Transcript 新编英汉互译教程讲稿

Tasks for today’s lesson
 Check
Exs. 3-4
 Chapter 5 The Translator’s Exertion
of Subjectivity
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Chapter 5
The Translator’s
Exertion of
Subjectivity
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5.1 The Necessity of the Translator’s
Exertion of Subjectivity
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To Guarantee the Successful Advancement of
Translation （确保翻译工作的顺利进展）
To Extend the Life of the Original Work （延长
原作的生命）
To Disseminate Cultures （传播文化）
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5.2 The Requirements for the Translator’s
Exertion of Subjectivity

Good Language Competence
 Cultural Background Knowledge
 Extensive Knowledge
 Earnest Devotion to the Task
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5.3 Manifestations of the Translator’s
Exertion of Subjectivity
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Selection of the SLT
Comprehension of the SLT
Selection of the Translation Strategy
– Domestication or foreignization
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Selection of Language Form
– Formal or informal, written or colloquial
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Reproduction of the SLT in the TLT
Improvement of TLT
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5.4 Restrictions of the Translator’s
Exertion of Subjectivity
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The translator can mobilize his dynamic role to
fulfill translation tasks, but he or she is restrained
by some factors at the same time.
 First of all, the translator is restrained by the
original author and the SLT.
 Secondly, the translator is limited by the age,
region and environment in which he or she lives.
 Thirdly, the translator is limited by the TLT
readers.
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Examples
直等到两个半月以后，尸身为人在无意中发现时，
那个狡猾强悍的煤矿工人，在辰谿与芷江两县交
界处的土匪队伍中称小头脑，干打家劫舍捉肥羊
的生涯已多日了。(沈从文)
 [原译] Two and a half months later, his body was
accidentally discovered; but by then the tough, crafty
miner was already a bandit chief in the border region
between Chenxi and Zhijiang, looting the villages
and stealing fat sheep.
 “捉肥羊” in the dialect of the west of Hunan,
means the deed of kidnapping the rich and extorting
money from them.
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Examples
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It now writhed in convulsion of pain, and was a
forcible type in its little frame, of the moral agony
which Hester Prynne had borne throughout the day.
(The Scarlet Letter)
[原译] 她这时正在痛苦的痉挛中扭捩着，她小
小的身体，成了海丝特·白兰当天所忍受过来的精
神痛苦的一个强有力的模型。
 [改译] 女婴正在痛苦中抽搐着，扭动着她那小小
的身躯。这完全象征着海丝特·白兰在白天里所经
受的一切精神痛苦。
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Examples
严复的译文 （为什么这样译？）
 It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years
ago, before Caesar (100 B.C.44 B.C.) set foot in
Southern Britain, the whole countryside visible from
the windows of the room in which I write, was in
what is called “the state of nature”.
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赫胥黎独处一室之中，在英伦之南，背山而面野，
槛外诸境，历历如在眼下。乃悬想两千年前，当
罗马大将恺撒来到时，此间有何景物。计惟有天
造草昧，人功未施。
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Examples
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译文比较：选择译语的考虑
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Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for
ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness
and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for
ability, is in the judgement and disposition of
business. (Of Studies by Francis Bacon)
[译文1] 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，
最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；
其长才也，最见于处事判事之际。(王佐良译)
 [译文2] 求知可以作为消遣，可以作为装饰，也可以增长
才干。当你孤独寂寞时，阅读可以消遣。当你高谈阔论
时，知识可供装饰。当你处事行事时，正确运用知识意
味着力量。(何新译)
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Examples
翻译技巧的使用
 The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear
violation of the international law.

[译文1]细菌武器的使用是对国际法的明显
违反。
 [译文2]使用细菌武器显然违反国际法。
 使用了什么技巧：
 词性转换
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Examples
翻译技巧的使用
 Avoid using this computer in extreme cold,
heat, dust or humidity.
 [译文1]不要在过冷、热、灰尘、湿度的情
况下使用此电脑。
 [译文2]不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿
度过大的情况下使用此电脑。
 使用了什么技巧：
 增词，以使汉语译文意思清楚、语言通顺。
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Examples
翻译技巧的使用
 John was a fool for danger.
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[译文1] 约翰对危险是傻子。
 [译文2] 约翰是天不怕地不怕的。
 使用了什么技巧：
 跳出字面，译出深层含义。
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Examples
翻译技巧的使用
 Unless something is moved, no work is done.
 [译文1]除非某种东西被移动，否则功不
会被完成。
 [译文2]除非某种物体移动了，否则就没有
做功。
 使用了什么技巧：
 改变语态：被动改为主动。
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Examples
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翻译技巧的使用
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心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。
[ 译 文 1] She had more chambers in her heart than the
martyred Bi Gan; and suffered a tithe more pain in it than the
beautiful Xi Shi. (translated by David Hawkes)
[ 译 文 2] She looked more sensitive than Pikan①, more
delicate than Xi Shih②. （Notes: 1. A prince noted for his
great intelligence at the end of the Shang Dynasty. 2. A
famous beauty of the ancient kingdom of Yueh. (杨宪益译) ）
使用了什么技巧：
意译；加注。
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Examples
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翻译技巧的使用
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And so many of those “best men” have returned as amputees
and quadriplegias to lie in rancid hospitals which fly the flag
that Mr. Agnew holds so close.
[译文1]也是那些“优秀分子”中有这样多的人缺臂断腿，
四肢瘫痪地回来，结果是躺在飘扬着阿格纽先生如此珍
视的那面旗帜的、腐臭之气冲天的医院里。
[译文2]那样多的“优秀分子”缺胳膊断腿，甚至四肢瘫
痪回来，结果却躺在臭气熏天的医院里，而医院上空飘
荡的正是阿格纽先生无比珍视的那面旗帜。
使用了什么技巧：
断句，因汉语的定语不能太长。
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Homework:
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Exercise 5
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Lu Xun made such remarks: simply for the motif
of A Dream of Red Mansions, there are different
opinions depending on the readers standards:
Confucians see The Book of Changes, neoConfucians see lewdness, talented scholars see
pathos, revolutionists see excluding the Manchus,
and gossipmongers see palace secrets. (经济学家
看到了《易》, 道学家看到了淫, 才子看到 缠绵,
革命家看到了排满, 流学家看到了宫围秘事 。)
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