Transcript Safety Observation

Safety Observation Process
Pathway to an
Injury Free Career
If we can predict it: we can prevent it!
Safety Observation
What Is a Safety Observation?
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Tool to raise safety awareness in a non-threatening way
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Allows for directed / guided observation teams
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Tool to build trust
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Feedback loop mechanism
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↑ increase safety awareness
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↓ decrease anxiety or threat of reporting errors
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Goal is to fix things quickly and effectively
Safety Observation
Effective Safety Management
Characteristics of effective safety performance:
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Measurable.
Focuses on positive activities.
Direct impact on outcomes.
Opportunity for two-way feedback and positive
reinforcement.
Opportunity for goal setting based on performance data.
Safety Observation
Observations identify job site hazards, controls,
conditions, manage exposure to risks, reduce
exposure, and thereby reduce injury.
Apply a strategic approach:
Anticipate and prevent active error at the job site.
Reduce total number of “at-risk” critical behaviors and/or
conditions.
Identify and eliminate the related barriers/latent organizational
weaknesses.
Change other factors to encourage safe behaviors.
Safety Observation
Safety Observation—Objectives
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Provide positive reinforcement / feedback for safe
behaviors observed.
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Identify error-likely conditions for corrective
actions.
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Gather meaningful data for analysis that identifies
institutional weaknesses in work management
systems.
Do Work Safely
Safety Observation
Fix the Person or the System?
Is the Person
Clumsy?
Or Is the
Problem . . .
The Step???
Safety Observation
II. Human Performance &
Integrated Safety Management
Safety Observation
Human Performance Improvement
Five Basic Principles
1. People are fallible, and even the best make mistakes.
2. Error-likely situations are predictable, manageable, and preventable.
3. Individual behavior is influenced by organizational processes and values.
4. People achieve high levels of performance based largely on the
encouragement and reinforcement received from leaders, peers,
and subordinates.
5. Events can be avoided by understanding the reasons mistakes
occur and applying the lessons learned from past events.
Safety Observation
Industry Statistics on
Causes of Events
Human Error
70%
System Induced Error
Operational Upset
(organizational weakness)
30%
90%
Human
Error
10%
Equipment
Failures
Safety Observation
Unexpected
Error
When Things Go Wrong
How It Is Now…
Human error is the cause of
accidents:
How It Should Be…
Human error is a symptom of
trouble deeper inside a system.
You are highly trained
You are human
and
and
If you did as trained, you would
not make mistakes
Humans make mistakes
so
so
so
Let’s also explore why the
system allowed, or failed to
accommodate your mistake
You should be PUNISHED!
Let’s IMPROVE THE SYSTEM!
You weren’t careful enough
Safety Observation
When Things Go Wrong
Safety Observation
Where we are coming from:
I keep entering this in the system but something needs to be done. The majority
of the traffic going down and up Pecos drive is speeding. and a lot of the traffic is
Gov. vehicles. Speed humps need to be put in place. Someone is going to get hit.
There should be Speed humps installed on Pecos Road because of the excess
speeding going on while people are walking to there buildings in the morning and
also during lunch. Gov. vehicles and personal vehicles driving very fast up and
down the road. NEED SPEED HUMPS!!!!
As I was walking from the guard gate into PF-1, I observed a craft trucking
speeding from the south to the north in a 10 MPH posted area. I was about to step
into the crosswalk when they saw me and stopped suddenly. I motioned to the
driver to slow down. They just laughed.
Safety Observation
Where we are headed:
Vehicle Operator Observation
1.0 Pre Trip Inspection
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Observed multiple cars in TA-55 parking lot and discovered that several of their tires were
either under inflated or over inflated. with weather conditions becoming a factor proper tier
pressure is important to check before driving.
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Frost on windshield caused potential visibility problem. On discussing the issue it was
decided to be late for a meeting and take the necessary time to completely clean the frost
from the window before travelling.
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During inspection of my motorcycle prior to leaving home for work, I found the brake light
to be non-operational. The tail light was working, but not the brake light. I installed a spare
bulb and that fixed the problem.
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Observed LANL semi driver leaving yard pulling trailer, he did not do a pull test on trailer to
make sure it was secure to tractor, stopped driver helped with pull test.
