Transcript FRENCH REVOLUTION

AREA OF STUDY ONE
KIEREN PROWSE
LOYOLA COLLEGE
WATSONIA
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To gain an understanding of:
What is Area of Study Two French Revolution?
What will the exam look like in Section A?
What can I do to succeed in the exam?
Top 5 tips for success!
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Dates:
1781 Jacque Necker’s Compte Rendu
4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic Delirium
Phrygian Bonnet
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Area of Study One – French Revolution
An understanding of the ‘Revolutionary Ideas, Movements,
Leaders and Events.
Key knowledge:
- Chronology of events (timeline)
- Causes of tensions and conflict (why did the people want
change)
- Revolutionary ideas (ideas that suggested change from current
system)
- Key Leaders (how did individuals develop ideas for change)
- Movements (where did the ‘energy’ for change come from)
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Key skills:
Recall key dates with accuracy.
Have full awareness of the causes of tensions and conflicts of the
Ancien Regime.
Ability to analyse and interpret images/documents/text.
‘Synthesize evidence to develop a coherent argument’
(Understand how one event/idea/leader/movement influence
another and be able to link them together.
Have knowledge of and be able to use a variety of Historian’s
opinions to support your response to a question.
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Understanding number 1: You do not have to know
everything about everything. 3 or 4 things about all the
different topics.
Understand how one decision or action influences
other events in the development of the revolution.
Prepare yourself well in advance for the exam;
cramming will not work.
Collect and utilise quotes. Paraphrase quotes is a good
idea. Take the eyes out of the quote.
Write your responses with clarity, conciseness.
Correct use of spelling, grammar, punctuation and
paragraphing is a non negotiable.
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King Louis XIV
King Louis XV
King Louis XVI
Divine right monarchy
Versailles
Taxation system
The Three Estates (Church, Nobles, the
rest)
Marie Antoinette
The enlightenment and the Philosophes
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Rousseau
Diderot
Physiocrats
American War of Independence
La Fayette
Compte Rendu
Jacques Necker
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Charles – Alexander de Calonne
Archbishop Brienne
Aristocratic Revolt/Assembly of Notables
Parlements
Royal Session (Seance Royale) 19 November
1787
Day of Tiles
Pamphlet war
Abbe Sieyes
Cahiers de Doleances
Society of Thirty
Estates-General (great detail needed here)
Formation of National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
Royal session 23 June 1789
Fall of the Bastille
Municipal revolt
Great Fear
4th August 1789 – Night of Patriotic Delirium
Marxist Historians views
Revisionist Historians views
Liberal Historians views
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28 Million people in 1780.
First Estate : Clergy.
Second Estate: Nobility.
Third Estate:Everybody
else:
Those least able to afford
taxes expected to pay the
most.
The poverty of many and the grievances of nearly all
French peasants were much aggravated by their
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Figures from McPhee; The French Revolution, P.13-18
liability for taxes from which noble landowners might
well be immune…’Hibbert, P.30
Ideas of ‘the Age of
Enlightenment’.
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Voltaire
Critical of Catholic Church’s
power.
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Rousseau
‘Noble Savage’’….’The General
Will’….’Social Contract’……
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Montesquieu
Separation of powers between
Monarch and state
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Diderot
Encyclopedie – direct public
opinion on matters of
importance in society.
Economics, religion, agriculture.
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Rousseau
Voltaire
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King had 6 ministers
in his cabinet.
Venal offices
Absolute monarchy
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39 differing
Generalities or
provinces for taxation.
13 unequal legal
zones
18 different legal
zones
Adcock P. 9
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War of Polish
Succession (1733-1738)
War of Polish
Succession (1740-1748)
Seven Years War
(1756-1763)
American War of
Independence (17751783)
Significant damage to
the royal treasury
LaFayette
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Massive gulf between
rich and poor
Small number of
wealthy who owned a
lot
Large number of poor
who owned little or
nothing.
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Necker
Swiss, Protestant, not
from Noble origin.
‘Compte Rendu au
Roi’
Necker
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22 February 1787
144 deputies mostly
aristocratic
Calonne unpopular
Calonne’s motives
appeared suspicious
Necker producing
10m surplus in 1781,
Calonne 115m deficit
by 1786???
