Transcript Document

Early Man
Cover
A Journey Through Time
By Katharine Lanzim
(click on the watch to continue)
Home
Page
 Before you begin your journey get the Scavenger Hunt. Everyone must complete it.
 After you finish your journey choose a project. Everyone must choose one.
Fun activities to try
! http://www.allexperts.com/el/654-9/Archaeology/
Got a question? Ask John Shea, an expert archaeologist.
 Start the journey
Welcome and Hello! My name is Creb and I will be
your guide. You are about to go back through time about 2
million years on a virtual field trip. You will explore the world
of prehistoric man. When you are finished you will know the
answers to these questions:
Who were our ancient ancestors? Where did they live?
What was their world like? What did they eat?
What did they wear? How did man change over time?
What helped him change? How do we know so much about
these first men?
The very first men lived in a time called prehistory or
prehistoric times. It was so long ago that there were no written documents; nobody had invented writing.
No one was writing down what was happening in the world so people who were born in later
years could read about how people in the past had lived.
Scientists called archaeologists dig in the earth for clues to use to try to figure out the answers to all of
these questions.
They are detectives.
What kinds of clues do archaeologists use? They look for fossils
and artifacts to help them tell the stories of the people who lived during
prehistoric times. A fossil is what is left of something that was once living, like
plants and animals. Bones, seeds, and rocks with plant or animal impressions
are examples of fossils. Artifacts are things that were made by people.
Pottery, artwork, and tools are examples of artifacts. These fossils and
artifacts left behind by ancient people give archaeologists the clues and
information they need to be able to piece together much about the world of
our ancestors.
(teachline.ls.huj.ac.il)
Click the footsteps to go on
THE OLD STONE AGE
Meet The Hominids
The scientific name for the first true man is hominid. Hominids were not big and strong, and had no claws, or
sharp teeth. Hominids had to depend on their brains and intelligence to survive in the prehistoric world. They
learned to use technology to make weapons and tools from stone. Early man was soon a feared hunter and the
time he lived came to be known as the Stone Ages. There was the OLD STONE AGE called the PALEOLITHIC,
and the NEW STONE AGE called the NEOLITHIC.
OK! Now, let's meet the hominids and get to
know them. Click on the names to visit each
ancestor.
 Homo habilis- "Handy Man”
◊Home
 Homo erectus- "Upright man"
 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis- Neanderthal
 Homo sapiens sapiens - "Wise man"
World wide web fizyka.umk.pl/~duch/wyklady/kog01.htm
This is Homo habilis - "Handy Man"
(world wide web klimaundmensch.de/picpopup.php4?popuppic)
Homo habilis was the first human. He lived about 2 million years ago in Africa during the Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age). The oldest human fossils have been found in Olduvai Gorge in the
Country of Tanzania.
Skull of old man, Homo habilis, found at Olduvai Gorge. This is an example of a fossil.
Click to see map
 Back to Meet The Hominids
 What did Homo habilis eat?
(Wikipedia)
Can you find Tanzania? It is on the east coast.
 Back to This is Homo habilis What did Homo habilis eat?
Homo habilis lived in Africa where the climate was warm. They did not live in caves or houses. They
were hunters and gatherers. This means they hunted animals for food and also ate berries, nuts, and other
plants. They moved from place to place. When the plants and animals in one place were getting scarce, they
moved to a new place where there were lots of things to eat. When the seasons changed and food was getting
hard to find, they moved again.
Homo habilis probably hunted small animals like birds and rabbits. They ate larger animals, but did not hunt them.
The tools they had were not good enough to hunt a mammoth or rhinoceros. Homo habilis were scavengers.
This meant they waited for the larger animals to fight and kill each other. Then they would get what meat they
could when the winner was finished eating. Archaeologists know this because there were bones of large animals
found at Homo habilis campsites. Often these bones had the teeth marks of large predators on them.
 Homo habilis tools
 Back to Meet The Hominids
Homo habilis made simple tools
from stone, especially flint. He would
take one stone called a hammer
stone and hit it against another called
the core chopper. Flakes, or pieces
would chip off leaving sharp edges.