Safety Observation
Vehicle Operator Observation 2.0 Stopping
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Driver initially stopped with about 1/2 car length distance between our vehicle and the
vehicle in front of us, but increased this to a full car length after discussion.
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Driver did a rolling stop at the stop sign. Pointed out the "California" stop in a nice way and
driver agreed that full stop would have been safer.
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Driver in government vehicle did not fully stop at stop sign when leaving parking lot. I
noted who the driver was (someone I knew) and spoke/teased them about it later. They
agreed that they should have fully stopped.
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Driver often yields at stop signs rather than stops. A discussion was held concerning the
behavior and the drive admitted to fault and stated that through awareness, the drive will
be comply to stop signs and making a complete stop. In addition, a discussion was held
concerning crashes that could be prevented if the drivers stopped completely as required
by law.
Vehicle Operator Observation 3.0 Parking
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Several cars were noted in the parking lot as having parked outside of designated spaces. I
spoke with one driver, who didn't really care that they might get a ticket. They did not want
to have to walk from TA-50 parking lot stating that it was more dangerous to walk and
possibly slip on the ice than park in an unmarked spot.
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The driver did forget the turn the wheels while parking on a hill. This behavior was
identified and will be corrected for future vehicle operations.
Safety Observation
Vehicle Operator Observation
4.0 Backing
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Airports could be designed so that airplanes would never have to back up.
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Driver and Observer do not understand this question. Is this asking if the passenger
backed up the vehicle before the driver did?
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Driver failed to check rear of vehicle for any possible hazards before backing up. Spotter
was needed and used after being notified.
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The driver was not aware that it is a good driving practice to sound the horn prior to, and if
possible, during the backing up process. He concurred that this signals pedestrians behind
the vehicle to clear the area and committed to begin using this practice.
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The driver did not sound the horn while backing up. This was a safety concern that both
the observer and the observee learned by performing the ATOMICS observation.
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Driver and Observer do not understand this question. Is this asking if the driver backs up
the vehicle by turning the wheels 90 degrees and moving the vehicle side ways?
Safety Observation
Safety Observer Roles and Responsibilities
Observer rules for observing performance:
Judge the behavior of the worker being observed with the
same criteria you would use for yourself.
We judge ourselves with external factors.
We judge others with internal factors.
Safety Observation
Fundamental Tenets of Safety Observations
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Focuses on behaviors and conditions
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No name, no blame process
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Process is for people, it involves everybody
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Gives positive reinforcement for safe behaviors.
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Pro-active; uses leading indicators
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Statistically driven.
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Unlike TRC/DART provides process numbers workers control.
Safety Observation
ATOMICS Safety Process
4 Essential Elements
 Identify the critical behaviors and conditions
 Collect data
 Provide feedback
 Use data to reduce/remove latent organizational
weaknesses.
Safety Observation
Focus Shifts
To:
From: crisis reaction
process improvement
Safety Stand downs
Stop
Re-read procedures
Think
Safety Meetings
Act
Retraining
Review
Safety Observation
Focus Shifts
From:
To:
tracking accidents
Total Recordable (TRC)
Days Away Restricted Time (DART)
preventing accidents
Fix the problem
before it injures the
worker.
Identification of error
likely situations.
First Aid cases
Strengthen defenses.
Safety Observation
Focus Shifts
To:
From: downstream factors
upstream factors
Lagging indicators
Leading indicators
Non diagnostic
Process improvement
Crisis Reactions
Accident prevention
Stand downs
Near miss reporting
TRC/DART
Develop defense in depth
Lessons learned
Error tolerance
Just work environment
Safety Observation
Observations manage exposure to risks,
reduce exposure, and reduce injury.
Apply a strategic approach:
Anticipate and prevent active error at the job site.
Reduce total number of “at-risk” critical behaviors.
Identify and eliminate the related barriers/latent organizational
weaknesses.
Change other factors to encourage safe behaviors.
Safety Observation
How do we change behavior?
Traditional methods to improve safety performance:
Progressive Discipline
 Committees
Administrative Policies
 Focus Groups
Visions, Goals, Plans
 Additional Defense Layers
Core Value Statements
 Contests & Awards
Safety Training
 Safety meetings
New Safety Initiatives
 Motivational speakers
Safety Observation
How do we change behavior?
