Transcript Slide 1
EUROPE BEFORE WWI EUROPE AFTER WWI Factors leading to Rise of Dictators Treaty of Versailles “Big Four” Economic Problems Weimar Republic Lost Faith in Democracy League of Nations use of Appeasement U.S. President Wilson British Prime Minister George Italian Prime Minister Orlando French Prime Minister Clemenceau RISE OF FASCISM IN ITALY FASCISM is a “Totalitarian” government which: Glorifies the state has One leader and one party Controls Society has No opposition and protests are not tolerated Uses Propaganda and Censorship Benito Mussolini - 1922 Is Anti-Democratic Established Fascism Joined Germany in 1940 RISE OF FASCISM IN ITALY •“March on Rome” (1922) •King Victor Emmanuel III feared civil war •made Mussolini PM •“Blackshirts” •Il Duce (1925) •Expected loyalty to Italy •“Believe, Obey, Fight” •14 kids = medal •Educate youth •“Sons of the Wolf” •“Survival of the Fittest” STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA 1924 – Lenin died •before dying, warned against promoting •Power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky •1928 – Stalin is leader •“5 Year Plan” •Modernize USSR •Oil/Coal/Steel •“Collective Farms” •Peasants forced to join •Peasants resisted •“Terror Famine” •“Gulags” STALIN’S COMMUNIST RUSSIA “Great Purge” (1934) Characteristics of Communism •“Classless society” •Society controlled by government •Terror •Censorship •Propaganda •“Comintern” •organization to promote revolution •Opposite of capitalism •“Red Scare” FRANCISCO FRANCO’S SPAIN 1936 Spanish Civil War •“Nationalists” led by Franco •Germany/Italy began sending soldiers/supplies to Franco •“El Caudillo” •Persecution , repression, censorship •Guernica •Pablo Picasso •“weapons experiment” Picasso’s “Guernica” Japanese Expansionism Hirohito Emperor Hideki Tojo Minister of War Hirohito Issei – foreign-born Japanese in U.S. before 1924 Nisei – children of Issei born in U.S. Tojo Japanese Expansionism “War Hawks” gaining power make Japan self-sufficient Growing population strained resources 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria Hirohito Raw Materials living space 1937 Japan attacked China – beginning off WII in Asia Tojo Rise of Nazi Germany TREATY OF VERSAILLES Germany’s Punishment •lost all colonial territory •military reduced •could not produce any war material •no troops in Rhineland •pay Reparations •War Guilt Clause •Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia •Anschluss forbidden Rise of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler •fought for Germany in WWI •“Iron Cross” •1919 joined Nazi Party •1921 leader of Nazi Party •pledged to correct Germany’s problems Rise of Nazi Germany Beer Hall Putsch (1923) •failed •Hitler thrown into jail •“Mein Kampf” •Aryan Race •hatred of Jews/Commies •goal of Lebensraum •blamed Germany’s problems on T of V (Stab in the Back Theory = Jews, Commies, Weimar Republic) •Nazi bible 1925 – 25K Nazis Worldwide Economic Depression After WWI many European economies were unstable. The boom in the U.S. throughout the 1920s helped sustain worldwide trade. The 1929 stock market crash in the U.S. and the resulting Great Depression spread throughout the world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened the depression. As economies plummeted and unemployment rose, many people turned to powerful leaders and governments who promised success through military buildup and the conquest of territory. German breadlines Japanese children eating radish roots during famine Rise of Nazi Germany “Black Tuesday” -- 10/29/1929 •Great Depression helped pave way for Hitler and Nazis •1932 Nazi Party – largest in Reichstag •1/30/1933 – Von Hindenburg appoints Hitler as Chancellor •Hitler put people to work in armament factories and public works programs Rise of Nazi Germany Reichstag Fire (Feb 1933) •Terrorism or Nazi propaganda? •Exploited people’s fears of Communist takeover •began using “Martial Law” Enabling Acts (3/23/1933) •passed by Reichstag to giving Hitler power to make any law necessary to protect Germany •symbolic beginning of dictatorship •“SS” – motto – “My honor is called loyalty” •Hitler’s “Praetorian Guard” •Gestapo A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933 Rise of Nazi Germany Night of Long Knives (6/30/1934) 8/2/1934 President Von Hindenburg dies Hitler takes control •“Der Fuhrer” – “Today Germany, Tomorrow the World” •Third Reich •8/19/1934 – 90% approval in plebecite vote •“Hitler Youth” (HJ) •“Triumph of the Will” •Nazi Propaganda •1934 Nuremberg Rally 1938 Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year”