Transcript Slide 1
Group 14
Michael Trampler EE Javier Arias EE Ryan Kastovich EE Genaro Moore EE
Overview
Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Some provide advanced features such as humidity control and CO2 monitoring/control Scheduling and adaptive set-points will allow the user to reduce the systems run time.
Run time data logging will give the user a better understanding of the systems activities
Motivation
Increased cost of electricity Great cost of commercially available HVAC controllers Limited feature set of commercially available HVAC controllers, especially web enabled controllers
Objectives
Accurately read temperature and relative humidity both inside and outside building.
System management through web app Scheduling capabilities CO2 monitoring for a gauge of air quality Zone control Expandable to multiple zones Wireless connectivity to RSM Reduction of energy consumption due to scheduling and set-point control Simple and easy installation with minimal wiring.
Project Specifications
Main Controller Control up to 8 zones Wireless connectivity to RSM at a minimum of 50ft Web Interface Host at least 5 users simultaneously Manage week long schedules for each zone Track duty cycle of heat pump to an accuracy of 0.1% Display status of up to 8 zones simultaneously RSM Temperature ±0.125°C Humidity ±5% relative CO2 At least ±500 ppm 1.5 month battery life
System Block Diagram
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Plant Block Diagram
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Plant Specifications
Need to supply 24VAC to drive the different components Be able to support up to 8 zones Continuous uptime for 2 months
Heat Pump
Various types: single stage, multi-stage, variable compressor, variable fan, oil, gas, etc… Design for single stage because most common in FL Air handler indoors, compressor outdoors
Heat Pump Components
Reversing Valve (changeover) Controls heating/cooling mode Compressor Supplementary heat Electric heating coils Fan (Air Handler) Automatic – turns on when ever the whole unit is on ON (continuous) – on regardless of the state of the unit
Control (Hardware)
74 HC 595 (from TI) 8-bit serial input shift register Serial or parallel output Vcc: -0.5V - +7V Needs only 3 inputs: data, latch, and clock Outputs 0 – Vcc (V)
Control (Hardware) Continued
MAC 97 Triac Connected to 24VAC supply to drive the heat pump components Can handle up to 600V 2V max gate trigger voltage 0.66V typical trigger voltage
Heat Pump Control Schematic
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Plant Block Diagram
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Damper Control
Dampers act as a door for air to flow through ducts Dampers come either N-O/N-C Require 24VAC Utilize normally open 2 position dampers Makes system modular Design for up to 8 zones 74 HC 595 Shift Register 8 outputs for 8 zones MAC 97 Triacs 8 triacs for the 8 zones
Damper Control Schematic
Output Board
The plant control will be implemented onto a PCB separate from the Main Control Unit Responsible for shift register and triac control It will communicate wirelessly between the output board and the Main Control Unit 1 MSP 430 will be utilized to drive the shift registers
Output Board Specifications
MSP 430 G 2553 1.8 – 3.6 V supply 230uA active consumption Drives triacs and shift registers 74 HC 595 Shift Register MAC 97 Triacs UART connectivity to Wireless Module
Main Control Unit (Hardware)
Control software of the plant will be housed in the MCU Once the state of the HVAC system is determined, the MCU will send the state to the Output Board which will take care the rest Also in charge of gathering data from the Remote Sensor Modules Communicates with Web App Stellaris LM 3 S 8962 Microcontroller
System Block Diagram
Temperature/ Humidity Hardware
Using a digital Temperature/Humidity Sensor from Honeywell HIH 6130 Accurate to 4% RH Operates from 0-100% RH Accurate to .025 C SPI 3.3V supply 0.6-0.75mA current consumption
CO2 Measurement
MC 811 Low cost CO2 measurement Analog output voltage which requires amplification Sensitive from 250ppm to 10000ppm Requires 200mA at 6V LMC 660 Very High input impedance FET op-amp Used to amplify the output to a usable level for the microcontroller
User Interface
One 1.8
inch TFT color display 16 bit color resolution 160 x 128 pixels SPI interface 4 push buttons Used for simple input
Wireless Communication Specifications
MSP 430 G 2553 UART Connectivity to modules CC 110 L Transceiver Anaren booster pack Frequency Band: 779 – 928 MHz 200nA sleep mode consumption SPI connection between transceiver and MSP Creates single code base for wireless communications
System Block Diagram
Stellaris Internet Connectivity
Modified lwIPhttpd (web server) implementation provided with Stellarisware.
CGI adapter provided by Stellarisware sample code.
unsigned long FindCGIParameter ( const char *pcToFind, char *pcParam[], int iNumParams) Searches the list of parameters passed to a CGI handler and returns the index of a given parameter within that list.
long GetCGIParam ( const char tBoolean *pbError) *pcName, char *pcParams[], char *pcValue[], int iNumParams, Searches the list of parameters passed to a CGI handler for a parameter with the given name and, if found, reads the parameter value as a decimal number.
unsigned long EncodeFormString ( const char *pcDecoded, char *pcEncoded, unsigned long ulLen) Encodes a string for use within an HTML tag, escaping non alphanumeric characters. This function encodes a string, adding escapes in place of any special, non-alphanumeric characters.
unsigned long ulLen) DecodeFormString ( const char *pcEncoded, char *pcDecoded, unsigned long Decodes a string encoded as part of an HTTP URI. This function decodes a string which has been encoded using the method described in RFC 1738 , section 2.2 for URLs.
