jehoiachin
captive to Babylon. Then the king of Babylon made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin's uncle, king in his place, and
changed his name to Zedekiah. Then Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.
586 BC Now it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month,
that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and all his army came against Jerusalem and encamped against
it; and they built a siege wall against it all around. So the city was besieged until the eleventh year of King
Zedekiah. Then the city wall was broken through and in the fifth month, on the seventh day of the month
(which was the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon), Nebuzaradan the captain of the
guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, came to Jerusalem. He burned the house of the LORD and the king's
house; all the houses of Jerusalem, that is, all the houses of the great, he burned with fire. And all the army of
the Chaldeans who were with the captain of the guard broke down the walls of Jerusalem all around. Then
Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard carried away captive the rest of the people who remained in the city
and the defectors who had deserted to the king of Babylon, with the rest of the multitude. Thus Judah was
carried away captive from its own land.
MEDO-PERSIAN KINGS
Darius the Mede (Gubaru?)
• Possibly a general or co-regent with Cyrus
Cyrus the Great - 559-530 BC
• Greatest Persian ruler
• Defeated Babylon
• Allowed the Israelites to return to their landCambysses
Cambysses - 530-521 BC
• Not mentioned
Smerdis - 521 BC
• Not mentioned
Darius I - 521-486 BC
Xerxes (Ahasuerus) - 486-465 BC
• The Persian king in the book of Esther
Artaxerxes I - 464-423 BC
• Authorized rebuilding the city, temple, and city walls
Darius II - 423-404 BC
CHRONOLOGY OF THE
RETURN FROM EXILE
KING
Cyrus
YEAR
1
1
2
Ahasuerus 1
DATE
538
538
536
--
--
534
2
521
2
6
Artaxerxes 7
521
515
457
Darius
7
20
-32
408
444
-432
EVENT
Issued proclamation allowing Jews to return
Zerbubbal and 42,360 others returned
Laid the foundation of the temple
Enemies wrote accusations and got the king to
stop work on the temple
Enemies got the king to stop work on the
temple
(Esther was queen at this time)
Haggai and Zechariah caused the work to be
restarted
Darius issued a decree authorizing the work
The temple was completed
Ezra and others were sent to Jerusalem with
the king’s decree
Ezra dealt with marriage issue
Nehemiah returned to rebuild the walls
Malachi serves during this period
Nehemiah returns to Babylon
DANIEL IN BABYLON
Daniel lived and prospered in Babylon during the rules of at least
four kings of the Babylonian and Medo-Persian Empires
BABYLONIAN RULE
Nebuchdnezzar - 605-562 BC
Evil-Merodach - 562-556 BC
Nabonidus and Belshazzar 556-539 BC
PERSIAN RULE
Darius the Mede (Gubaru?)
(Daniel 5:31)
Cyrus the Great - 559-530 BC
(Isa 45; Daniel; Ezra)
PROPHECIES OF DANIEL
In the book of Daniel, God uses a series of prophecies
to reveal the destiny of men and kingdoms
Chapter 2 Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of the
great image
Chapter 4
Nebuchadnezzar’s vision of a
great tree
Chapter 5 The letter to Belshazzar
Chapter 7 Daniel’s vision of the four beasts
Chapter 8 Daniel’s vision of the ram and
male goat
Chapter 9
Daniel’s vision of the 70 weeks
Chapters
Daniel’s vision of Israel’s future
10-12
THE DREAM OF FUTURE KINGDOMS
Daniel 2
BABYLONIAN EMPIRE
MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE
GREEK EMPIRE
ROMAN EMPIRE
THE DREAM OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR’S
HUMILIATION AND RESTORATION
Daniel 4
“This is the interpretation, O king, and this is
the decree of the Most High, which has
come upon my lord the king:
They shall drive you from men, your
dwelling shall be with the beasts of the field,
and they shall make you eat grass like
oxen. They shall wet you with the dew of
heaven, and seven times shall pass over
you, till you know that the Most High rules in
the kingdom of men, and gives it to
whomever He chooses.
