Transcript Grammar Review - Freshmen Happenings in Ms. Tsai's Class

Grammar Review
Because grammar is fun 
Clauses: a group of words with
a subject and a verb
• What is a sentence?
• Two types of clauses:
– Independent: forms a complete thought and
can stand on its own.
– Dependent: cannot stand on its own
Although Fido was usually frisky, he was
unusually quiet and pensive during the
photo shoot.
Linking Clauses and Sentences
• Commas
• FANBOYS!
• AAAWWUBBIS
– Subordinating Conjunction
– What does subordinating mean?
Interrupter = any sentence part that could be
inserted into a sentence and which must be
set off with commas.
Use two commas to set off an
interrupter.
Sent , interrupter, ence .
For
And
Nor
Tucker was a
trucker.
But
He was stuck in the
muck.
Or
He was out of luck.
Yet
He was in
Winnemucka.
So
Subordinating conjunctions
A lthough
As
A fter
W hile
W hen
U ntil/Unles
B ecau
s
B se
efore
If
S ince
Knowing when to use commas
• “Openers”
• Interrupters
• Adding clauses/phrases to the end of a
sentence
Participles = an ing verb (or a series of ing
verbs) tagged on to the beginning or end
of a sentence.
A participial phrase is the ing verb plus
its modifiers and complements.
Traveling might be something you enjoy.
1. Why isn’t this a participle?
Gerund = a verbal that ends in –ing and
functions as a noun.
Participles
Gerunds
•Functions as an adjective
•Used as a noun
•Set off by commas by:
•Virtually never requires
punctuation
•Coming at the beginning of a
sentence
•Interrupting a sentence as a
nonessential element
•Coming at the end of a
sentence (but it is separated
from the word it modifies).
Appositive
• noun or pronoun -- often with modifiers -- set
beside another noun or pronoun to explain or
identify it
Keith, the boy in rumpled shorts and shirt,
did not know he was being watched as he
entered room 215 of the Mountain View
Inn.
Use a comma to set off an
opener.
Opener, sentence .
Sentence Structures
A. Simple Sentences:
1. Has one independent
clause and no subordinate
clause
Tucker was a trucker.
Compound sentences: 2 or more
independent clauses but NO subordinate
clauses.
I was next in line for lunch.
Joseph cut in front of me.
Sentence , FANBOYS sentence .
Complex sentences: one independent clause
+ one subordinate clause.
When summer comes to the North
Woods, time slows down.
AAAWWUBBIS
Opener, sentence .
Compound-complex sentence: two or
more independent clauses + one
subordinate clause
While my son was playing video games, I
ate his last piece of pizza, and it was
delicious.