Traditional safety response:
Injury: employee finished cleaning toilet inside stall turned tight and hit head on coat hanger…
Response: retrain employee on being more aware of surroundings and potential hazards.
Injury: walking to truck, slipped on ice
Response: employee reminded to check walking area before proceeding to vehicle for slippery
conditions
Injury: employee walking around vehicle-slipped on ice and almost fell
Response: retrain employee on slips, trips, and falls safety.
Injury: employee missed dip in sidewalk, slipped and fell
Response: be conscious of where you are walking
Injury: employee sneezed acute internal pain in lower left rib cage area
Response: encourage employee to stabilize body alignment before sneezing
Injury: disposing metal piece, cut edge caught employees glove cutting through and cutting
finger
Response: need to describe to workers conditions that make up “line of fire” and self control of
natural reflexes.
Safety Observation
• If we can predict it: we can prevent it!
Safety Observation
Observations identify job site hazards, controls,
conditions, manage exposure to risks, reduce
exposure, and thereby reduce injury.
Safety Observation
Are you from OSHA?
Safety Observation
At-risk behavior is usually a trigger,
NOT a Cause
Poor
Communication
Habit
Imperfect
Memories
Time
Pressure
Poor Ergonomic
Job Design
Peer Pressure
No Supervision
Inadequate
Training
Lack of
Accountability
Confusing
Procedures
Safety Observation
Understanding Behavior
With
ABC Analysis
Activator
Behavior
Consequence
Police Car Flashing Red
Lights
Slow down/speed
up
Citation/nothing
Radiation Work Practices
Turbo-Frisking
Contamination Y/N
Phone rings
Answer phone
Talk with caller
Safety Observation
Influencing Long-term Behavior
Consequences control behavior!
Safety Observation
Factors that Affect the Power of Consequences
Timing:Sooner
Later
Consistency: Certain
Uncertain
Significance: Positive
Negative
The most powerful consequences are:
Soon
Certain
Positive
Safety Observation
Feedback
Feedback is a powerful way to influence behavior
Feedback is a consequence.
To be effective it must be:
 soon,
 certain,
 and positive
Safety Observation
Organizational Responsibilities
Reducing Errors (observations)
It is naïve (foolish) to think that positive reinforcement is the single
mechanism for safety observations success.
Managing Defenses (data analysis)
The organizational change initiative, identification of system, facility,
and equipment issues identified are at least as likely to be primary
improvement mechanisms as positive reinforcement.
Safety Observation
Interaction Technique
Before the observation:
 Let people know you are observing them
 Answer any questions about the process
 Mention that there will be feedback/discussion after
After the observation:
 Observer reinforces safe behaviors, and, if needed, discusses
observed at-risk actions and options to avoid future
occurrence,
Safety Observation
Giving Feedback
Discuss “at-risks and explore barriers to working “safely”
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Separate discussion of “at-risk” behaviors
from positive feedback.
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Ask open-ended questions
(Ex: What’s the worst accident that can happen? How could
you be hurt doing this task. Why are you doing it this way?)
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Ask for suggestions/ideas, draw out the corrective action that
may be required from the person.
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Record comments. Seek a personal commitment from that
the individual will carry out the action and thank them for
participating.
Safety Observation
Giving Feedback
 The goal of the behavioral observation is to improve
(influence) the performance (behavior) of the workers
observed.
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It is critical for workers to understand the types of behaviors
and conditions that either increase exposure (at-risk
behaviors) or reduce the risk of exposure (identified safe
behaviors).
Safety Observation
A Safety Observation
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Is a sampling procedure
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Is the cornerstone of the safety process
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Is systematic and standardized
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Samples behaviors and conditions, not individuals
Safety Observation
A Safety Observation
Shares expertise:
From January 2010 to May 2010 the Vehicle Operator
Observation sheet was utilized by the ASM-MM group 24
times and by all other organizations 314 times.
From January 2010 to May 2010 the Lifting Observation
sheet was utilized by ASM-MM 62 times and by all other
organizations 268 times.
Safety Observation