Transcript TD 68: Weather Flight Planning (May 14)

SME NOTEs
Slide 75 has changed. The VOR approach
at Simmons AAF no longer exists. It
depicted dual VOR minima.
Henderson, NV has an IAP that depicts dual
vor minima.
12/18/12 – add a ceiling to TLH slide 12
- corrected page no. of INOP chart
on slide 68
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2
This will be an interactive exercise. You will
need the following items on your desk.
1. TLA Vol’s 14 & 19 (or TPP)
2. IFR S
3. AR 95-1, Chapter 5
4. FIH
5. E6B Flight Computer
TD 68
3
Terminal Learning
Objective
Determine Weather Flight Planning
Minimums.
4
ELO A
Determine weather briefing sources
for flight planning purposes.
5
WEATHER BRIEFING
AR 95-1, para 5-2. c. (7)
1. Weather information will be obtained from
a U.S. Military Weather Facility.
2. Weather forecast will be void 1hr 30min
after weather briefing time if aircraft has not
departed.
3. The crew should update weather briefing
information on STOPOVER flights.
6
Sources of Weather Briefings
Per FIH, page C-2
1. Face to Face U.S. Military Forecaster
2. Operational Weather Squadron (OWS)
Telephonic (Refer to FIH)
Closed Circuit Television
3. Flight Service Station (FSS) When use is
authorized by local procedures.
Telephone 1-800-WXBRIEF
Remote Communication Outlet
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Sources of Weather Briefings





Fort Rucker Weather Station at Cairns.
http://www.rucker.army.mil/6weather/avwx.htm
Aviation Weather
http://aviationweather.gov/adds/
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If requesting a military telephonic weather brief
provide the following info 2 hours in advance:
 Name of person calling
 Aircraft type and call sign
 VFR or IFR and proposed altitude
 Departure point and time (ETD)
 Route of flight
 Destination and ETA
 Alternate and ETA, if required
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learning
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The DD Form 175-1 has 5 sections:
 Take off data
 En Route and Mission data
 Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)
 Comments / Remarks
 Briefing Record
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8-Apr-15
TH67 / 2741
OZR / 1300
A167 - TSTMS Entire LFA
020 - 080
020) 24010 +25
040) 25020/+21
060) 26025/+17
080) 29040/+13
X
030) 24018 +23
050) 26025/+19
070) 27030/+15
2
X
006
X
BR
LFA
400
LFA
150
LFA
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
SFC - 050
LFA
LFA VCTY TS
LFA
X
X
SFC 060 - 080
OZR
LFA
LFA VCTY TS
LFA
1200 1800 22010G15
7
SCT 020 BKN 030
29.90
DHN
1200 1800
21010
7
BKN 025 OVC 100
29.98
TOI
1200 1800
26010
7
SCT 030 BKN 100
29.96
7
BKN 030 OVC100
29.87
BKN 015 OVC 025
29.87
MGM
1200 1800
TLH
1200 1800 24010G18 1 ½ RA
TEMPO
1200
1400
1800
27010
½ RAFG
AM (1200 - 1800)
FEW 010 OVC 015
W.G.
1330
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?
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ELO B
Determine weather minima.
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Summary of Requirements
 Do I meet requirements to takeoff?
 Do I meet requirements to file to my
destination?
 Do I need an alternate airport for my
destination?
 Does my alternate selection qualify?
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Departure Procedures
AR 95-1, para. 5-3
1. Current weather conditions at time
of departure will be used to determine
if departure minimums are met.
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Departure Procedures
AR 95-1, para. 5-3
2. Aviator flying the aircraft at Take-Off
determines take-off minima which
are:
Logged 50 hours or more actual WX time as
PIC…. 0 cig – 0 vis
Logged less than 50 hr actual WX time as
PIC…. 100 cig – ¼ vis or 1200 ft RVR
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Current Departure Weather Conditions may be
obtained through any of the following when
departing Controlled Airports:
1. ATIS
2. Ground Control
3. AWOS or ASOS
4. Control Tower
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Departure Procedures
AR 95-1, para. 5-3
3. All aviators will comply with
published nonstandard IFR take off
minimums and departure
procedures published in FLIP.
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learning
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NON STANDARD TAKE OFF
PROCEDURES
How do you determine if Non Standard
Take off procedures are applicable to your
departure aerodrome?
Look in the TLA.
Let’s go there now.
Vol 14. Table of Contents
23
Refer to the TLA to
determine if NonStandard Take off
procedures apply.
