Transcript The European Invasion

SS6H1a.b.
SS6H2a.
Latin America- History
Learning Targets
SS6H1a.
1. I can describe characteristics of the Aztec civilization.
2. I can describe characteristics of the Inca civilization.
3. I can compare and contrast the early civilizations of
the Aztecs and Incas.
4. I can describe the encounter and consequences of the
conflict between Montezuma and Cortes.
5. I can explain Montezuma’s role in this encounter.
6. I can describe the encounter and consequences of the
conflict between Atahualpa and Pizarro.
7. I can explain Atahualpa’s role in this encounter.
Introduction to the Aztecs
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http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt
=aztec#selItemsPerPage=60&intCurrentPage=
0&No=0&N=18342%252B4294949099&Ne=
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252Bmatchallpartial
Conflict # 1: _______ Empire v. ___________
Time Period
Location
Leaders
_______ - _______
____________ _______ _________
(Near modern _________
_______ Ruler
___________
Result of
Conflict
How did this
change
things?
___________)
________ Conquistador
_______ _______
-The Spanish are _____________________
-The Spanish have ___________ weapons & use the _____ of the
Aztecs as allies.
-________________is killed.
The Spanish claimed _______ as a part of their Empire & used it’s
resources to gain ___________.
The people of the region developed ___________culture traits
(Language-___________ & Religion- ______________)
_____________ ruled the area for the next 300 years.
Conflict # 1: Aztec Empire v. Spain
Time Period
1519-1521
Southern Mexican Plateau
Location
(Near modern Mexico City)
Leaders
Result of
Conflict
How did
this change
things?
Aztec Ruler
Spanish Conquistador
Montezuma II
Hernan Cortes
-The Spanish are victorious.
-The Spanish have superior weapons & use the neighbors of the
Aztecs as allies.
-Montezuma II is killed
The Spanish claimed Mexico as a part of their Empire & used its
resources to gain wealth
The people of the region developed Spanish culture traits
(Language-Spanish & Religion- Catholic)
Spain ruled the area for the next 300 years.
Introduction to the Incas
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=in
cas
Conflict # 2: ______ Empire vs. ______
Time Period
Location
Leaders
________-_________
_______ Mts./Pacific Coast of ______ ___________
Parts of: Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, & Argentina
________ Ruler
_______ Conquistador
____________
_________ ________
Result of
Conflict
The Spanish are ________________.
The Spanish have __________ weapons & ________
Inca leadership.
____________ is killed.
How did
this change
things?
The
Spanish claimed ___________ _________ __________ as a
part of their Empire & used its resources to gain ________.
The people of the region developed ___________culture traits
(Language- __________ & Religion- _____________)
____________ ruled the area for the next 300 years.
Conflict # 2:
Time Period
Location
Leaders
Inca Empire vs. Spain
1531-1533
Andes Mts./Pacific Coast of South America
Parts of: Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, & Argentina
Inca Ruler
Spanish Conquistador
Atahualpa
Francisco Pizarro
Result of
Conflict
The Spanish are victorious.
The Spanish have superior weapons & deceive Inca
leadership.
Atahualpa is killed.
How did
this change
things?
The
Spanish claimed Western S. America as a part of their
Empire & used its resources to gain wealth
The people of the region developed Spanish culture traits
(Language-Spanish & Religion- Catholic)
Spain ruled the area for the next 300 years.
Let’s
Review
1. Which of the following events occurred as a result of
European exploration of the Americas in the 1400s and the
1500s?
A. the discovery and use of the Northwest Passage to Asia
B. the invention of the astrolabe, which improved navigation.
C. the destruction of the Aztec and Incan civilizations
D. the discovery that only the Atlantic Ocean separated Asia
from Europe
1. Which of the following events occurred as a result of
European exploration of the Americas in the 1400s and the
1500s?
