Transcript Chapter 7 Section A - Kansas State University

Chapter 7
Section A & B
Approach Charts and Procedures
Old Chart Format
New Chart Format
Instrument Approach Procedure
• Precision Approach - ILS, PAR
– Lateral and Vertical navigation
• Nonprecision Approach - VOR, NDB, GPS
– Only Lateral navigation
Approach Segments
• Feeder routes
– Approach transitions or Terminal routes
• THESE ARE NOT PART OF THE ACTUAL
PUBLISHED APPROACH!
Review Charts
• Plan View
• Profile View
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TDZE
HAT - based on TDZE for straight in approaches
HAA - based on airport elevation for circling
TCH
• Missed Approach
• Minimums
• Ground Speed and Time
Plan View
Profile View
Minimums
Missed Approach
Ground Speed and Time
Approach Categories
• 1.3XVso
• Baron Vso=75kts
– 75 X 1.3=97.5
• VFR final approach speed short field is 90kts
– IFR Approach speed is 120IAS (B)
– Minimum IAS Icing conditions is 130IAS (C)
Initial Approach Segments
• IAF - Must proceed here first (maybe radar
vectors)
• MVA - 1,000 or 2,000 obstructions
clearance
– also 300+ above floor of controlled airspace
– maybe lower than the MEA or MOCA
Initial Approach Segments
• Procedure turns or course reversals
– May use a holding pattern in lieu of
– Max speed is 200 kts IAS
Intermediate Approach Segment
• IF - Intermediate Fix
– Aligned with 30º of final approach course
– Usually inbound to the final approach fix
Final Approach Segment
• FAF
– Nonprecision - maybe the VOR or NDB
– Precision - is interception of the Glide Slope or
Glide Path at a minimum intercept altitude
• FAP
– Nonprecision - when the VOR or NDB is on
the field and you intercept the final approach
course inbound (MPR)
Final Approach Segment
• Timed approaches from a holding fix
Radar service for sequencing traffic is out of
service
If you are told to depart the holding fix at a
certain time, timed approaches are in progress!
– Requirements
• Control tower in operation
• Direct communication to the approach controller
• MAP do not require a course reversal and the
weather is greater than the highest prescribed
circling minimums for the IAP
• When cleared for the IAP NOPT is available
Minimum Decent Requirments
• DH or DA - Precision
– Followed by Min. Visibility and HAT
• MDA - Nonprecision
– Followed by Min. Visibility and HAT or HAA
Final Approach
• Operations below DH or MDA
FAR 91.175 Please Read
– Flight visibility not less than required
– Aircraft must be continuously in a position to land
using normal descents and maneuvers
Final Approach
• One must be distinctly visible and identifiable
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Threshold
Threshold markings
Threshold lights
Runway end identifier lights (REIL)
Visual approach slope indicator (VASI or PAPI)
Touchdown zone or touchdown zone markings
Touchdown zone lights
Runway or runway markings
Runway lights
Final Approach
• Approach lighting system (ALSF, MALSR
OR SALSR)
– If only the approach lighting system is in sight
you may descend down to 100ft above TDZE
– If the red terminating bars (ALSF-1) or the red
side row bars (ALSF-2) are in sight you may
land
Landing Minimums
• Visibility and Minimum Altitudes
– Factors include
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Approach lighting system
Obstructions
Equipment on board
Approach speed
Straight in or circling
• Sidestep Maneuver
Stepdowns and VDP’s
• Stepdown at different approach segments
– Only one between FAF and MAP
• VDP - Must not leave your MDA before
this point!
Missed Approach Segment
• MAP
– DH, VOR, NDB, Time (Based on GS), DME
fix
– During radar approaches ATC will give you the
MAP
Minimum Sector Altitude
• Minimum safe altitude
– Within 25 of a FIX allows 1,000 of obstruction
clearance
Inoperative Components
An increase in minimum visibility
requirements due to inoperative approach
lighting systems.
Different types of approaches, different
changes
Refer to the inop. component chart
Additional Information
• ARP - Airport Reference Point - The
approximate geometric center of all usable
runway surfaces
• Details about taxi ways and runway lengths
Take-Off Minimums
• Part 91, Zero-Zero
– Rule of thumb, be able to get back into the
airport your took off from.
• Non-Standard Take-Off Minimums
– Weather or IFR Departure Procedure
Alternate Required?
• Always
• Unless you meet the 123 Rule!
– One hour before or after your ETA to
destination if weather is greater than a 2000 ft
ceiling or 3 statue miles of visibility.
– This is voided if your destination airport
doesn’t have a IAP.
Now we need and Alternate
• Standard
– Precision - 600-2
– Nonprecision - 800-2
• Nonstandard alternate minimums
Types of Approaches
• Visual approach (Field must be VFR)
• Contact approach (Pilot must request)
• IAP
– Precision
– Nonprecision