Transcript CONFINED SPACE TOPICS OF DISCUSSION

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
SUPERVISOR COURSE
(Please Sign in)
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
SUPERVISOR COURSE
 Confined Space defined
 Confined Space Program Goal
 Fatality Statistics
 Confined Space Entry
 Identifying, evaluating and classifying CS
 Permit System
 Entry Permit
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY
SUPERVISOR COURSE CONT:
 Master Entry Permit
 Training Requirements
 Duties and Responsibilities
 Emergency Rescue
 Support Equipment
 General Information
 Course Review
Confined Space Defined
(AFOSH STD 91-25)
 A Confined Space:
– Is large enough and so configured that an employee can
bodily enter and perform work
– Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for
example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers,
vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means
of entry)
– Is not designed for continuous occupancy
Confined Space Program Goal
–Simply Stated, our goal
is to not experience a
single injury or death
Fatality Statistics by Employment
Goverment
23%
Self-Employeed
24%
Private
53%
Fatalities/ Employment Category
Investigations by NIOSH 1983-1993
Fatality Statistics by Training
No Training
6%
41%
19%
34%
On-The-Job Safety
Training
Specific Training
Classroom Confined
Space Training
Fatalities
Type of Training Received by Victim
Investigations by NIOSH 1983-1993
Fatality Statistics by Type of Entry
19%
No Training
6%
Tank
Pipeline/Tunnel
5%
22%
Tanker Truck
Utility Vault
Vat/Pit Digester
19%
Silo/Bin
Sewer/Manhole
3%2%
2%
22%
Fatalities/ Type of Entry by Victim
Investigations by NIOSH 1983-1993
Well
Fatality Statistics by Reason for Entry
4%
Construction
5%1%
5%
Inspection
36%
10%
Repair/maint
Rescue
Retrieve Object
Dislodge Material
39%
Fatalities/ Reason for Entry by Victim
Investigations by NIOSH 1983-1993
Uknown
Identifying, Evaluating and
Classifying Confined
Space
a. The Functional Manager or Commander, in
coordination with personnel on the CSPT, will;
Identify, Evaluate, Classify each Confined
Space
1. Identify; Locate your Confined
Spaces and ensure you are
responsible for that facility.
2. Evaluate; Your Confined Spaces and fill out a
survey form for each Confined Space.
3. Classify; Confined Spaces are classified on the
basis of measurements of;
a. Space Characteristics
(potential physical hazards)
b. Oxygen content
c. Flammability
d. Toxicity
* Bio-Environmental, Fire Department and Wing
Safety will be present during classification
 If the workplace contains permit spaces:
– All personnel are informed of the existence, location,
and the danger
– Note: A sign reading DANGER -- PERMITREQUIRED CONFINED SPACE, DO NOT ENTER or
some similar language would satisfy the requirement
 If the employees will not enter permit spaces:
– Preventative measure will be taken to prevent entry into
permit spaces
 If the employee will enter permit spaces the
employer will:
– Implement a written permit program
 Before removing cover:
– Eliminate any condition making it unsafe to remove an
entrance cover
 The opening shall be promptly guarded by:
– Railing
– Temporary cover
– Temporary barrier
 Before entry into the space:
– Internal atmosphere shall be tested
• Using calibrated direct-reading instrument
• By a qualified person for the following conditions in the order
given
– Oxygen content
– Flammable content
– Potential toxic air contaminant
 There shall be no hazardous atmosphere within the
space whenever any employee is inside the space
Confined Space Entry
Ventilation
 Continuous forced air ventilation shall be used as
follows:
– An employee may not enter the space until the forced
air ventilation has eliminated any hazardous atmosphere
– The forced air ventilation shall be directed as to
ventilate the immediate area where an employee is or
will be present and shall continue until all employees
have left the space
– The air supply for the forced air ventilation shall be
from a clean source and may not increase the hazards in
the space
 The atmosphere within the space shall be
periodically tested
 If a hazardous atmosphere is detected during
entry:
– Each employee shall leave the space immediately
– The space shall be evaluated to determine how the
hazardous atmosphere developed
– Implement procedures to protect employees from any
hazards before any subsequent entries takes place
– Verify the space is safe for entry through a written
certification that contains:
– Date
– Location of space
– Signature of person providing the certification
 The certification shall be made before entry and
made available to each employee entering the