He used these stone tools for cutting
up animals and for scraping the fur
and skin.
These tools were
found at Olduvai
Gorge, Tanzania.
These are
examples of
artifacts.
 On to Homo erectus
 Back to Meet The Hominids
Introducing Homo erectus
Upright Man!
Homo erectus lived in the Old Stone Age about 11.5 million years ago. He lived in Africa, Asia and
southern Europe. Like Homo habilis, Homo erectus
was a hunter/gatherer and moved from place to
place in search of food.
Upright Man was a very good toolmaker. He
was smarter than Homo habilis. He used stone,
bone and wood to make hand axes, spears,
knives, shovels and other useful
tools.
 What changed life forever?
 Back to Meet the Hominids
Control of FIRE Changes Life Forever!
Homo erectus was the first to learn how to make fire. How did
it change their lives?
Food could be cooked. It was easier to eat and had more
nutrients. As a result man's brain grew larger.
Fire protected man from dangerous animals.
Fire kept men warm. He could now live in places with colder
weather. He began to move out of Africa.
Fire gave men light so they could explore dark caves.
Men became more social around the light of the campfire.
More about Upright Man the hunter Back to Meet The Hominids
(World Wide Web geog.pmf.hr/ledena_doba/ledena_doba.html)
Look at maps of prehistoric world
On to the Neanderthals
 Back to Meet The Hominids
(Prehistoric Life Encyclopedia by Mark
Lambert for Rand McNally & Co.)
Homo erectus hunted large, dangerous animals.
They worked together when they hunted and used
fiery torches to drive these huge animals into deep
pits with stakes at the bottom. They then used their
tools to kill, butcher and skin these animals.
Better weapons and learning to work together
meant not everyone had to hunt. Some were
hunters, others gathered berries and plants, and
some took care of children. Everyone had a different
job and cooperated to help the group survive. This
is called division of labor
World Wide Web global-greenhouse-warming.com)
During the time early man lived, ice covered some of
the land humans now live on. The northern ocean
waters were frozen and the seas were much lower.
Men were able to walk out of Africa to all parts of the
world on land bridges.
Worldwide ancient Land
On to the Neanderthals
 Back to Meet The Hominids
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
Neanderthal Man
The Neanderthals lived in Ice Age
Europe between 135,000 and 30,000
years ago. They were strong hunters
and fought fierce animals. Neanderthals
lived in caves. They used animal skins
to keep warm in the cold climate
(World Wide Web msu.rdu/~robin400/neanderthalensis.html)
 More about Neanderthals
 See iceman mummy http://wilderdom.com/evolution/OtziIcemanAlpsPictures.htm
 Read more about Otzi  Back to Meet The Hominids
Neanderthals
buried their
dead. Graves
have been
found with
skeletons
curled up and
covered with
skins, flowers,
and herbs.
Weapons, tools
and food were
buried with the
bodies.
(World Wide Web dk.images. (World Wide Weballrefer.com)
(World Wide Web holoscience.com)
The Neanderthals worshipped the cave bear. They thought the spirits of animals protected people.
Archaeologists have found the skeletons of sick and wounded people who lived to be old. This tells them that
Neanderthals cared about all of the people in the group and took care of those who were weak. They could
probably say some sounds, but could not talk the way we do. They used signs and gestures to communicate.
Homo sapiens sapiens
Back to Meet The Hominids
Homo sapiens sapiens "Wise Man”
(World Wide Web angelfire.com/games2/warpspawn/CroM.html)
(Prehistoric Life Encyclopedia by Mark Lambert for Rand McNally & Co.)
Early Homo
sapiens sapiens
were called CroMagnon man.
Bones were found
in Border Cave in
South Africa more
than 35,000 years
ago. This man is
the first of modern
human beings.
They were still
hunter/gatherers,
but lived in caves or
built shelters using
animal skins,
mammoth bones,
wood, and grasses.
