Chapter 6 A New Industrial Age
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Transcript Chapter 6 A New Industrial Age
CHAPTER 6 A NEW
INDUSTRIAL AGE
Section 1 The
Expansion of
Industry
NATURAL RESOURCES FUEL
INDUSTRIALIZATION
Several factors to industrial boom: wealth of natural
resources, government support for business, and urban
population growing
Edwin L. Drake: used the steam engine in drilling process to
increase capacity of oil output
Bessemer Process: process of Injecting hot air into iron to
make steel which was a stronger material
NATURAL RESOURCES FUEL
INDUSTRIALIZATION
New uses for Steel: Brooklyn Bridge, skyscrapers, and cars
Thomas Alva Edison: invented a system of producing and
distributing electricity over greater areas
Christopher Sholes: invented the typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell: invented telephone and world wide
communications network
SECTION 2 THE AGE OF
THE RAILROADS
American
History
chapter 6
THE AGE OF THE RAILROADS
America makes the first transcontinental railroad, it connects
the east and west coast
Professor C. F. Dowd: invents time zones by dividing up the
earth into 24 time zones
The railroads puts demands on major manufacturing for the
products from them
New towns and markets develop along the railroad
George M. Pullman: Company that produces sleeper cars for
travelers, eventually so big that he makes his own town and
rules
Credit Mobilier: a construction company that charged two to
three times the actually cost were the owners made the
excess profit.
The Grange demands government control of the railroad
because of abuses: government land grants and selling excess
for profit, and overcharging cargos to there destinations
Granger laws: set maximum freight and passenger rates along
with prohibiting discrimination
Munn v. Illinois: challenges granger laws, Supreme court
upholds the granger laws
Interstate Commerce Act 1887: Federal government
supervises railroad activities and establishes a five member
commission/interstate commerce commission to regulate
rates
Panic and Consolidation: many railroads go bankrupt, JP
MORGAN and Company takes over and reorganizes the
railroads.
SECTION 3 BIG
BUSINESS AND LABOR
American
History
chapter 6
BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR
Andrew Carnegie Steel Company
Business innovations
Vertical Integration: a process of buying out his suppliers
needed in his business
Horizontal Integration: a process of buying out all competitors
and controlled the prices
Social Darwinism and business
Social Darwinism: believed in the process of natural selection,
only the strong will survive and live on.
4000 millionares emerged after the Civil War
John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company
Joined competing companies in trust agreements and led his
control of oil industry
Controlled 90% of the oil refining business
Critics of these big business people called them
ROBBERBARONS
Eventually gave away half his fortune to charities and other
foundations: started the Rockefeller foundation
GOVERNMENT, THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY,
AND THE UNIONS
Sherman Anti-trust act: made it illegal to form a trust that
interfered with free trade between States. The act was hard to
enforce and courts threw out most of the cases
Southern economy was bypassed by the industrial boom
Long hours, poor working conditions, and low wages brings
labor unions to form
National Labor Union, Knights of labor, and Samuel Gompers
American Federation of labor brings dif ferent skilled people to
form unions
Colored people were not able to join so they formed their own
unions
Industrial Unions: Eugene V. Debs forms American Railway
Union
William “Big Bill” Haywood forms Industrial Workers of the
World or the Wobblies
All strike in protest of better working conditions
GREAT STRIKES
The Great Strike of 1877: Baltimore and Ohio Railroad protest
2 nd wage cut in a month, the strike turns violent
The Haymarket Af fair: Protest of police brutality turns violent
after someone from the protesters tossed a bomb into the
crowd.
The Homestead Strike: At Carnegie steel plant in Pennsylvania
about bad working conditions, the Pinkerton Detective Agency
was there to protect plant and workers who were still on the
job, it turns violent
Pullman Company Strike: After cutting workers and wages,
workers went on strike, and he hired strikebreakers. This
clash between workers and strikers turned violent.
Women organize under Mary Harris Jones (Mother Jones) to
protect women and child labor
Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire: Brings government into reform
labor and conditions. Workers were locked in building with no
way to escape.
Many factories forced workers to sign Yellow Dog Contracts
(workers could not join labor unions).
Unions would continue to grow throughout the century.