Transcript Slide 1

PENTINGNYA
HARA K DAN PUPUK
BAGI
TANAMAN TEBU
Bahan kajian MK Pupuk dan Pemupukan
Diabstraksikan oleh Prof Dr Ir Soemarno MS
Jur Tanah FP UB Oktober 2011
FUNGSI K BAGI TANAMAN
Kalium terlibat dalam banyak aspek
fisiologis tanaman:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mengaktivkan berbagai jenis ensim
Membantu fotosintesis
Mendorong status energi yang tinggi
Mempertahankan turgor sel
Meregulasi membukanya stomata daun
Membantu penyerapan air
Meregulasi pengangkutan hara dalam
tanaman
8. Membantu pengangkutan dan
penyimpanan karbohidrat
9. Membantu penyerapan N dan sintesis
protein
10. Membantu sintesis pati dalam daun
ASAM HUMAT + PUPUK NPK
MEMPERBAIKI KETERSEDIAAN HARA
TANAH
Aplikasi asam humat bersama dengan pupuk
NPK meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur hara
dalam tanah (Vertisol dan Alfisol) bagi
tanaman.
Perlakuan aplikasi terbaiki adalah 10 kg ha-1
asam humat (soil application) + 0.1% asam
humat semprotan daun (dua kali) + 0.3%
asam humat + 100% NPK dosis
rekomendasi.
Perlakuan lain yang sama baiknya adalah
aplikasi asam humat 20 kg ha-1 HA (soil
application) + 100% NPK dosis rekomendasi.
Sumber:
Journal Acta Agronomica Hungarica
Volume 52, Number 3 / November 2004
KALIUM & KUALITAS TEBU
KALIUM merupakan kation yang banyak
terakumulasi dalam cairan sel tanaman tebu.
Tanaman tebu yang sehat biasanya mengandung
kalium lebih dari
200 kg K/ha.
Kalau suplai kalium tidak mencukupi, indikator
yang paling terpengaruh adalah panjang-batang
yang dapat digiling, dan jumlah batang anakan.
Kalium juga berfungsi sebagai aktivator ensim, K
sangat penting dalam proses sintesis dan
translokasi sukrose dari daun ke jaringan
simpanan sukrose di batang tebu.
Respon tanaman tebu terhadap pupuk K sangat
tergantung pada ketersediaan K-tanah, respon
yang signifikan hanya terjadi pada tanah-tanah
yang kandungan K-tersedianya rendah
Biasanya tanaman tebu respon terhadap pupuk K
dengan peningkatan hasil tebu, tanpa
peningkatan kadar sukrose.
Serapan K yang berlebihan oleh tanaman tebu
dapat “menekan atau membatasi” recovery
sukrose selama penggilingan. Sehingga
pemupukan K harus dibatasi untuk mencukupi
produksi optimum dan untuk membantu regulasi
kemasakan, sehingga hasil gula maksimum dapat
diperoleh dari batang tebu yang dapat digiling.
KALIUM & KUALITAS TEBU
KALIUM merupakan kation yang banyak
terakumulasi dalam cairan sel tanaman tebu.
Tanaman tebu yang sehat biasanya mengandung
kalium lebih dari
200 kg K/ha.
Kalau suplai kalium tidak mencukupi, indikator
yang paling terpengaruh adalah panjang-batang
yang dapat digiling, dan jumlah batang anakan.
Kalium juga berfungsi sebagai aktivator ensim, K
sangat penting dalam proses sintesis dan
translokasi sukrose dari daun ke jaringan
simpanan sukrose di batang tebu.
Respon tanaman tebu terhadap pupuk K sangat
tergantung pada ketersediaan K-tanah, respon
yang signifikan hanya terjadi pada tanah-tanah
yang kandungan K-tersedianya rendah
Biasanya tanaman tebu respon terhadap pupuk K
dengan peningkatan hasil tebu, tanpa
peningkatan kadar sukrose.
Serapan K yang berlebihan oleh tanaman tebu
dapat “menekan atau membatasi” recovery
sukrose selama penggilingan. Sehingga
pemupukan K harus dibatasi untuk mencukupi
produksi optimum dan untuk membantu regulasi
kemasakan, sehingga hasil gula maksimum dapat
diperoleh dari batang tebu yang dapat digiling.