•Determine if IFR take
off Minima is NonStandard for
Birmingham, AL
Vol 14, pg III. TABLE of CONTENTS
XXIV
Non-standard T/O
minima does exist at
Birmingham, on pg.
XXIV
24
Vol 14
Another method to determine if an airport has NonStandard Take-off procedures is look for a T
symbol in the Pilot Briefing Section of any IAP
At your departure airfield.
If there is a T symbol you must refer to
the TAKE OFF procedures listed in the front
of this FLIP for specifics.
Let’s go there now. Pg. XXIV
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What are T/O minimums if
you are departing from RWY 6
at Birmingham?
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What are T/O minimums if you are
departing from RWY 6 at
Birmingham?
You must have at least 300 – 1 ¾ with
min climb of 282 ft/NM to 1800.
UNLESS ..*.. Or std if your climb
gradient is at least 421 ft per NM to
1800. If your gradient is at least 421
ft/nm then your take off minima is
STD, which is: 100 - 1/4 or 0 – 0.
Let’s review E6B procedures on how
to convert feet per nm to feet per
min.
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G/S: 80kt
Gradient: 421 f/nm
Use E6B to
compute Rate of
2.
Locate
421 f/nm
Climb,
given
on
inner ring
Gradient
and
Ground Speed
1. Set speed
index at 80 GS
3. Determine
FPM. It’s on
the outer ring
opposite 421
f/nm .
560 FPM
What are T/O minimums if departing
from RWY 24?
There is no non-standard T/O
minimums published for RWY 24
therefore T/O minimums are 100-1/4
or 0-0. Note there is a published
minimum altitude before making
turns. 2200 feet.
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learning
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Destination Planning
AR 95-1, para 5-2. c. (5)
Destination weather must be forecast
to be equal or greater than the
published weather planning minimums
for the approach procedure to be flown
at ETA through 1 hour after ETA.
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Destination Planning
(95-1)
1. Use Weather Forecast (TAF)
2. Predominant Weather will apply
3. Published Weather Planning Minimums. (___).
Cig & vis
a. Helicopters may reduce Destination and Alternate CAT A
visibility minimums by 50% but not less than ¼ mile.
b. Visibility reduction of COPTER approaches is not
authorized.
c. Visibility reduction of approaches labeled “Visibility
Reduction N/A” is not authorized.
4. Adjust planning minima for INOP components
5. Forecast Valid Times (ETA plus 1 hour)
6. Area Forecast (Use when there is no TAF available) 32
What is meant by the terms:
Published Weather Planning Minimums
Weather Planning Minimums
Planning Minimums
as used in AR 95-1?
33
 This is the ceiling (CIG) and Visibility
figures listed in the Minima Section of the
TLA Chart in parentheses under the
applicable Aircraft Approach Category.
 Example:
( 200 – ½ )
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WEATHER
IfDESTINATION
this is the IAP
selected for our Destination
what isPLANNING
the Weather Planning Minimums for
the Straight-in ILS RWY 6 approach?
Selected Approach
Helicopters can reduce vis if not
prohibited by the IAP.
Determine helicopter Planning Minimums for Cat A
Planning Minimums is 200 – ¼ for
this S - ILS 6 IAP
1/4
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If this is the IAP selected for our Destination
what
is
our
Weather
Planning
Minimums
for
DESTINATION WEATHER
the Straight-in
LOC RWY 6 approach?
PLANNING
Selected approach
Planning Minima for this S - LOC 6 IAP
Helicopters
is
500 – 1/4 can reduce visibility if not
Prohibited by the IAP.
1/4
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If this is the IAP selected for our Destination
what is the Weather Planning Minimums for
the Straight-in VOR RWY 18 approach?
Correct Answer: Need at least 500 CIG ½ sm
vis at ETA + 1 Hr to file IFR to this procedure.
½
Vol 14
37
If this is the IAP selected for our Destination
what is the Planning Minimums for the
COPTER VOR 336 approach?
Answer: 400 CIG ½ sm Vis
You cannot reduce visibility on COPTER
approaches!
Vol 14
38
You cannot reduce visibility if there is a
restriction in the PILOT BRIEFING
section or the PLAN VIEW of the IAP
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learning
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When is an Alternate Airfield Required?
AR 95-1, para 5-2. e.
When the answer is yes to any of these questions.
1. Is Radar Required for the approach procedure?
2. Are the Approach Navaids Unmonitored?
3. Is forecast Predominant Weather @ ETA + 1 hr Less Than:
– Ceiling, 400 Feet Above Planning Minimum
– Visibility, 1 Mile greater than Planning Minimum
VFR Exception – Alternate is not required if descent from
minimum en route altitude for IFR operation, approach, and
landing can be made in VFR conditions.
