Transcript Slide 1
Immigration and Community Development Max J. Pfeffer Development Sociology Department Cornell University Foreign-Born Population, New York State, 1900-2006 Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center Growth in Foreign-Born Population, 2000-2006 Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center Foreign-Born Population, by State, 2006 Most Foreign-Born Number (millions) Rank California 9.90 1 New York 4.08 2 Texas 3.74 3 Florida 3.43 4 Illinois 1.77 5 Percent Rank California 27.2% 1 New York 21.6 2 New Jersey 20.1 3 Nevada 19.1 4 Florida 18.9 5 Largest Share Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center Foreign-Born Population, New York State, 2006 Location Number Percent NewYork City 3,000,000 37% Downstate Suburbs 740,000 18 Upstate 340,000 5 4,080,000 21 Total New York State Source: Fiscal Policy Institute, A Profile of Immigrants in the New York State Economy,2008 The Foreign-Born Population Is Concentrated in the NYC Area and Is Increasing, But it Is Also Important and Increasing in the Rural Periphery Paul Eberts, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University Source: New York State Association of Counties. 2007. The Population Shuffle: The Latest Census Population Estimates and How They Impact Our Counties. June. http://www.nysac.org/Policy_and_Research/Reports.php (accessed June 20, 2008). Source: Mize, Ronald L. et al., “Latino In-Migration among Counties in Decline.” Rural New York Minute, 31/2009, Community and Rural Development Institute, Cornell University. I want to stay here because of my son; he has more opportunities here to study, to learn another language, to make a career much better than in Mexico (woman with 2 year old son). Foreign Born Children by Year of Entry to the U.S. and Children Born to Foreign Born Parents by Year of Birth, Upstate NY American Community Survey, 2006 Immigrant Children U.S., New York and Upstate How many immigrant children are there? 73+ million children living in households 70+ million are native born 13+ are native born to a foreign born parent (9.7 million are native born with both parents foreign born) 3+ million are foreign born 16+ million immigrant children in the U.S. (22% of all children 1.5 million immigrant children in New York (32% of all children) 138K immigrant children Upstate (9% of all children) Source: American Community Survey, 2006 Educational Attainment of Parents with Children, United States, New York and Upstate Source: American Community Survey, 2006 Top Occupations of Foreign-Born Residents, Upstate, 2004 Occupation Number Share of Occupation Physical Scientists 2,200 41% Physicians and Surgeons 6,300 35 Computer Software Engineers 3,200 20 College and University Professors 10,000 20 Other Engineers 2,000 13 227,400 -- Total Immigrants Reporting an Occupation Source: Fiscal Policy Institute, A Profile of Immigrants in the New York State Economy,2008 Are Immigrants an Asset or Burden? New York and Upstate, 2008 Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, Empire State Poll 2008, Cornell University New Yorkers’ Perceptions of Immigrants The language barriers are a major problem …some newcomers can’t read English nor Spanish …this new population that comes in is very different, ..they have the reputation as hard working, family folks Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, “Immigrants and the Community: Community Perspectives”, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, October 2005. English Language Ability of Foreign-Born Children and Parents, New York Source: American Community Survey, 2006 What can be done? Nongovernmental civic organizations, employers, schools, and churches can support English language training for immigrants English language training should be integrated with efforts to introduce immigrants to other community members Communities can encourage civic engagement that includes immigrants Create opportunities for immigrants to develop social ties to other community residents A Community Model of Immigrant Integration English Ability Friendship →→→→ Social and Economic ↑ Success ↑ ↑ ←------→ Civic Engagement Thank you Max J. Pfeffer Cornell University Department of Development Sociology and Community and Rural Development Institute [email protected] http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu Community Support for English Language Training, New York and Upstate Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, Empire State Poll 2008, Cornell University Legal Status of the Foreign-Born Population in 2005 Source: Jeffrey Passel, Pew Hispanic Center, 2006 States Enacting Immigration Related Legislation in 2007 (N=46) Source: National Conference of State Legislatures 2008 State Immigration-Related Legislation, 2007 Source: National Conference of State Legislatures 2008 Proposed Ordinances Specifically Regulating Immigrants or Relations with Immigrants Since 2006 Content of Ordinance Ordinance Restrictive Supportive Employer Sanctions 45 -- Sanctions Against Landlords 31 -- English as Official Language 28 -- Police Support Immigration Authorities 25 5 Restrictions on Day Labor 9 -- Other 7 18 Total 145 23 Source: Web Search by Pilar A. Parra and Michelle Leveillee, April 2008 Language Other Than English Spoken at Home by Immigrant Children, United States, New York and Upstate 1. 2. United States Spanish (72%) Chinese (2.3%) Vietnamese (2.0%) French (1.7%) Korean Arabic (1.5%) 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. American Community Survey, 2006 New York Spanish (56%) Yiddish (5%) Chinese (5%) Russian (3%) Hebrew, French (2%) Upstate Spanish (48%) French (7%) Yiddish (4%) Russian (4%) German (3%)