The Dynamic Tendencies of

Physical and Chemical Properties

Presented By: HMERT Brian Ramsey

Why Demonstrate

Visual Education Increased Awareness of Hazardous Materials Death by POWER POINT Increased Knowledge of Chemistry and Toxicology (What we really need to know to be SAFE!) Risk Based Response Home Safety Plus This Stuff is REALLY COOL!

Target Audience

Hazmat Technicians / Specialist’s Chemical Facilities Process Safety Engineers Municipal Fire Departments Safety Professionals

Synthron Chemical Explosion Pictures Courtesy of CSB Barton Solvents Flammable Liquid Explosion and Fire

Huge blaze erupts at Oklahoma chemical plant following container explosions

Veolia Environmental Services Flammable Vapor Explosion and Fire Williams Olefins Plant Explosion and Fire

Physical & Chemical Properties

• • Significant in Assessing Hazards and Managing Risk; Will it Hurt Me? How?

IDLH, TWA /PEL values • Identifying your “TARGET” Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis Using Instrumentation.

Necessary for proper PPE selection

Physical / Chemical Properties

Physical Properties: Observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe or describe matter.

Essential Knowledge for Dealing with Hazardous Materials

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

FLASH POINT Fire Point Flammable Limits Minimum temperature that a substance gives off vapors sufficient to burn in the presence of an ignition source Minimum temperature that a substance will continue to burn in the absence of ignition source Explosive range or LEL / UEL Auto Ignition Temperature Toxicity Temperature at which a substance will spontaneously ignite with out the presence of an ignition source Stability Reactivity Ionization Potential

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Fuel State of Matter SOLID / LIQUID / GAS Boiling Point Temperature at which the pressure of the vapors = atmospheric pressure Vapor Pressure Molecules escaping from liquid or solid Volatility How readily a substance vaporizes. Substances that vaporize at room temperature are considered to be Volatile Specific Gravity Relationship of substance to water Vapor Density Solubility Relationship of substance to Air Ability of Solute to dissolve in solvent

Flammable Liquids Physical Relationships Low BP FP HO High IT VC VP BP FP HO IT VC VP Low

Physical & Chemical Properties Material Acetone Methanol Isopropanol Ethyl Alcohol Heptane Toluene Ethyl Ether Propylene Propane Hydrogen Acetylene Flash Point Ignition Temperature Lower % by Volume in Air Upper % by volume Specific Gravity (W) = 1.0

Vapor Density (A) = in Air 1.0

Water Soluble Boiling Point 0F 52F 53 55F 25F 40F -49 EXP 260 270 800 NA 869F 867F 750F 685F 399F 896F 356F 851F 842F 752F 571F 2.1

6 2 3.3

1.1

1.1

1.9

2.4

2.1

3 2.5

12.8

36 12.7

19 7 7.1

36 10.3

9.5

75 100 0.79

0.79

0.79

0.79

0.68

0.87

0.71

NA NA NA NA 2.1

1.1

2.07

1.58

3.5

3.17

2.55

1.45

1.5

0.1

Miscible Miscible Miscible Miscible Insoluble Insoluble 8% 0.05% 0.01% <5% 0.91 Moderate 132F 52F 181F 173F 208F 232F 94F -53.8

-44 -422 -119

Simple Hazard Analysis / Risk Assessment

Simple Hazard Analysis / Risk Assessment

Simple Hazard Analysis / Risk Assessment

Physical / Chemical Properties “Hazmat Response Constants” • Air= 14.7 Psi / 760 mmHg 29 AMU Water= 8.34 lbs/gal 1% = 10,000 ppm Branching: Lowers Boiling Points Materials must be @ Flash Point to burn, given a ignition source is present.

Polar Solvents “OH” Mix with water Temperature always affects Pressure

Todays Demonstrations

Physical State Flash Point Boiling Point Vapor Pressure Vapor Density Specific Gravity Solubility Polar /vs/ Non-Polar Lower Explosive Limit // Upper Explosive Limit Surface Area / vs / Reaction Rate Static Electricity Stoichiometric Reactions Expansion Ratio

DYNAMIC TENDANCIES OF Hazardous Materials WARNING STATEMENT!

The demonstrations you are about to see, have been laboratory tested, and performed through research and development methods. It is strongly recommended that you do not attempt to try this yourself. These are hazardous materials, and they can pose serious harm and even death if not treated with respect!

Enjoy The Show

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