Web App Hosting
Clock Frequency RAM Storage Ethernet Operating System HTTP Server Application Programming Data storage Cost
Stellaris LM3S8962
50 Mhz 64 KB SRAM
Beaglebone
720 Mhz 256 MB DDR2
Google App Engine
N/A N/A 256 KB Flash + microSD Yes None C (Custom coded using lwIP) C CSV ~$90 (dev board) microSD Yes Linux Apache/Lightt pd C/Python/PHP /Perl/Java CSV/SQL ~$90 (dev board) N/A N/A N/A N/A Python/Java/Go Datastore N/A
End-to-End Connectivity
Web App Hosting
Google App Engine Cloud computing: Platform as a service Hosting on Google's infrastructure Google Cloud = Distributed resources No need to manage server Application development: Python Java Data storage: Google Datastore
Python/ Java
Is it Free?
Learning Curve Does it need to compile?
Other tools?
Built In Docs?
Script?
Difficulty of Implementation in the Google App Engine
Python
Free and Open Source Simple Syntax
Java
Free and Open Source Lacks Simple Syntax No Wide range of tools and libraries Yes Yes Yes Large range of libraries No No Very straight forward implementation Not very straight forward
Webapp2
Lightweight framework Flexible and easy to extend Built into Google App Engine WSGI Adapter Interface between web server and web application Also responsible for handling uncaught exceptions Templating HTML embedded in code is messy and difficult to maintain.
Using a templating system we can dynamically generate portions of the HTML and embed special placeholders in the HTML files to indicate where the generated content should appear.
Django templating engine
Webapp2 Handlers
handlers.ReadingsHandler
handlers.ZonesHandler
handlers.UsersHandler
handlers.PlantsHandler
handlers.SchedulesHandler
handlers.ThermostatsHandler
handlers.LoginHandler
handlers.ReportsHandler
Google Datastore
Horizontally distributed database based on Google's Bigtable Manages very large sets of structured data Allows for scaling of applications as they receive more traffic Object datastore Objects are called entities Entity kinds (classes) Modeled in Python or Java Supports atomic transactions Python and Java APIs Google Query Language: flexible but not as much as SQL
Data Models
Every entity has its own unique key property Implicitly created by the App Engine during entity creation.
Includes the entity kind and a unique numeric ID that is automatically assigned.
System Block Diagram
Operating Environment
Development Platform: Google App Engine Backend Programming Language: Python Primary Client-Side Scripting Framework: jQuery Mobile (JavaScript)
Why jQuery Mobile?
HTML 5 and CSS 3 Compatibility Works on both Android and iOS Professional Layout for PC, Tablet and Mobile Devices Compatibility with Firefox, Chrome, Safari and others Allows for rich touch screen interfaces for mobile devices
Simple Splitview
jQuery Mobile plugin which utilizes white space by splitting the menu options on the left side and the displayed selection on the right A PC/ Tablet layout will have a split in the middle between these two parts of the web app to fill in the white space A Mobile layout will fit the menu options to the screen and upon user interaction will display the data
PC/ Tablet Landscape View
Mobile View
Web App Use Case Diagram
Scheduler
Standard HVAC systems typically do not include embedded schedulers for their users User will be able to adjust Set times, Humidity and Temperatures for specific zones in the system Users will be able to adjust their scheduler for a week at a time Coded using Python and JavaScript
Output Power Supply
Use readily available 24 VAC supply Most commercial HVAC controllers use a 24 VAC supply as standard Output 24 VAC for HVAC system control Use Full Wave rectifier and 3.3
V switching regulator for logic level power
OKI 7 8SR 3.3
7-36V
DE-SW 033
5-30V
TPS6 2111 R
3.3-17V Input Voltage Range Efficiency Current Cost 75-90% 1.5A
$4.35
83% 1.0A
$15.00
80-95% 1.0a
$3.72
Main Controller Power Supply
Use readily available 17V Laptop power supply 3.3
V switching regulator for logic level power Input Voltage Range Efficiency Current Cost
OKI 7 8SR 3.3
7-36V 75-90% 1.5A
$4.35
DE-SW 033
5-30V 83% 1.0A
$15.00
TPS6 2111 R
3.3-17V 80-95% 1.0a
$3.72
RSM Power Supply
RSM will use 4 AA batteries to supply the CO2 sensor’s heaters, as well as the op-amp’s Vcc 3.3
V regulator will be used for the sensors, the wireless communication and the main microcontroller
90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Plant Control RSM
Progress
Progress Database Web App PCB Wireless Module
Project Distribution
Plant Control RSM Database Web App PCB
Michael
5% 85% 5% 5% 75%
Javier
15% 5% 55% 35% 5%
Ryan
5% 5% 35% 55% 5%
Genaro
75% 5% 5% 5% 15%
Budget
Item
Sensor Microcontroller Humid/ Temp Sensors CO2 Sensors Graphical Display Unit(s) Input Peripheral Suite RSM Power Supplies Main Controller Power Supplies RF Module PCB Main Controller Triacs
Grand Total Quantity
8 4 4 4 4 4 1 6 5 2 16
Price (of each)
$1.00
$15.00
$20.00
$20.00
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$15.00
$33.00
$100.00
$2.00
Expected Budget
$8.00
$60.00
$80.00
$80.00
$20.00
$40.00
$15.00
$90.00
$165.00
$100.00
$32.00
$690.00
Budget so Far
$0.00
$20.00
$40.00
$30.00
$10.00
$10.00
$20.00
$70.00
$165.00
$100.00
$20.00
$485.00
Issues/ Concerns
Wireless Node Limit Collision During Wireless Transmit Duplicity of commands from Google App Engine to Stellaris Designing a Scheduler No touch event response on Google Chrome