Transcript PAST PARTICIPLES AND THE PERFECT TENSES

PAST PARTICIPLES
AND THE PERFECT
TENSES
PAST PARTICIPLES
• Past participles are words like
“eaten,” “fallen,” “found,”
“arranged,” “left,” “denied”
• They are a verb form that can be
used as an adjective OR as part of
a perfect tense
PAST PARTICIPLES
• In Spanish, past participles are formed
by dropping the “-ar” and adding –ado,
or the “-er,” “-ir” and adding -ido
Examples:
comer (to eat)
comido (eaten)
hablar (to speak)
hablado (spoken)
More examples:
vender (to sell)
vendido (sold)
casar (to marry)
casado (married)
barrer (to sweep)
barrido (swept)
cansar (to tire, wear out)
cansado (tired)
Not ALL past participles are formed by adding –
ado or –ido.
Some are irregular!
Do you know what past participles the following
verbs take?
abrir abierto
morir muerto
cubrir cubierto poner puesto
descubrir descubierto resolver resuelto
decir dicho
romper roto
hacer hecho
ver
visto
escribir escrito
volver vuelto
PAST PARTICIPLES
AS ADJECTIVES
When past participles act as adjectives,
they must agree with the noun they modify:
The house was sold. (vender)
La casa fue vendida.
Rebecca is tired in the morning.
(cansar)
Rebecca está cansada por la mañana.
The light is turned off. (apagar)
La luz está apagada.
El DVD debe ser rebobinado.
(rebobinar=to rewind)
Las vacas están usadas.
¡Ahora te toca a ti!
1. The car was washed. (lavar)
2. The waitress was fired.
(despedir)
3. The reserved room is mine.
(reservar).
4. I have my plans arranged.
(arreglar).
1. El coche fue lavado.
2. La mesera (camarera fue
despedida.
3. La habitación reservada es
mía.
4. Tengo mis planes
arreglados.
Now try the following irregular verbs. They
STILL must agree with the noun they
modify:
The broken window is your fault.
(romper)
La ventana rota es tu culpa.
My grandparents are dead. (morir)
Mis abuelos están muertos.
The table is set. (poner)
La mesa está puesta.
PAST PARTICIPLES
AS PART OF THE
PERFECT TENSES
PERFECT TENSES
• In Spanish, a perfect tense just means
“has/have/had done,” for example “I
have eaten.”
• All perfect tenses are formed as
follows:
HABER + PAST PARTICIPLE
(to have)
(done)
Present tense of “HABER” is as follows:
he
yo
has
tú
él, ella ha
Ud.
hemos
nosotros/as
ellos, ellas, han
Uds.
This is translated as: I have done, you
have done, he has done, we have done,
they have done
Past tense of “HABER” is as follows:
había nosotros/as habíamos
yo
habías
tú
él, ella había ellos, ellas, habían
Ud.
Uds.
This is translated as: I had done, you had
done, he had done, we had done, they
had done
NEVER change the past
participle when it’s part of a
perfect tense. Verbs don’t
have gender, only nouns
and adjectives.
Examples:
I have traveled. (viajar)
He viajado.
I had traveled.
Había viajado.
We have returned. (volver) ¡ojo!
Hemos vuelto.
They had fastened... (poner) ¡ojo!
Habían puesto.
But, how can I
remember that
the PERFECT
tenses mean
“to have done”
something?
OH, PERFECT!
NOW YOU’VE DONE IT!
Get it? “Perfect
tense” is you “have
done” something.
This will help you
remember what
perfect tense
means!