‘He (Calonne) totally
miscalculated the forces he had
let loose, and how to handle
them.’Doyle P.70
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July 1787, Brienne
modifies Calonne’s
tax plan but
maintains direct
land tax on all.
Bypasses Assembly
of Notables and
lodges them with
the Parlement of
Paris 2 July 1787.
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‘Without the consent of the people, the
Parlement would not consent to registration of
the edicts.’ Fenwick and Anderson P.38
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Louis had ‘enough
money for the
government to function
for one afternoon’
(Schama cited in
Fenwick and Anderson,
P. 41.)
Massive Hailstorm on
July 13 1789.
Louis officially calling
for the Estates General
for 1 May 1789.
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Brienne describes
Necker as ‘the only man
I know who can restore
the confidence of the
people’. Fenwick and
Anderson P.41.
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5 December 1788: King
announces doubling of the
third estate deputies
Cahiers (grievences)
Abbe Sieyes ‘What is the
Third Estate?’.
Usefulness in society had
been misunderstood. Third
estate seen as nothing, but
they should be seen as
‘everything’.
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‘What is the Third Estate?
Everything
What had it been before in the
political order? Nothing
What does it demand? To become
something therein.’ Sieyes cited in
Fenwick and Anderson P. 44
‘A law not made by the people is no
law at all.’ Sieyes cited in Fenwick
and Anderson P.45.
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13 June 1789: 3
members of the clergy
join the Third Estate.
17 June 1789 the
National Assembly.
Louis in mourning.
Death of son.
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‘The Dauphin’s
funeral was said to
have cost 600k livres.’
Fenwick and
Anderson P.77
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26 June and 1 July 1789: Troops
loyal to Louis enter Paris
10 July: Louis refuses to remove
troops from Paris
11 July: Necker is dismissed
Sunday 12 July: Paris erupts.
Desmoulins call to arms at the
Palais Royal incites looting,
protesting, confrontations with
army
Desmoulins
‘To arms, to arms and let us take the
green cockade, the colour of hope…. Yes
it is I who call my brothers to freedom; I
would rather die than submit to
servitude.’ Desmoulins cited in Schama,
Citizens P.382
‘During that single night of largely
unobstructed riot and demolition, Paris
was lost to the Monarchy.’ Schama,
Citizens P. 387
http://francofilesfunfacts.blogspot.com.au/2009/07/camille-desmoulins-incites.html
Accessed on 01/08/12
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Built on Eastern side
of Paris to defend it
from the English in
the 14th century.
Gun powder
Symbol of Royal
despotism and
tyranny.
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Fear of Brigands,
foreign armies, King’s
militia, were roaming
the rural areas of
France for retribution.
http://www.dipity.com/amaraxmarie/French_Revolution/
Date accessed: 01/08/12
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News of disturbances
delayed in reaching
the Assembly.
Progressive members
suggested forfeiting
their feudal dues to
quell uprisings.
‘a moment of patriotic
drunkenness.’Schama
cited in Fenwick and
Anderson P.88
http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/~a0100238/warum.htm
Accessed on 01/08/12
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Texts:
Adcock, Michael; Analysing the
French Revolution, 2nd Edition.
Cambridge University Press, Port
Melbourne, 2009.
Doyle, William. The Oxford History
of the French Revolution. 2nd
Edition. Oxford University Press,
New York, 2002.
Fenwick, Jill and Anderson, Judy;
Liberating France. HTAV,
Melbourne, 2010.
Hibbert, Christopher. The French
Revolution. Penguin Books, London,
1980.
McPhee, Peter. The French
Revolution; 1789-1799. Oxford
University Press, New York, 2002.
Schama, Simon. Citizens; A
Chronicle of the French Revolution.
Penguin Books, London, 2004.
Images:
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Photos are authors own.
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Images have been sourced from
Wikimedia Commons
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
Main_Page
All other images have been referenced in
the presentation.
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These materials are to be used for the
purpose of individual study only. Some
materials may be subject to copyright
under the Copyright Act 1968. All
reasonable attempts have been made to
trace copyright holders for permission to
use materials but the presenter invites
anyone who believes they have copyright
over items to contact him if they have any
concerns.
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Be an inquisitive students
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Read numerous sources (magic number 3)
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Create a summary book – regularly update it.
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Collect good quotes and learn to paraphrase.
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Use images to support your learning (Google
images/wikimedia commons)
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[email protected]
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Good Luck!!!
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