K dan KUALITAS TEBU
Kadar sukrose nira tebu sangat ditentukan
oleh varietas dan kondisi iklim, pemupukan
hanya salah satu faktor yang ikut
mempengaruhi rndemen.
Biasanya hasil penelitian pemupukan kalium
menunjukkan bahwa respon hasil tebu
terhadap pupuk K tidak diikuti dengan
peningkatan sukrose dalam tebu.
Hasil penelitian di Afrika selatan,
peningkatan dosis pupuk K yang tidak
mendatangkan respon hasil tebu, ternyata
hanya sedikit berpengaruh pada kualitas
tebu.
Aplikasi pupuk kalium secara bertahap dua
kali (50% saat tanam dan 50% pada akhir
musim) memberikan hasil tebu dan jumlah
batang tebu yang maksimum, sedangkan
kualitas nira tidak terpengaruhi.
KALIUM DAN RENDEMEN
TEBU
K has a tendency to increase sucrose solubility
during sugar processing, thus maintaining a
certain amount of sucrose in solution, one K+
tying up one molecule of sucrose.
A significant depression in sucrose concentration
of cane following an application of 183 kg K ha–1
in South Africa.
Chapman (1980) observed in long term trials in
Australia that 196 kg K ha–1 slightly decreased
sucrose content in cane when compared to the no
K treatment.
A more vivid example of K lowering sucrose
recovery is provided by Korndorfer (1990) who
observed that vinasse (distillery slops) when
applied at 120 m3 ha–1 to a dark red dystrophic
latosol in Brazil increased cane yield from 98 to
127 t ha–1 but decreased recoverable sucrose
concentration in cane from 15.0 to 13.1%.
REKOMENDASI PUPUK K
TANAMAN TEBU
Persen Liat
Tanaman
kg K2O/ha
Less than 30%
Plant crop
90 to 210
Subsequent
ratoons
150 to 210
Plant crop
120 to 240
Subsequent
ratoons
180 to 240
Plant crop
120 to 300
Subsequent
ratoons
240 to 300
More than 30%,
exc. high base
saturation soils
More than 40% clay
and high base
saturation
Sumber: SASRI-FAS, 2002.
PUPUK K TANAMAN TEBU
Aplikasi pupuk K dapat meningkatkan hasil
tebu dan rendemennya kalau tanahnya
mengandung kalium kurang dari 102 ppm.
Dosis optimum pupuk K sekitar 140 kg/ha
dapat meningkatkan hasil gula sekitar 2.8
t/ha.
Aplikasi pupuk N dan K mampu
meningkatkan hasil gula pada lahan tebu
yang miskin kalium. Kalium memperbaiki
metabolisme N tanaman dan kalium menjadi
faktor pembatas untuk produksi gula di lahan
ini.
Tingkat kritis untuk respon K pada tanahtanah ini adalah sekitar 102 ppm Kterekstraks. Tanah-tanah dnegan kandungan
K-ekstraks lebih dari 140 ppm tidak respon
terhadap pupuk kalium.
Sumber: Better Crops International, Vol. 14, No. 1,
May 2000
WAKTU APLIKASI PUPUK K
Waktu aplikasi pupuk K berpengaruh
terhadap hasil tebu dan status nutrisi K
tanaman tebu.
Penangguhan seluruh atau separuh dosis
pupuk rekomendasi 150 Kg K/ha hingga
bersamaan dengan saat puncak
pertumbuhan tanaman tebu ternyata tidak
berpengaruh pada hasil tebu dan status hara
tanaman.
Di daerah dengan curah hujan lebih dari 2000
mm per tahun, sebaliknya pemupukan kalium
dilakukan setiap tahun pada saat tanam
(awal musim).
Sumber: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
Volume 20, Number 3, 153-158.
Nilai Kritis K-tanah
1. Nilai kritis K-tersedia pada tanah
berpasir 46.2 mg/kg.
2. Nilai kritis K-tersedia tanah
berlempung 51.4mg/kg.
3. Nilai kritis K-tersedia pada tanah liat
60 mg/kg.
Klasifikasi ketersediaan kalium
tanah bagi tanaman tebu
Texture
Soil available)
K(mg/kg
Increases yield
kg per K2O kg
( %)
Sand
Low <46
China 46- 90
It is high> 90
113
>18
-
91
13.3
–
Loam
Low <52
China 52- 110
It is high > 110
109.2
88
-
>15
10
–
Clay
Low <60
China 60- 120
It is high > 120
139.7
67.2
<8
>10
7.5
<5
SERAPAN KALIUM TANAMAN TEBU
1.Setiap hektar tanaman tebu menyerap
kalium sekitar 100.91-315.28 kg K2O.