41
What is the minimum Weather that would
not require an Alternate when filing to the
S-ILS RWY 10 approach at MGM?
¼
+400 -1
600 – 1 ¼
Vol 14
or higher required
at ETA Plus 1 hour to not need an Alternate
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VFR EXCEPTION
.
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What do the terms, Minimum Altitude for
IFR Operations or Minimum IFR Altitude
(MIA), include?
These terms may include any of the following:
1. MEA, while on an airway
2. MOCA, while on an airway within 22nm of the NAVAID
3. Published Feeder Route Altitude
4. IAP segment minimum altitude
5. MEA as determined by the Pilot when on
a “Direct” Route using VFR Sectional.
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IFR Alternate Planning. VFR Exception Rule.
Determine minimum Ceiling for VFR conditions
when applying the VFR exception rule.
3000
V-70
3000
V-70
Required information:
1. MIA (min IFR altitude)
2. Airport elevation
3. Required VFR cloud clearance
Airport Elevation 250 ft
IFR Alternate Planning. VFR Exception Rule.
Determine minimum Ceiling for VFR conditions
when applying the VFR exception rule.
3000
V-70
MIA (MEA in this example)
Subtract airport elevation
3000
-250
2750
Add VFR cloud clearance, (below) +500
3250
Round up to next 100 feet. 3300. This is the minimum ceiling
necessary to have VFR conditions at your MIA.
Airport Elevation 250 ft
IFR Alternate Planning. VFR Exception Rule.
Determine minimum Ceiling for VFR conditions
when applying the VFR exception rule.
3000
V-70
3300 CIG – 3 sm would be required at this airport to meet
ceiling and visibility requirements that would result in VFR
conditions at the MIA.
Airport Elevation 250 ft
Alternate required MEMORY AID
MWR
M.
W.
unMonitored navaid
R.
Radar required
Weather less than 400-1
above planning minima
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learning
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Let’s now determine if a selected
IAP qualifies for use as an
Alternate when an Alternate is
required.
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Alternate Airfield Selection
AR 95-1, Para 5-2. f.
Use Forecast Weather (TAF)
Use Worst Weather
Ceiling and Visibility Requirements
Forecast weather for IAP to be flown must be equal
or greater than 400-1 above Planning Minimums
Forecast Valid Time (ETA plus 1 hour)
Use Area Forecast if TAF is unavailable
51
What is the lowest forecast CIG and
visibility that would allow this DHN S-ILS 32
approach to be used as an Alternate?
Planning Minimums
¼
Add +400 - 1
Vol 14
Lowest forecast is 600 - 1 ¼ at ETA +
1 hr to use this IAP as an alternate52
Alternate Airfield Selection
An Approach procedure will not be selected as an
alternate if:
1. Not Authorized
A NA
2. Radar Required
3. Navaids unmonitored
4. B, C, D, or E surface based airspace does not
exist or is not in effect at the selected alternate
5. GPS Required
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 VFR EXCEPTION: “An airfield may be
selected as an alternate when the worst
weather condition for that airfield is forecast for
ETA through 1 hour after ETA to be equal or
greater than—VFR minimums and descent from
en route minimum altitude for IFR operation,
approach, and landing can be made in VFR
conditions.”
AR 95-1, paragraph 5-2, f.
This exception allows use of an approach
procedure for alternate even if the previous
5 mentioned restrictions apply
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Alternate Selection Memory Aid…
Wx GRAMS
 Wx. Weather forecast equal to or greater than
400-1 above weather planning minima
 G.
 R.
 A.
 M.
 S.
GPS required
Radar required
A N/A
Monitored NAVAIDS
Surface based Controlled Airspace
not in effect.
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?
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learning
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ELO
C
Determine additional sources of
weather information available to
the pilot
58
Once you have departed there may
be a need to obtain weather
updates due to changing weather
conditions.
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Inflight Sources of Weather
Information
See AIM or FIH for discussion of the following.
En Route
Destination
EFAS
PMSV
HIWAS
FSS
FSS
ATIS
AWOS
ASOS
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?
61
ELO D
Determine how and when to adjustment
Minima
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Remote Altimeter Minima
Adjustment
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Go to your TROY ILS
RWY 7 approach
chart.
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Note the PILOT BRIEF instructions
regarding altimeter setting.
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Note, “When local altimeter setting not
received, use Montgomery Rgnl altimeter
setting and increase all DA to 701 and all
MDA 120 feet, increase S-ILS vis for all
CAT ¼ mile.”