And inasmuch as they gave the
command to leave the stump
and
roots of the tree, your
kingdom shall be
assured to you, after you come to know
that
Heaven rules” (Daniel 4:24-26)
Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar’s dream
BOANTHROPY - A type of insanity in which a man thinks he is an ox.
judgment is prophesied in Daniel 5.
And this is the inscription that was written:
MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN.
This is the interpretation of each word.
MENE: God has numbered your kingdom,
and finished it;
TEKEL: You have been weighed in the
balances, and found wanting;
PERES: Your kingdom has been divided, and
given to the Medes and Persians.”
Dan 5:5, 25-28
By Emily Dickinson
Belchazzar, the last king of the mighty Babylon
Empire, was the son of Nabonidus and perhaps
the grandson of Nebuchdnezzar. He served for
about ten years as co-regent with his father. His
“In the same hour the fingers of a man's
hand appeared and wrote opposite the
lampstand on the plaster of the wall of the
king's palace; and the king saw the part of
the hand that wrote.
Belshazzar
Had a Letter
BELSHAZZAR’S
LETTER (Daniel 5)
Belshazzar had a letter, He never had but one;
Belshazzar's correspondent
Concluded and begun
In that immortal copy
The conscience of us all
Can read without its glasses
On revelation's wall.
VISION OF THE FOUR BEASTS
Daniel 7
Babylonian
Empire
Medo-Persian
Empire
Greek
Empire
Roman
Empire
LION
BEAR
LEOPARD
With eagles
wings
With ribs in
its mouth
With four wings
And four heads
TERRIBLE
BEAST
THE TERRIBLE BEAST
• Dreadful, terrible, strong, different
• Devouring, breaking, trampling
• Speaking pompous words against God
• Made war against the saints; Prevailed
• Changing times and seasons
• Eventually judged by God and his
dominion taken away
With horns
THE RAM AND THE MALE GOAT
Daniel 8
MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE
The ram had two horns;
one higher than the other
and coming up later.
It pushed northward and
southward and became
great. No beast could
withstand him
Daniel 8:19 And he said, "Look, I am making known
to you what shall happen in the latter time of the
indignation; for at the appointed time the end shall
be.
20 "The ram which you saw, having the two horns--they are the kings of Media and
Persia.
21 "And the male goat is the kingdom of Greece. The large horn that is between its
eyes is the first king.
22 "As for the broken horn and the four that stood up in its place, four kingdoms shall
arise out of that nation, but not with its power.
23 "And in the latter time of their kingdom, When the transgressors have reached
their fullness, A king shall arise . . . 24 He shall destroy the mighty, and also the holy
people.
GREEK EMPIRE
The male goat came from
the west; not touching the
ground; a single notable
horn
Attached the ram with
rage and broke his horns
When the male goat
became strong, his horn
was broken and replaced
by four notable smaller
ones.
One of the little horns
grew up and exalted
himself against the
sacrifices and the temple
VISION OF THE
SEVENTY WEEKS
Daniel 9
SEVENTY WEEKS
• To finish the transgression
• To make an end of sin
• To make reconciliation for iniquity
• To bring in everlasting righteousness
• To seal up vision and prophecy
• To anoint the Most High
639 BC
SEVEN WEEKS
The streets and
walls will be
built again
70 AD
SIXTY-TWO WEEKS
See the prophecies
of chapters 10-12
ONE WEEK
• Messiah the Prince
will come
• Messiah will be
cut off
• People of the prince
will destroy the city
• Covenant is
confirmed
• Sacrifices and
offerings are ended
VISION OF THE
DESTINY OF ISRAEL
Daniel 10-12
2 "And now I will tell you the truth: Behold, three more
kings will arise in Persia, and the fourth shall be far
richer than them all; by his strength, through his
riches, he shall stir up all against the realm of Greece.
3 "Then a mighty king shall arise, who shall rule with
great dominion, and do according to his will.
4 "And when he has arisen, his kingdom shall be
broken up and divided toward the four winds of
heaven, but not among his posterity nor according to
his dominion with which he ruled; for his kingdom
shall be uprooted, even for others besides these.
5 "Also the king of the South shall become strong, as
well as one of his princes; and he shall gain power
over him and have dominion. His dominion shall be a
great dominion.