2.
Hasil tebu berkorelasi positif
dengan serapan kalium (r = 0.979**)
3.
Hasil tebu (y) berhubungan secara
linear dengan serapan kalium (x) : y =
31687.1 + 246.0 x.
Aplikasi pupuk K pada tebu
Tanaman tebu menyuerap kalium dalam
jumlah yang lebih banyak dibandingkan
dengan N dan P
Penyerapan K paling banyak terjadi pada
fase pertumbuhan awal dan pertengahan
vegetatif.
KALIUM TANAMAN TEBU
Pengelolaan Kalium Tanaman Tebu harus
memperhatikan hal-hal berikut:
1.Nilai kritis K-tersedia dalam tanah, tanah pasir 46.2
mg/kg. Tanah lempung 51.4mg/kg; Tanah liat 60 mg/kg .
2.Setiap hektar tanaman tebu menyerap sekitar 100.91315.28 kg K2O atau setiap ton tebu menyerap K2O 1.98 2.71 kg.
3.Efisiensi pemupukan kalium tanaman tebu 29.4 - 40.6%.
4.Serapan kalium tanaman tebu pada berbagai fase
pertumbuhan: Fase kecambah 4.2%, Fase pembentukan
anakan 13.7%, Fase vegetatif awal 32.8%, Fase
pertumbuhan lanjut 41.2%, Fase pemasakan 8.1%.
5.Kecepatan penyerapan kalium pada fase pertumbuhan
awal adalah 160 g/day/hm2 pda tanaman yang dipupuk
NPK.
6.Kecepatan penyerapan kalium pada fase pertumbuhan
vegetatif sebesar 2180 g/day/hm2.
7.Intensitas penyerapan kalium tanaman tebu dapat
menurun menjadi 250 g/day/hm2 pada fase pemasakan.
The potassium cycle in the soil-plant-animal
system (from SYERS, 1998)
Effect of K on sucrose content and sugar
yield of cane in India (IPI on-farm trials,
2001)
Model Siklus Calvin yang disederhadnakan.
Triose phosphates (TP) can either be exported to the cytosol
for sucrose synthesis or stay in the chloroplast for starch
synthesis; however, the bulk of TP is used for ribulose-1,5bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.
Sintesis sukose dalam cytosol is tergantung pada impor Pi
oleh khloroplas.
MEKANISME PENYERAPAN K+ OLEH AKAR
Proses pertukaran kation antara akar tanaman dengan aprtikel
tanah
http://click4biology.info/c4b/9/plant9.2.htm
PENYERAPAN KATION K+
Membran plasma sel-tanaman dapat menyerap ion dengan dua cara
berbeda yang memerlukan energi:
Metode tidak langsung, dimana pompa proton (hydrogen pumps)
menciptakan gradien elektrokimia
Metode langsung, dimana membran sel secara aktif mengangkut ion
tertentu.
Proses tidak langsung:
Pompa Proton (hydrogen) dalam membran plasma memompa ke luar
H+ dan selanjutnya hal ini akan mempunyai dampak ikuran seperti
gambar berikut.
http://click4biology.info/c4b/9/plant9.2.htm
Penyerapan ion : METODE LANGSUNG
Ion K+ yang bebas dan ada dalam larutan tanah diambil secara
aktif oleh pompa membran transport aktif.
Pompa membran ini bersifat spesifik untuk setiap jenis kation.
http://click4biology.info/c4b/9/plant9.2.htm
Fotoreduksi (reduksi FeIII cyanide) dan fotofosforilasi dalam kloroplast merupakan fungsi dari
konsnetrasi K+ (K1 = suplai K suboptimum, K2 =
.
suplai K optimum)
Peranan K dalam sistem transpor nitrat dan
malate dalam tanaman. PEP= phosphoenol
pyruvate (Marschner, 1995).
KALIUM MEMPERBAIKI RENDEMEN
TEBU
Aplikasi kalium meningkatkan hasil tebu dan rendemen pada
tanah Andisols dan Entisols, kalau kandungan K-tanah kurang
dari 102 ppm.