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701
(300-1)
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1000
68
1060
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learning
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INOP components Minima
adjustments.
71
TERPS DESIGN CRITERIA
 Non-Precision
Approach procedures
for Category A, B, & C:
 Visibility criteria of 1
SM
 Precision Approach
procedures for
Category A, B, C:
 Visibility criteria of ¾
SM
Factors that can raise visibility
requirements
 Height Above
Touchdown (HAT)
 Final Approach Course
Runway Alignment
 Effect of Obstacles
 Length of final
approach
Approach Light Systems (ALS)
 Authorized Approach
Light System will
permit an approach to
be certified with
visibility minimums
below the basic design
requirements.
Inoperative Components
 When the approach lights are out of service
all approaches will normally revert back to
the minimums that would have applied had
the lighting system never been installed.
 Therefore, we as the pilot must adjust the
weather planning visibility using the
Inoperative Component Chart or follow the
instructions in the Pilot’s Briefing section.
INOP Components minima
Adjustments. Page XX.
Page A1 in the TPP
DoD FLIP p. XX
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SCENARIO: When planning an IFR
mission, you check NOTAMS, and
determine that the ALSF 1 approach lights
are inoperative for the runway that you plan
to execute a VOR approach to.
77
The INOP Components Table
requires an adjustment to
Minimums when the ALSF-1
lighting system is inop.
1. Locate the Table that applies
to the type Approach to be
flown. VOR in our example
2. Locate the Line that applies to the
INOP component, ALSF-1, and your
approach category A.
3. Determine the amount to Increase
Planning Minimum Visibility
½
In this instance we will add
mile
visibility to our planning minimums
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We determine from the IAP that the
published planning minimums for the
VOR approach we intend to fly is
listed as: (500 – ¾)
We determined that we need
to increase planning visibility
by ½ mile from Table (3)
Next we will add ½ to ¾.
½
+¾
1¼
Final step, we will reduce 1 ¼ by 50% to
determine our new HELICOPTER
planning minimum visibility.
1 ¼ reduced by 50% = 5/8 sm.
Adjusted planning minimums are
(500 – 5/8) due to inop ALSF-1
79
Add the value determined in
CAUTION
the INOPCAUTION
components
Table to
your planning minima before
you reduce by 50% ! ! ! ! ! ! !
CAUTION
Ref. AR 95-1, 5-2, c., (5)
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In this IAP CATs A&B increase vis to 1 sm when
the ALS (approach lighting system) is inop. If the
minima adjustment procedure is listed in the
PILOT BRIEFING section it is not necessary to
refer to the INOP Components Table.
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learning
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Determine Dual VOR minimums
AR 95-1. para. 5-5. a. (4)
83
AR 95-1.
para. 5-5. a. (4)
Dual VOR minima
apply. Army Aviators
are allowed to use
dual VOR minima
even if aircraft is
equipped with only
one VOR receiver. Off
tuning from the
approach Navaid is
authorized.
84
Use these minima
Dual VOR minima apply. Army aviators may use
The dual minima using only one VOR receiver
85
•Arrival - AR 95-1 excerpts:
•Acceptance of a charted visual approach
clearance is not mandatory.
•Only an approved procedure will be flown.
•An approach may be initiated or continued
regardless of ceiling and visibility.
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?
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learning - Quiz
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TD 68 Weather Flight Planning PE Critique.
26th OWS, 866-223-9328 (FIH)
1. Wx brief source?
2. Wx void time? Add 1+30 to brief time. Forecaster @ 26th can update.
3. T/O min @ 79J?
4.
100- ¼
When to turn on departure? 710 ft MSL (airport elevation + 400ft)
5. Min climb rate? 300 fpm. (use E6B. 90kts g/s, 200ft/nm = 300 fpm)
6. Min cig to file to EDN?
500 – ½ (VOR) If planning to the VOR
300-1/2 (GPS) If planning to the GPS Approach
7. Do you need an alternate at EDN? YES for VOR (VOR is umto)
NO for GPS
8. What min wx at EDN would not require an alternate using the VOR IAP?
2200 – 3 MEA 2000, minus field elev (361), plus cloud clearance (500),
then round up) 2000 – 361 = 1639 + 500 = 2139 (2200)
9. Min cig and vis to initiate the approach at EDN? 0 – 0 ch 5, AR 95-1
10. Min forecast wx at Cairns that would allow you to use Cairns as an
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atlternate?
600 – 1 ¼ If planning for the ILS approach
THE END
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