 Learn about Cro-Magnon artists
 Back to Meet The Hominids
How do we know what Cro-Magnon man saw everyday? He showed
us!
(World Wide Web chdmuseum.nicin/history_museum/index.html)
Cro-Magnons were artists. They left many drawings deep inside caves that tell us about
their lives. Pictures were painted with animal hair brushes, moss, and sticks. They used
animal fat and moss wicks in stone bowls to make light. They built ladders to reach the
high spots.
 Explore a cave
 Return to Meet The Hominids
Before you enter the cave look at these animals that lived
with Stone Age Man. How many can you find in the cave
Bison
Lion
You will NOT
find a dinosaur!
Dinosaurs were
extinct
many,many
years before
man lived.
Horse
Mammoth
Hyena
Panther
Rhino
 Enter the cave http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/index.html
On to the New Stone Age
See more cave art
 Back to Meet The Hominids
Neolithic-The New Stone Age
(World Wide Web oliver,net/filer/files/spreading_homo_sapiens.jpg)
About 12,000 years ago the ice sheets
began to melt and man moved into every
part of the world. About 9,000 years ago
Neolithic Man appeared in Jericho in the
Middle East.
Click to continue
Why is it called the NEW Stone Age?
What was new and different?
AGRICULTURE and DOMESTICATED
ANIMALS!
Neolithic man had learned to grow his own food
and to raise animals for food.
 SEE A NEOLITHIC FARM
Man grew and ate crops like
(World Wide Web answers.com)
World Wide Web vurv.cz)
Wheat
millet
 See farm animals
Spelt
 Back to Meet The Hominids
"
Neolithic Man domesticated animals. This meant the animals lived with men, not out in the wild.
Men raised the animals for food. They did not have to hunt for all their food.
Goats
pigs
sheep
This "Neolithic Revolution" was a very important change in the way men would live. Now people did
not need to move from place to place in search of food. What happened?
· People began to do different jobs. This is called specialization of labor.
· More people lived in one place. They built villages, towns and cities.
· They made laws and started governments.
· They traded for goods with other towns.
· People began to own land and other things.
· Great civilizations appeared
CatalHoyuk in Turkey is said to be one of the very first ancient villages.
 Visit CatalHoyuk http://www.smm.org/catal/
 Back to Meet The Hominids  Back to Home
Ötzi the Iceman
Ötzi the Iceman (also spelled Oetzi) is the modern nickname of a well-preserved natural mummy
of a man from about 3300 BC, found in 1991 in a glacier of the Ötztaler Alps, near the border
between Austria and Italy. The nickname comes from the valley of discovery. It rivals Egyptian
"Ginger" as the oldest known human mummy, and has offered an unprecedented view on the
habits of Neolithic Europeans.
Ötzi was found by a couple of German tourists on September 19, 1991. The body has been
extensively examined, measured, x-rayed, and dated. Tissues and gut contents were examined
microscopically, as was the pollen found on his gear.
At the time of his death, Ötzi was a 30-to-45-year old man,approximately 160 cm tall. Analysis
of pollen and dust grains and the isotopic composition of his teeth's enamel indicate that he spent
his childhood near the present village of Feldthurns, north of Bolzano, but later went to live in
valleys about 50 km further north.  Continue
He had 57 tattoos, some of which seem to correspond to acupuncture points that coincide
with the modern points that would be used to treat symptoms of diseases that Ötzi would
seem to have suffered from (digestive parasites and degenerative bone disease).
His clothes, including a woven grass cloak and leather vest and shoes, were quite
sophisticated. The shoes were waterproof and wide, seemingly designed for walking across
the snow; they were constructed using bearskin for the soles, deer hide for top panels, and a
netting made of tree bark. Soft grass went around the foot and in the shoe and functioned
like warm socks. Other items found with the Iceman were a copper axe with a yew handle, a
flint knife with an ash handle, a quiver full of arrows with viburnum and cornus shafts and
flint heads, and an unfinished yew longbow that was taller than him.