Dosis optimum K2O sebesar 140 kg/ha dapat emningkatkan
hasil gula sebesar 2.8 t/ha.
Peningkatan hasil gula yang konsisten terjadi kalau pupuk Nk
diaplikasikan pada Andisol yang miskin kalium.
Hal ini berarti K dapat memperbaiki penggunaan N oleh
tanaman dapat menjadi faktor pembatas untuk produksi gula.
Tingkat kritis K-tanah adalah sekitar 102 ppm.
Tanah-tanah dengan K-tanah lebih dari 140 ppm ternyata tidak
respon terhadap pemupukan K.
Sumber: Better Crops International Vol. 14, No. 1, May 2000
PUPUK K DAN P RENDEMEN TEBU
Aplikasi pupuk K dan P memperbaiki kualitas dan
hasil tanaman tebu.
Dosis yang diaplikasikan adalah potassium (0; 86 dan
172 kg/ha K2O) dan phosphorous (TSP) (0; 64.5 dan
129 kg/ha P2O5).
Pupuk K dan P tidak meningkatkan kadar serat tebu;
sedangkan kadar air tanaman dipengaruhi oleh
pupuk K.
Pupuk P meningkatkan kadar gula (polarization %) dan
kemurnian nira tebu (°/u).
Persen brix tebu menurun pada akhir musim sebagai
respon thd pupuk P, sedangkan ratoon hanya
sedikit terpengaruh.
Sedangkan pupuk K tidak berpengaruh terhadap
persen Brix, baik tebu-tanaman maupun ratoon.
Sumber: Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (16): 2345-2350, 2007
APLIKASI PUPUK P & K TANAMAN TEBU
Aplikasi pupuk P dan K berpengaruh terhadap hasil
tanaman tebu. Dosis aplikasinya adalah (0, 72, dan
144 kg K/ha) dan (0, 29 dan 58 kg P/ha).
Aplikasi kalium meningkatkan diameter batang, tinggi
batang, hasil tebu dan hasil gula.
Aplikasi pupuk P meningkatkan tinggi batang, jumlah
ruas, hasil gula.
Aplikasi P pada ratoon meningkatkan hasil tebu dan hasil
gula.
Kandungan K-tersedia dan P-tersedia dalam tanah
menurun setelah panen tebu.
Sumber: Journal of Plant Nutrition . Volume 27, Issue 4, 2004, Pages
663 - 699
DEFISIENSI K TEBU
menghambat translokasi fotosintat
Defisiensi K menghambat translokasi fotosintat
dari daun ke bagian tanaman lainnya.
Translokasi ini terhambat dalam helai daun yang
tidak menunjukkan gejala defisiensi K dan tidak
ada gejala penurunan fotosintesis.
Pada kondisi defisiensi yang parah, laju
fotosintesis dan konversi hasil fotosintesis
menjadi hasil akhir akan terhambat.
Laju respirasi daun yang defisien K juga
mengalami peningkatan.
Penurunan translokasi yang disebabkan oleh
defisiensi K dianggap sebagai efek utama akibat
dari munculnya gejala defisinesi kalium..
Nilai kritis K-tanah yang ditetapkan melalui hasil kajian
SASRI-FAS
Persen Liat tanah
kg K2O/ha
ppm K
30% atau kurang
300
112
30% atau lebih
498
150
40% atau lebih
600
225
Rekomendasi dosis pupuk K : SASRI-FAS, 2002.
Persen Liat Tanah
Tanaman
kg K2O/ha
Kurang dari 30%
Tebu Tanaman
90 - 210
Ratoon berikutnya
150 - 210
Tebu Tanaman
120 - 240
Ratoon berikutnya
180 - 240
Tebu Tanaman
120 - 300
Ratoon berikutnya
240 - 300
Lebih dari 30%,
kecuali tanah yang
KB nya tinggi
Lebih dari 40% liat
dan kejenuhan
basanya tinggi
Hubungan antara kandungan K-tukar dalam tanah
dengan hasil relatif tebu
(sumber: Farina et al., 1992).
Farina, M.P.W., Channon, P., Thibaud, G.R. & Phipson, J.D. 1992.
Soil and plant potassium optima for maize on a kaolinitic clay
soil. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 9, pp. 193 - 200.