space
 When there are changes in the use or configuration
on a non-permit confined space the space will be
reevaluate and reclassified as necessary
 A space classified as a permit required confined
space may be reclassified as a non-permit
confined space under the following conditions:
– If the permit space poses no actual or potential
atmospheric hazards
– If all hazards within the space are eliminated without
entry into the space
– If testing and inspection during entry demonstrate that
the hazards have been eliminated
• Note: Control of atmospheric hazards through forced air
ventilation does not constitute elimination of the hazard
– The employer shall document the basis for determining
that all hazards have been eliminated through a
certification that contains a date, location of space and
signature of person making the determination
 If hazards arise within a permit space each
employee in the space will exit
PERMIT SYSTEM
 The employer, through the permit system shall:
– Complete and document all steps necessary for entry
– Require initials or signature of persons completing the
steps
– Post permit at entry and make the permit available to
all authorized entrants
– Ensure permit is signed by supervisor
– Duration of permit may not exceed time required to
complete assigned task
– Permit must be canceled if a prohibited condition
arises, or work has been completed
– The employer shall retain each canceled entry permit
for 1 year. Any problems encountered during an entry
operation shall be noted on the pertinent permit, so that
appropriate revisions to the program can be made
ENTRY PERMIT
 Permit required when space
• Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous
atmosphere
• Contains a material that can engulf an entrant
• Internal configuration of the space that an entrant
could be trapped or asphyxiated
• Contains any other recognized serious safety or
health hazards
ENTRY PERMIT
AF FM 1024
 Identifies:
– Space to be entered
– Purpose of entry
– Date and authorized duration of the entry permit
– Authorized entrants within the permit space by name
– Entry supervisor, by name with a space for the
signature
– Hazards of the permit space
– Measures used to isolate the permit space and to
eliminate or control permit space hazards before entry
–
–
–
–
–
Acceptable entry conditions
Test results with signature or initials of tester(s)
Rescue services and the means for summoning them
Communication procedures and equipment
Equipment, such as PPE, testing, communications,
alarm systems and rescue
– Any other information needed to ensure safe entry
– Any additional permits (such as for hot work)
– No Permit required when space is
• Considered Non-Hazardous
• Entries into these spaces do not require an entry
permit
• “Buddy System”
• The process or the operation being conducted
within the confined space may change the space to
a Permit Required Confined Space
• Validate that hazardous conditions do not exist
before entering the space
MASTER ENTRY PERMIT
(MEP)
1. The MEP is nothing more than a master permit
that identifies all your routinely entered confined
spaces. You have all of these areas documented on
your MEP.
2. The MEP, a part of the overall written confined
spaces program, will serve as an approval for
recurring entries having the same conditions and
entry requirements when signed by representatives of
SEG, CEF and BEE.
3. The MEP allows functional managers and
commanders to designate entry supervisors to
issue Field Entry Permits. Your MEP must be
reviewed by supervisor and re-certified each
year and signed by;
a. Bio-environmental Engineering (BE)
b. Fire Department (CEF)
c. Group Safety (SEG)
4. Once your MEP is approved and certified
you are authorized to issue Field Entry Permits
for entry into areas specifically identified on the
MEP
5. To ensure your MEP contains all required areas,
refer to AFOSH STD 91-25 Pg 7, para 2.10.4 dated
Feb 1998
TRAINING
REQUIREMENTS
 The supervisor shall provide training so that all
personnel acquire the understanding, knowledge, and
skills necessary for safe performance of assigned
duties:
– Before the employee is assigned any duties
– Before there is a change in assigned duties
– Whenever employer has reason to believe either there are
deviations from permit space entry procedures or
inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use of these
procedures
DUTIES AND
RESPONSIBILITIES
a. KEY POSITIONS
 1. Entry Supervisor
 2. Attendant
 3. Entrant(s)
* MANDATORY POSITIONS
 4. Runner/Equipment monitor
The following positions will only be maintained if you provide
your own qualified rescue team and approved respiratory gear.