A. the discovery and use of the Northwest Passage to Asia
B. the invention of the astrolabe, which improved navigation.
C. the destruction of the Aztec and Incan civilizations
D. the discovery that only the Atlantic Ocean separated Asia
from Europe
2. In the 1500s, the Incan civilization was
conquered by Spanish soldiers led by
A. Ferdinand Magellan.
B. Francisco Pizarro.
C. Montezuma.
D. Vasco da Gama.
2. In the 1500s, the Incan civilization was
conquered by Spanish soldiers led by
A. Ferdinand Magellan.
B. Francisco Pizarro.
C. Montezuma.
D. Vasco da Gama.
3. In the 1500s the Aztec Empire in Central
America was conquered by Spanish soldiers
led by
A. James Cook.
B. Montezuma.
C. Hernando Cortés.
D. Christopher Columbus.
3. In the 1500s the Aztec Empire in Central
America was conquered by Spanish
soldiers led by
A. James Cook.
B. Montezuma.
C. Hernando Cortés.
D. Christopher Columbus.
Our Learning Target
SS6H1b
I can explain the impact of the
Columbian Exchange on Latin
America and Europe in terms of the
decline of the indigenous population,
agricultural change, and the
introduction of the horse.
Before 1492
Two very
different
ecosystems
Two sets of
culturally
diverse
peoples
http://www.history.com/topics/aztecs/videos#th
e-aztecs
Two different
disease pools
Two sets of
flora and fauna
“...all the trees were as different
from ours as day from night, and
so the fruits, the herbage, the
rocks, and all things.”
-- Christopher Columbus
Two biological ecosystems interchanged
to create a new world ecology.
According to historian
Alfred Crosby, the
exchange of plants,
animals and
pathogens between
the two hemispheres
was biologically “the
most spectacular
thing that has ever
happened to humans,"
and he coined the
phenomenon the
Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange
is the exchange of physical
elements such as, plants,
animals, diseases, and
weapons.
ANIMALS
During this time period, the ONLY
domesticated animals in the Americas
were…LLAMAS!
European explorers brought horses,
pigs, cattle, & sheep.
This completely changed the way that
the land was used!
With all of these new farm
animals, it was time to start
planting crops.
• Europeans brought cash crops
to the Americas: sugar, rice,
wheat, coffee, bananas, &
grapes.
• These new crops flourished in
the Americas.
PLANTS
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Europeans find crops in the Americas:
Maize (corn), tomatoes, tobacco,
cacao (chocolate), beans, and
cotton.
They bring these plants back to
Europe, where they are very popular!
Think—Italian spaghetti…What if they
never had tomatoes?
An Exchange of Pathogens
• Europeans (unknowingly)
brought over diseases that the
natives weren’t immune to.
The smallpox virus
These diseases spread by air & touch.
• Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, chickenpox,
bubonic plague, scarlet fever, & influenza were the most common.
• In Mexico alone, the native population fell from roughly 30
million in 1519 to only 3 million in 1568.
The greatest impact of the
Columbian Exchange was the
exchange of different food crops.
Sweet
Potatos
Cassava
Potatos
The Exchange of Plants and Animals
Originally from the Western Hemisphere
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Potato
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Maize (corn)
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Manioc (cassava, tapioca)
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Sweet potato
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Tomato
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Cacao (chocolate)
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Squash
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Chili peppers
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Pumpkin
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Papaya
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Guava
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Tobacco
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Avocado
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Pineapple
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Beans (most varieties, including
phaseolus vulgaris)
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Peanuts
Certain cottons
Rubber
Turkeys
Originally from the Eastern Hemisphere
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Sugar
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Olive oil
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Various grains (Wheat, rice, rye,
barley, oats)
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Grapes
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Coffee
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Horses
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Cattle
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Pigs
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Goats
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Sheep
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Chickens
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Various fruit trees (pear, apple,
peach, orange, lemon, pomegranate,
fig, banana)
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Chick peas
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Melons
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Radishes
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A wide variety of weeds and grasses
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Cauliflower
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Cabbage
The Columbian
Exchange
Imagine Italian food
without tomatoes,
Mexican food with no
rice and bean dish, the
Irish without potatoes,
chocolate without
sugar.
