Transcript Chemical Hazards - Jefferson Forest High School

Laboratory Safety
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Introduction to Laboratory
Safety
Safety Procedures
 Chemical Awareness
 Chemical Hygiene
 Material Safety Data Sheets
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Chemical Handling Basics
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NEVER EAT OR DRINK IN THE
LABORATORY!!!
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Know the hazards of the chemical.
Follow all prescribed safety procedures.
ALWAYS wear safety glasses and safety
gloves when handling any chemicals.
Secure long hair and remove all dangling
jewelry.
No open toe shoes, shorts, skirts or pants
with holes on lab days.
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Wash hands thoroughly before eating, taking
a break, or leaving class
Follow all instructions and do not mix any
chemicals without the teacher’s permission
Never smell a chemical directly, always “waft”
the chemical.
Report all accidents and broken equipment
immediately.
Clean up after yourselves.
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Know the locations and operating procedures
of all safety equipment.
Experiments must be personally monitored at
all times.
Never look into a container that is being
heated.
Heated metals and heated glass look the
same as cool metals and glass and remain
hot for a long time.
Students are never permitted in the storage
area without specific permission.
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Do NOT discard any chemicals or materials
into the sinks or the trash can. Dilution is NOT
the solution to pollution!
 Do not contaminate chemicals. Unused
chemicals become waste
 Keep your work area clean at all times.
 In case of a fire drill during an experiment,
close all containers, shut off gas valves, and
unplug any electrical equipment.
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 Horseplay,
practical jokes, and
pranks are dangerous and
prohibited.
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Chemical Awareness
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Know what you are working with.
Container Labels
 Material Safety Data Sheets
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Chemical States
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Chemicals can exist in one of three
chemical states:
solid
liquid
gas
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Labeling
All chemical compounds must be
labeled and classified;
 Any container not labeled should be
considered hazardous - call the teacher
immediately
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Labeling Requirements
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Manufacturer must provide information
about the hazards of a chemical using
MSDS and labels
Identity of chemical
 Name and address of the Manufacturer or other
responsible party
 Chemical, Physical and Health Hazards
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Hazardous Material Information
System (HMIS)
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Material Safety Data Sheets
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A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is
a safety sheet with important physical
and chemical properties as well as the
hazards of a chemical
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You must have a MSDS for
any “hazardous” chemical.
•According to OSHA, a chemical is a
hazardous if it is . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carcinogen
Corrosive
Irritant
Sensitizer
5. Highly Toxic
6. Toxic
7. Target Organ Effects
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Carcinogen: cancer causing
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A chemical is considered to be a
carcinogen or a potential carcinogen if it
is evaluated and listed by . . .
• International Agency for Research on
Cancer
• Annual Report on Carcinogens by the
National Toxicology Program
• OSHA
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Corrosives and Irritants
A Corrosive chemical causes visible
destruction or irreversible damage to
living tissue by chemical action at the
site of contact (burns or scars).
 An Irritant causes reversible
inflammatory effect on living tissue by
chemical action at the site of contact
(hives or a rash).
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Sensitizers
A Sensitizer causes a substantial
number of exposed people to develop
an allergic reaction after repeated
exposure.
 Note: people react to chemical
exposures differently based on health,
physical, chemical and environmental
factors
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Toxic and Highly Toxic
Toxic means that the chemical can
produce an acute and potentially fatal
reaction with a large dose.
 Highly toxic means that a small dose of
the chemical will cause an acute and
potentially fatal reaction.
 The difference is that the “Toxic”
concentrations are greater than the
“Highly Toxic” chemical.
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Target Organ Effects
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Causes damage to specific organs such
as the reproductive organs,
cardiovascular system, neurological
system, eyes, liver, kidneys and blood
and immune system
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MSDS Information
Chemical Name
 Handling Procedures
 Exposure Limits & Exposure Routes
 Personal Protective Equipment &Safety
Precautions
 Emergency Spill and Fire Procedures
 Disposal Procedures
 Explosion, Fire and Reactivity Potential
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MSDS Information (cont.)
Acute and Chronic Health Effects; &
Specific Health Risks, Carcinogen Listing
 First Aid Procedures
 Physical and Chemical Characteristics
 Date MSDS was Updated
 Signs and Symptoms of Over Exposure
 Name, Address, Phone # of Manufacturer
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How to Use the MSDS
Review an MSDS prior to using any
new chemical
 Know the signs and symptoms of over
exposure; if any you experience any of
these symptoms, immediately leave the
work area
 Know the basic hazards of the material
and take the appropriate safety
precautions
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Hazard Classes
Class 1:
 Class 2:
 Class 3:
 Class 4:
 Class 5:
 Class 6:
 Class 7:
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Explosives
Gases
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Solids
Oxidizers &Organic Peroxides
Poison
Radioactive Materials
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Hazard Classes (continued)
Class 8:
 Class 9:
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Corrosives
Miscellaneous Dangerous
Goods
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Explosive Hazards
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Explosive Limit: The range of
concentration of a flammable gas or
vapor in which explosion can occur
upon ignition in a confined area;
measured in % by volume in air (LEL,
UEL) example:
Diesel Fuel
0.7 - 5%
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Fire Hazards
Class A: Combustible Materials such as
wood, paper and cloth.