5. Emergency Rescue
6. Air Bottle/Regulator Monitor
7. Runner/Equipment Monitor
DUTIES OF AUTHORIZED
ENTRANT
 The supervisor shall ensure that authorized entrants:
– Know the hazards that may be faced during entry, signs or
symptoms, and consequences of the exposure
– Proper use of required equipment
– Communicate with attendant as necessary
– Alert the attendant whenever:
• The entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of
exposure to a dangerous situation
• The entrant detects a prohibited condition
– Exit from the permit space as quickly as possible when:
• An order to evacuate is given by the attendant or entry supervisor
• The entrant recognizes any warning signs or symptoms of
exposure to a dangerous situation
• The entrant detects a prohibited condition
• An evacuation alarm is activated
DUTIES OF ATTENDANT
– Know the hazards that may be faced during entry,
including information on the mode, signs or symptoms,
and consequences of the exposure
– Is aware of possible behavioral effects of hazard exposure
in authorized entrant
– Continuously maintains an accurate count of authorized
entrants in the permit space
– Remains outside the permit space during entry operations
until relieved by another attendant
– Communicates with authorized entrants, monitors entrants
status and alerts entrants upon need to evacuate
– Monitor activities inside and outside the space to
determine if it is safe for entrants to remain in the space
and order the entrants to evacuate under any of the
following conditions:
• If the attendant detects a prohibited condition
• If the attendant detects the behavioral affects of hazard exposure
in an entrant
• If the attendant detects a situation outside the space that could
endanger the entrants
• If the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform assigned
duties
– Summon rescue and other emergency services as soon as
attendant determines that authorized entrants may need
assistance to escape from the space
– Take the following actions when unauthorized persons
approach or enter a permit space while entry is underway:
• Warn the person to stay away from the space
• Advise them to exit the space immediately if they have entered the
space
• Inform entrants and entry supervisor if a person has entered the
permit space
– Perform non-entry rescues IAW rescue procedures
– Perform no duties that might interfere with the attendant
primary duties
DUTIES OF ENTRY SUPERVISOR
 The employer shall ensure each entry supervisor:
– Know the hazards that may be faced during entry
– Verifies that acceptable conditions for entry exist
– Terminate and cancels the permit as required
– Verifies that rescue services are available and that the
means to call them are operable
– Remove unauthorized individuals who enter or who
attempt to enter the permit space during entry operations
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
a. The MEP will include emergency and rescue
procedures consistent with the nature of each
known operation of entry into a PRCS.
b. The entry supervisor will coordinate with CEF
SEG, and BEE when required to enter non-routine
permit-required confined spaces that are not
included in the MEP and establish emergency
rescue procedures.
c. There are three primary means of provided
rescue;
1. Self-Rescue
2. Centrally Located Rescue Team
3. Organizational Rescue Team
Self-Rescue;
a. To exit from the confined space as rapidly as
possible whenever an order is given to evacuate
by the attendant and/or supervisor.
b. Whenever entrant recognizes hazardous
conditions warranting exit from the confined
space.
Centrally Located Rescue Team;
a. The Base Fire Department will normally provide
rescue services for operations requiring entry into a
permit-required CS on an Air Force installation
b. The supervisor in charge of entry will contact
the Fire Department for coordination and to ensure it’s
availability within a reasonable period of time.
c. When deemed appropriate by the Fire Dept, the
rescue team should stand by scene. i.e., IDLH entries
Organizational Rescue Team;
a. When confined space work is performed outside the
installation or the Fire Department is unable to support
the operation, the supervisor in charge of entry will
ensure ORT is available or the work is rescheduled.
b. These types of rescue teams shall consist of trained
personnel equipped with appropriate PPE, to include
respiratory entry gear and rescue retrieval equipment.
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
a. Atmospheric Monitoring Equipment;
1. Test for LEL, Oxygen, Toxicity
NOTE: Testing enables employers both to devise and
implement adequate control measures for the protection of
authorized entrants and to determine if acceptable entry
conditions are present immediately prior to, and during,
entry.
b. Safety and Rescue Equipment
1. Tri -Pod with extractor winch
2. Life Line with lockable D-ring attachment
3. Safety Harness or Wristlets
4. Pressure Demand Type-C Respiratory Protection
equipment with 5 min egress air bottle.
5. Fresh Air Bottles/cylinders
c. Operational Support Equipment
1. Air movers
2. Air Compressor
3. Miscellaneous Tools and Materials
SUPPORT EQUIPMENT CONT:
GENERAL INFORMATION
a. General Information
1. Each organization shall develop a
structured and effective training program to establish
safe work practices and techniques
2. All Lesson/training plans must be approved prior to
use by SEG, CEF, and BEE
3. Bio-environmental Engineering (BEE) will provide
local training on the use, calibration (user) and care of
atmospheric testing and monitoring equipment
b. General Training Requirements
1. The Entry supervisor or Shop Supervisor will ensure
all personnel under their direct supervision are trained in
the following areas:
a. Hazard Recognition; Potential pre-entry hazards
b. The proper use and wear of PPE
c. Self Rescue Procedures/How to Activate Rescue Team
d. Key Position Duties and Specific Responsibilities
e. The use of Atmospheric Monitoring
f. The use of Retrieval/Rescue Equipment as appropriate
g. Proper/effective use of developed Confined Space
Program
c. Documentation of Training; All Confined Space
training for entry supervisors, entrants, attendants, testers ,
and rescue team members shall be certified and documented
on the AF Form 55 Employee Safety and Health Record.
1. Certification shall contain:
a. Individuals name
b. Dates of Training/Recurring training
c. The initials or signature of the trainer
2. Individuals designated to conduct atmospheric testing
of confined spaces must be trained in the following;
a. Proper operation of test equipment.
b. Calibration of test equipment.
c. Qualified to interpret test results
PROGRAM REVIEW