Among Ötzi's possessions were two species of polypore mushrooms. One of these (the
birch fungus) is known to have antibacterial properties, and was likely used for medical
purposes.
The other was a type of tinder fungus, included with part of what appeared to be a complex
fire starting kit. The kit featured pieces of over a dozen different plants, in addition to flint
and pyrite for creating sparks. .  Continue
Analysis of Ötzi's gut contents showed two meals, one of ibex meat, the second of red deer
meat, both consumed with some grain. Pollen in the first meal showed that it had been
consumed in a mid-altitude conifer forest.
DNA analysis revealed traces of blood from four other people on his gear: one from his
knife, two from the same arrowhead, and a third from his coat. A CAT scan revealed that
Ötzi had what appeared to be an arrowhead lodged in one shoulder when he died,
matching a small tear on his coat. The arrow shaft had been removed, apparently by a
companion. He also had bruises and cuts on his hands, wrists, and chest.
From such evidence, and an examination of his weapons, molecular biologist Thomas Loy
from the University of Queensland believes that Ötzi and one or two companions were
hunters who engaged in a skirmish with a rival group. The fight lasted about a day or two,
during which time Ötzi killed at least two enemies with his bow, and recovered the arrow
each time. At some point, he may have carried (or been carried by) a companion.
Weakened by blood loss, Ötzi apparently put down his equipment neatly against a rock,
lay down and expired.
Back to Neanderthals
More Cave Paintings
 Continue
 Back to Explore a Cave
Stone Age Scavenger Hunt
Archaeologists need to dig carefully and patiently to find the clues that tell them stories about the past. Now it is
your chance. Be alert and find the clues that will answer these questions. Good Luck!
1. What does prehistoric mean?
2. Scientists who look for clues about how men lived long ago are called ____________________.
3. Which hominid live with the dinosaurs?
4. Artifact or Fossil?
* mammoth bone
* animal skin
* cave drawings
* flowers in a grave
* stone tool
* pottery
* spear thrower
5. Which hominid:
+ first learned to make fire
+ was a scavenger
+ painted animals and people in caves
+ made very simple tools
+ lived in ice age Europe
+ buried their dead
+ learned to grow food and raise animals
+ were hunter/gatherers
+ built villages
6. How did the ability to make fire change the lives of Stone Age man?
7. What kinds of tools did Homo erectus make?
8. What animals did Neanderthals hunt?
9. What was the name of the first human village? Where was it?
10. What was the Neolithic Revolution? Name 5 ways it forever changed the way men lived.
 Home
Project Choices:
Choose one of these projects to complete when you have finished the Early Man Virtual
Field Trip. You may choose to work alone, or with one partner. You must be sure you include
evidence of at least 10 things you have learned about Stone Age Man. Include a list of the 10
things with your project. Be Creative!
1. Make up a character and write a story or play about Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens
neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens sapiens. Give your character a name; tell where he/she lives;
include details about his/her life.
2. Make a detailed drawing or painting of a scene from the Paleolithic or Neolithic.
3. Choose something that you learned during the Virtual Field Trip that you want to know more
about. Research and make a presentation to the class.
4. Make a model or 3-D project of something that interested you.
5. Make a game or puzzle. Teach the class to play.
6. Choose and make a chart comparing the Stone Age men. Include modern men. You might
compare the climate, technology, food, houses, clothes, animals…
7. Create a computer presentation.
8. Got another idea? Talk to your teacher.
◊Home
Fun Activities.
Go to the following websites and try some of the activities.
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/index.html
Go to Learn, then Challenge and try your hand at the puzzles!
http://earlyhumans.mrdonn.org/games.html
Lots of different things to explore!
http://www.dmns.org/main/minisites/iceage/ia_giants/coloringpages.pdf
Print out pictures of ice age giant animals to color!
http://www.quia.com/ba/37988.html
Play an Early Human battleship game
http://www.becominghuman.org/
Watch an interactive movie about human evolution and the archaeologists who study it.
http://www.smm.org/catal/
Explore CatalHoyuk. Play games and try some activities.
◊ Home