TOTAL KALIUM DALAM TANAH
•The soil of the total potassium was≤5 g/kg
and accounts for 88.5%,
•the total potassium was between 5 to 10
g/kg and accounts for 9.6%,
•the content of the total potassium was
between 10 to 15 g/kg and accounts for
1.9%,
•there is no soil that content of the total
potassium is greater than 15 g/kg.
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
KALIUM LAMBAT TERSEDIA DALAM
TANAH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The slow release available potassium was
≤30 mg/kg and accounts for 25%,
the slow release available potassium was
between 30 to 60 mg/kg and accounts for
50%,
the slow release available potassium was
between 60 to 120 mg/kg and accounts for
17.3%,
the slow release available potassium was
between 120 to 180 mg/kg and accounts for
5.8%,
the slow release available potassium was
between 180 to 240 mg/kg and accounts for
1.9%,
there is no soil that slow release available
potassium of soil is greater than 240 mg/kg.
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
Klasifikasi kalium tersedia dalam tanah
untuk produksi tebu
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
JUMLAH KALIUM YANG DISERAP
TANAMAN TEBU
Setiap satu hektar tanaman tebu menyerap
K2O sebanyak 100.91 - 315.28 kg.
The result of the field experiments is
indicated, the sugarcane yield with
potassium absorbed amount of sugarcane
present positive correlation, coefficient
correlation r=0.979**,
Whether reach remarkable level extremely,
sugarcane yield (y) relational expression
with function of sugarcane who absorbed
potassium (x):y=31687.1+ 246.0x.
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
Change of potassium absorbing intensity for
sugarcane in different period ofduration
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
Change of N, P and K nutrient content for
sugarcane in different growth stage （CK）
Potassium nutrient management for planting area of the sugarcane
Hongwei Tan Liuqiang Zhou Rulin Xie Meifu Huang
(soil and fertilizer institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Guangxi,
530007)
KALIUM BAGI TEBU
Potassium (K) is the most abundant cation
accumulating in the cell sap of sugarcane plant.
A healthy sugarcane crop indeed contains
generally more than 200 kg K ha–1 in its aerial
parts. Though in the absence of an adequate K
supply, leaf area, tiller density and number of
green leaves per mother shoot may not be
affected, the height of millable stalks at harvest
and to a lesser degree the number of stalks may
be impaired.
By acting mainly as an enzyme activator in plant
metabolism, K is fundamental to the synthesis
and translocation of sucrose from the leaves to
the storage tissues in stalks. It also plays a
significant role in controlling the hydration and
osmotic concentration within the stomata guard
cells.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
RESPON TEBU TERHADAP KALIUM
Responses of sugarcane to K fertilization
reflect to a large extent the available K
status of soil, significant responses being
obtained only in soils low in available K.
Evaluating the response of sugarcane to K
fertilization must also take into account the
semi-perennial nature of sugarcane plant.
In this context as sugarcane is able to mine
the soil of its K reserves, responses to K
fertilizers are frequently not observed in
plant cane and often even in first and
second ratoons.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
RESPON TEBU TERHADAP KALIUM
The importance of a balanced nutrition
particularly between nitrogen (N) and K in the
attainment of the maximum yield should also not
be overlooked.
In general sugarcane responds to K fertilizers by
an increase in cane yield without any change in
sucrose concentration in the cane.
As an excessive uptake of K by the sugarcane
depresses the recovery of sucrose during
milling, K fertilization of sugarcane must be kept
just adequate to produce an optimum yield and
to help regulate maturity so that maximum sugar
is recovered from the millable canes.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
TANAMAN TEBU MEMERLUKAN BANYAK
KALIUM
Sugarcane is capable of
rapidly depleting soil of nutrients,
particularly potassium. Under South African
conditions, for instance, the aerial parts of
an adequately fertilized 12 monthold
rainfed plant cane crop has been reported
to contain 214 kg K ha–1
Wood, R.A. 1990. The roles of nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium in the production of sugarcane in South
Africa. Fertilizer Research 26: 87-98.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
TANAMAN TEBU
MEMERLUKAN BANYAK KALIUM
Under irrigation, a cane crop of similar age
and variety may remove as much as 790 kg
K ha–1.
In the Histosols of Florida, an average of
343 kg K ha–1 was removed from the field
at harvest of the sugarcane
Coale, F.J., Sanchez, C.A., Izuno, F.T. and Bottcher, A.B. 1993.
