Transcript Confined Space Training

Confined Space Training
29 CFR 1910.146
Confined Space Defined
• Is large enough and so configured that an employee can
bodily enter and perform assigned work; AND
• Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; AND
• Is not designated for continuous employee occupancy.
Permit Required Confined Space
(PRCS)
Confined space that has one or more of the following
characteristics:
1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere;
2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant;
3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be
trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by
sloped/tapered floors; Or
4. Contains any other serious “recognized” hazard
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere that may expose employees to the
risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of
ability for self-rescue (unaided), injury or acute
illness from one or more of the following
causes:
1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its LFL;
2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or
exceeds its LFL;
3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above
23.5%;
4. Atmospheric concentration of any substance in Sub Parts
H or Z which exceeds the PELs.
5. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately
dangerous to life or health
Non-Permit Confined Space
• A confined space that does not contain or,
with respect to atmospheric hazards, have
the potential to contain any hazard capable
of causing death or serious physical harm.
Confined Space Entry….
• Entry: The action by which a person passes
through an opening into a permit-required
confined space; Entry includes ensuing
work activities in that space and is
considered to have occurred as soon as any
part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane
of an opening into the space.
Confined Space Personnel
• Authorized Entrant
– Enters the confined space
• Authorized Attendant
– Stands watch outside the entry point of the
space
• Entry Supervisor
– Oversees entry, ensures conformity to permit &
acceptable conditions for entry
Confined Space Program
• Written program.
• Responsibility, Accountability & Duties: Outline for each
major position; provide training
• CS Inventory: List both Permit Required Confined Spaces
(PRCS) and Confined Spaces (CS); list hazards for each;
Note any changes in use or procedures that would reclassify space
• Unauthorized Entry Prevention: All employees aware of
CS locations; use signs, training and/or LOTO. Prohibit
entry!!!
• Permit System: Spells out the permit content; must
describe methods to be used to issue, post, cancel and audit
permits, and to return spaces back to service.
Confined Space Program
• Attendants: Provide at least one attendant outside the
PRCS for the duration of each entry.
- Specify duties & general qualifications
- Multiple spaces?
• Entry Preparation: Outline the equipment and methods to
be used to identify and evaluate hazards. Confirm that
conditions are safe to enter and will remain so for the
duration of the entry.
** Entry Permit verifies these steps for the proposed entry
Confined Space Program
• Permit Space Reclassification: Can reclassify to a
Non-Permit CS if conditions met:
- all actual/potential hazards ELIMINATED
- entries to evaluate or eliminate hazards require full
Permit-Required CS program
- certify basis of reclassification, space, date, signature
- if hazards arise, exit space
• Non-Permit Space Procedures: With introduction
of hazards, NPCSs can quickly become PRCSs.
Identify spaces and prohibit entry except by
authorization.
Confined Space Program
• Evacuation & Rescue:
- Procedures clearly spelled-out
- Rescue teams made available
- Means of contact provided
- Appropriate equipment available; retrieval systems for
non-entry rescue; vertical >5 ft
- In-house rescue teams are OPTIONAL!
- Dial 911 & notify of confined space emergency, you
may attempt retrieval at that point
Confined Space Program
• Medical Surveillance: medical suitability should be
determined for entrants, attendants, entry supervisors and
rescue teams. Other standards may apply.
• Program Revision & Auditing:
- unauthorized entry; injury or near-miss
- prohibited conditions; space changes
- employee complaints
Confined Space Program
• Training: certified in writing
- for each affected employee
- before first assignment & with changes
- deviations from space entry procedures
- shall establish employee proficiency
• Contractors: Host employer must:
- inform about PRCS
- apprise of precautions/procedures
- coordinate entry operations if both companies’ employees involved
- debrief contractor
- construction contractors working in general industry locations
Confined Space Permit System
• Space & purpose of
entry
• Date & entry duration
• Authorized entrants
• Attendants
• Entry Supervisor
• Hazards of the PRCS
• Acceptable entry
conditions
CONFINED
SPACE
PERMIT
• Results of initial &
periodic tests
• Rescue & emergency
services
• Communication
procedures
• Equipment to be used
• Any other safety info
• Other permits
Atmospheric Testing
• Evaluation Testing: CS analyzed using equipment
of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify
any hazardous atmosphere that may exist or arise.
- develop permit entry procedures by
results
- conducted/reviewed by technically qualified
professional
TOP
MIDDLE
BOTTOM
Atmospheric Testing
• Verification Testing: “Periodic” testing for
residues of all contaminants identified by
evaluation testing.
- permit specified equipment
- ensure concentrations within acceptable ranges of permit
entry conditions
- record results on permit
- testing stratified atmospheres
- order of testing (Oxygen, LEL, CO, H2S)
Typical Hazardous Contaminants
• CH4 (METHANE) = LIGHTER THAN AIR
• CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) = SAME AS AIR
• H2S (HYDROGEN SULFIDE) = HEAVIER
<1
AIR=1
>1
Sampling Strategy
• Sample Bottom, Center and Top of Space
Multi-Gas Instruments
•
•
•
•
OXYGEN - MIN 19.5% , MAX 23.5%
CO - ALARM = 35PPM
COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM = 10% LEL
H2S - ALARM =10 PPM
Oxygen (O2)
20.9% = NORMAL
• 15% - 19% = DECREASED ABILITY AT STRENUOUS WORK
AND BREATHING DIFFICULTIES, PEOPLE W/ CORONARY,
PULMONARY, OR CIRCULATION DIFFICULTIES.
• 10% - 12% = RESPIRATION RATE INCREASES, LOSS OF
JUDGEMENT, LIPS TURN BLUE
• 8% - 10% = MENTAL FAILURE, ASHEN COMPLEXION,
NAUSEA.
• 6% - 8% = FATAL AT 8 MINUTES , 50% FATAL AT 6 MINUTES,
TREATMENT REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY AT 4 TO 5
MINUTES
• 4% - 6% = COMA WITHIN 40 SECONDS, CONVULSIONS,
CEASED RESPIRATION, FOLLOWED BY DEATH
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• 35 PPM = ALARM LEVEL - PERMISSIBLE OVER 8
HOURS
• 200 PPM = SLIGHT HEADACHE AFTER 3 HOURS
• 600 PPM = SEVERE HEADACHE, DISCOMFORT @ 1
HOUR
• 2000 PPM = CONFUSION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA @ 2
HRS
• 2500 PPM = ALL OF THE ABOVE WITH
PALPITATION OF THE HEART AND
UNCONCIENCENESS @ 30 MINUTES
• 4000 PPM = DEATH UNDER 1 HOUR !!
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
• 10 PPM = ALARM LEVEL, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE
LIMIT
• 15 PPM = SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT @ 15
MINUTES
• 50-100 PPM = MILD EYE IRRITATION, LOSS OF
SENSE OF SMELL, MILD RESPIRATORY
IRRITATION @ 1 HOUR
• 200 - 300 PPM = PRONOUNCED EYE IRRITATION,
MARKED RESPIRATORY IRRITATION.
• 500 - 700 PPM = UNCONCIOUSNESS LEADING TO
DEATH WITHIN 1 HOUR
• +1000 PPM = DEATH WITHIN MINUTES !!
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)