Extinguish: Water, Carbon Dioxide
 Class B: Flammable Liquids such as
gasoline.
Extinguish: Carbon Dioxide, Dry
chemical foam
DO NOT USE WATER!
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Fire Hazards (continued)
Class C:
Electrical Equipment
Extinguish: Carbon Dioxide, Dry
chemical foam
DO NOT USE WATER!
 Class D: Burning metals such as
Magnesium and Zirconium
Extinguish: Powdered Graphite,
sand
DO NOT USE WATER!
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Chemical Characteristics
pH: Represents the acidity or alkalinity
of an aqueous solution.
 pH Range: 0-14 Standard Units (S.U.)
Neutral 7
Acid
0-7
Base
7 - 14
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Corrosive
Acids or Bases can be corrosive
 RCRA: pH of <2 S.U. or >12.5 S.U.
 DOT: pH of <6.0 S.U. or >8.0 S.U.
 Can irreversibly damage human tissue
 Can corrode steel at a rate of >6.35
mm/year at 55oC
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The Laboratory
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Know your Laboratory
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Glassware
Only use glassware that had been
thoroughly and properly cleaned and dried.
 Do not use glassware that has been
chipped, cracked or etched.
 Use the appropriate size of glassware for
your experiments.
 Hot glassware looks exactly like cool
glassware! Use tongs.
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Heating Samples
ALWAYS use goggles or safety glasses
 Do not look directly in the beaker or test
tube, point the apparatus away from you
 Use a boiling stone if necessary
 Place hot samples on a wire mesh or
other cooling surface; NOT THE
TABLE!
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NEVER MOUTH
PIPET!
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Safety Equipment
Fire Extinguishers
 Fire Blanket
 Fume Hood
 Eye-wash stations
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Goggles, Aprons, Gloves
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In Case of Fire
In the event of a fire, evacuate
immediately.
 Notify the teacher.
 DO NOT USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER!
 Fire Blankets are available.
 Your safety is more important than the
lab.
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In case of Accident
Tell the teacher IMMEDIATELY!
 Use your best safety judgement
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Fume Hoods
A fume hood is designed to evacuate a
hazardous atmosphere.
 Before you proceed with any laboratory
experiment, make sure the fume hood is
turned on.
 Turn off the fume hood only after all
reagents and glassware are cleaned
and put away.
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Eye-wash stations
If a chemical is splashed in your face,
have your lab partner walk you over to
the eye-wash station IMMEDIATELY!
 Notify the teacher IMMEDIATELY!
 Safety showers are available if you
splash a chemical on your clothing.
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Bunsen Burner
Bunsen burners use Natural Gas as the
fuel.
 If you smell gas, notify the teacher
immediately.
 Turn the gas on ONLY when you are ready
to begin using the burner.
 Use the sparking tool to ignite the gas.
 Turn the valve “OFF” after you are finished.
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Solvents & Reagents
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“AAA”: Always Add Acids to water; this
is a mild acid-base reaction which
produces a small amount of heat. If
improperly diluted, enough heat can be
generated to crack or burst the
glassware
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Solvents & Reagent
Dangers
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Solvents are flammable and toxic.
Wash the skin thoroughly with water if it
comes in contact with any solvent or
reagent.
Some solvents may cause allergic
reactions, headaches or skin irritation.
Notify the teacher immediately if you are
experiencing any discomfort.
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Waste
DO NOT DISCARD CHEMICALS
DOWN THE SINK DRAIN, unless
directed to by the teacher.
 DO discard chemicals in the appropriate
and marked container.
 Do not leave any chemicals in an
unmarked container.
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Spills
If any reagent or solvent is spilled in the
laboratory, notify the teacher
immediately.
 Do not try to clean up a spill with a
paper towel or other absorbent on your
own.
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Personal Protective
Equipment
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SAFETY GLASSES & GOGGLES
Prescription eyeglasses are NOT safety
glasses; even with side shields.
 Contacts are okay, UNLESS otherwise
stated
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Protective Clothing
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No open toed shoes
Protective Aprons
 Gloves
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