4. Part of the Columbian Exchange between Europe
and the Americas included the
A. movement of many indigenous Americans to
Europe.
B. movement of goods on shipping routes across the
Pacific.
C. introduction of new crops to Europe and the
Americas.
D. introduction of mass production and factory
buildings to the Americas.
4. Part of the Columbian Exchange between Europe
and the Americas included the
A. movement of many indigenous Americans to
Europe.
B. movement of goods on shipping routes across the
Pacific.
C. introduction of new crops to Europe and the
Americas.
D. introduction of mass production and factory
buildings to the Americas.
5. Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztecs and the
Incas because
A. the Native Central Americans were peaceful and refused to
fight the Spanish soldiers.
A. B. the Aztec navy was quickly defeated by the superior
Spanish Armada.
C. the Aztecs and Incas were at war with each other, making
them weaker.
D. European diseases killed many Native Central Americans
who might have fought the Spanish.
5. Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztecs and the
Incas because
A. the Native Central Americans were peaceful and refused to
fight the Spanish soldiers.
A. B. the Aztec navy was quickly defeated by the superior
Spanish Armada.
C. the Aztecs and Incas were at war with each other, making
them weaker.
D. European diseases killed many Native Central
Americans who might have fought the Spanish.
Make an index card
for each country –
Americas and Europe.
Read each of the following
WHO AM I? statements
and hold up the country
that is described.
Who Am I?
I introduced
the horse.
Who Am I?
I introduced
tomatoes.
Who Am I?
I introduced
cacao
(chocolate).
Who Am I?
I introduced
smallpox.
Who Am I?
I introduced
weapons.
Who Am I?
I introduced
potatoes.
Who Am I?
I introduced
corn.
Our Learning Target
SS6H2a
I can describe the
influence of African
slavery on the
development of the
Americas.
Slavery in Latin America
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•
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Shortage of labor in Americas led
to beginning of Atlantic slave
trade.
Farmers and plantation owners
first used Native Americans,
however European diseases and
warfare killed millions of Native
Americans.
Workers were still needed on
sugar, tobacco, and other types of
plantations which brought about
the Africa slave trade in the
Americas.
Slavery in Latin America
http://app.discoveryeducation.co
m/search?Ntt=triangle+of+trade
Slavery in Latin America
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Between the 1500s
and the 1800s millions
of Africans were
captured, shipped
across the Atlantic
Ocean, and sold as
slaves in the Americas.
10 to 20 Million Enslaved
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Brazil
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Spanish Empire
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2 - 5 million
Caribbean
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4 - 10 million
3 – 6 million
North America
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.5 – 1 million
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade is a
historical term
indicating trade among
three ports or regions,
in the shape of a
triangle.
(Europe, Africa, and the
Americas)
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Triangular Trade
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First leg of triangle, ships
carrying European goods to
Africa to be exchanged for
slaves.
Second leg, Middle
Passage, brought Africans
to Americas to be sold.
Third leg carried American
products to Europe.
http://www.discovery.com/tvshows/othershows/videos/assignmentdiscovery-triangular-trade.htm
Triangular Trade Route
Europe
The Americas
Manufactured
goods
(beads, cloth,
guns)
Cotton, sugar, tobacco,
molasses, rum
Africa
slaves
6. One impact of the African Slave Trade included
A. further blending of ethnic groups in Latin
America
B. more opportunities for Africans to own land
C. less shipping between continents.
D. Africans brought their French and English
languages to Latin America.
6. One impact of the African Slave Trade included
A. further blending of ethnic groups in Latin
America
B. more opportunities for Africans to own land
C. less shipping between continents.
D. Africans brought their French and English
languages to Latin America.
7. The African slave trade grew because European
nations wanted the captured Africans
A. to work in the new factories.
B. to replace the labor of the serfs.
C. to work on the plantations in their colonies.
D. to increase the number of soldiers in their armies.
7. The African slave trade grew because European
nations wanted the captured Africans
A. to work in the new factories.
B. to replace the labor of the serfs.
C. to work on the plantations in their colonies.
D. to increase the number of soldiers in their armies.
Our Learning Target
SS6H2b
I can describe the influence
of the Spanish and the Portuguese
on the language and religions
of Latin America.
Spread of Culture
As result of slave trade,
people of African descent
spread throughout Americas,
Western Europe
Spread called African
Diaspora
Eventually led to spread of
African culture—music, art,
religion, food—throughout the
Western World
Slaves and other ethnic
groups blended
Languages of Latin America
The term Latin
America refers to the
origin of the languages
Spanish and
Portuguese from
Ancient Roman Empire.
These languages are
spoken widely
throughout Latin
America as a result of
European colonization
of the region.
Languages of Latin America
There are two main
languages spoken
throughout Latin
America
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Portuguese- Brazil
Spanish- in most
other countries
Languages of Latin America
Video
Recall- Why did Europeans Explore?
The 3 G’s:
God
Gold
Glory
The Three G’s
European explorers
had found gold and
glory in the
Americas.
Now it was time to
focus on God.
Spread of Christianity
After the Spanish
conquered the
Aztecs and the
Incas (and other
Native Americans),
they tried to
convert them to
Christianity.
Spread of Christianity
Just as the Catholic
Church was powerful in
Spain… it soon became
powerful in Latin
America
Catholic priests set up
churches, schools,
hospitals and Spanish
missions
Spread of Christianity
The purpose of
Spanish Missions and
the priests was to
spread the Christian
religion among the
local natives.
Spread of Christianity
To help accomplish
this, each Spanish
mission recruited
local natives,
brought them to
live at the mission
and taught them
Spanish, farming
and other skills.
Religion of Latin America Today
The lasting impact
of the spread of
Christianity can
still be found
throughout Latin
America today.

94% of Latin
Americans are
Roman Catholic.
Roman
Catholic
Other
SOCIAL HIERARCHY
Who had the most power? The least?
Criolles:
People of pure
European blood
But born in the
New World
Mestizoes
Indian +
European
blood
CAUSES
P
Peninsulares:
Native Spaniards
C
M
M
I&A
Indians and Africans
Mulattos:
African +
European blood
8. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America. How is
Spain's influence still seen in these countries today?
A. No Native American customs and languages have survived.
B. The king of Spain is still the head of state of most of these
countries.
C. Most of the people in these countries are Roman Catholic.
D. Most of these countries have a strong democratic tradition.
8. Spain colonized many countries in Latin America. How is
Spain's influence still seen in these countries today?
A. No Native American customs and languages have survived.
B. The king of Spain is still the head of state of most of these
countries.
C. Most of the people in these countries are Roman
Catholic.
D. Most of these countries have a strong democratic tradition.
9. The religion practiced and languages spoken
throughout much of Latin America are
similar because the people were
A. from the same indigenous group
B. from the same country in Asia
C. colonized by the same countries
D. one independent nation
9. The religion practiced and languages spoken
throughout much of Latin America are
similar because the people were
A. from the same indigenous group
B. from the same country in Asia
C. colonized by the same countries
D. one independent nation
10. Which Latin American country is the only one whose
language and culture have been greatly influenced by
Portugal, because it was the only colony of Portugal in
the region?
A. Brazil
B. Panama
C. Argentina
D. Chile
10. Which Latin American country is the only one whose
language and culture have been greatly influenced by
Portugal, because it was the only colony of Portugal in
the region?
A. Brazil
B. Panama
C. Argentina
D. Chile
11. Which country had the most significant impact on the
language and religion of Latin America?
A. Britain.
B. France.
C. Spain.
D. Portugal.
11. Which country had the most significant impact on the
language and religion of Latin America?
A. Britain.
B. France.
C. Spain.
D. Portugal.