Nutrient accumulation and removal by sugarcane grown on
Everglades Histosols. Agronomy Journal 85: 310-315.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
TANAMAN TEBU
MEMERLUKAN BANYAK KALIUM
In Australia the average kg K ha–1 in the
aboveground biomass of a crop of 84
tonnes cane ha–1 was 198 kg K ha–1
Chapman, L.S. 1996. Australian sugar industry byproducts recycle plant nutrients. In : Downstream
effects of land use (Ed. Hunter, H.M., Eyles, A.G. and
Rayment, G.E.). Queensland Department of National
Resources, Queensland, Australia.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
Dry matter and K accumulation rates, tillers and leaf
area formation in rainfed ratoon cane harvested in
August and fertilized in September in Mauritius
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
Effect of K manuring on height, stalk population
and yields of sugarcane
(Donaldson et al., 1980)
Donaldson, R.A., Meyer, J.H. and Wood, R.A. 1990. Response to
potassium by sugarcane grown on base saturated clay soils in the Eastern
Transvaal lowland. Proceedings of the Annual Congress of South African
Sugar Technologists Association 64: 17-21.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
KALIUM DAN RENDEMEN TEBU
If the K supply is inadequate, hydrolytic
activity of invertase may be intensified
resulting in cane with high reducing sugars
but low sucrose level
Filho, J.O. 1985. Potassium nutrition of sugarcane. In :
Potassium in agriculture. (Ed. Munson, R.D.). American
Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil
Science Society of America, Madison. pp 1045-1062.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
DEFISIENSI KALIUM TANAMAN TEBU
Since K is a highly mobile nutrient in the plant,
early symptoms of K deficiency are first seen in
the older leaves. Leaf borders and tips will show
yellow-orange chlorosis with numerous chlorotic
spots that subsequently coalesce into brownish
chlorotic blotches. This reduces the green leaf
area in which photosynthesis takes place
thereby depressing the growth of sugarcane.
As rate of photosynthesis decreases with
increasing severity of K deficiency, plant growth
is retarded, internodes become shorter and the
stalks themselves are shorter and smaller in
diameter than those of well-fertilized
sugarcane plants.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
DEFISIENSI k DAN FOTOSINTESIS TEBU
Working with varieties H37-1933 and H507209 (Hartt and Burr, 1967) found that K
deficiency suppressed photosynthesis
when the foliar K concentration fell to about
0.40 K% dry matter.
Hartt, C.E and G.O Burr. 1967. Factors affecting
photosynthesis in sugarcane. Proceedings of the Congress of
the International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 12: 510609.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
RESPON PUPUK KALIUM
Lakholine et al. (1979) showed in a 3- year
study under Vidarbha conditions in India
that there was no response to K applied at
50 -100 kg K ha–1.
Prasad et al. (1996), found in a sandy loam
calcareous soil of North Bihar that cane
yield was increased from 50 t ha–1 without
K fertilization to 74.5 t ha–1 with only 60 kg
K ha–1.
Prasad, R., Prasad, U.S. and Sakal, R. 1996. Effect of
potassium and sulfur on yield and quality of sugar
cane grown in calcareous soils. Journal of Potassium
Research 12: 29-38.
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
Response of sugarcane to increasing rates of K in
soils of Mauritius with low, medium and
high available K as extracted in 0.1M H2SO4
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
Response of sugarcane found from 1990 to 1993 at a
site in Mauritius (Sans Souci) with only 0.16 cmol
exchangeable K kg–1
The Effects of Potassium on Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
K.F. NG KEE KWONG
Sugar Industry Research Institute, Réduit, Mauritius
Sugarcane first ratoon response to K as affected by (A) P rates
and (B) K rates in plant cane
(Rodella, 1990)
Rodella, A.A. 1990. Nutrient response relationships between
ratoon and plant crops in sugar cane. Sugar Cane 1: 3-7.
KALIUM & PRODUKSI TEBU
In Andhra Pradesh optimum level of harvesting time
was observed 12.96 months after planting at optimum
level of 119.7 kg/ha. of K2O and yield was 1106.87
q/ha.
In Bihar, optimum level of harvesting time was
observed 11.04 months after planting at optimum level
of 175.89 kg/ha. of K2O and yield was 1407.90 q/ha.
In Karnataka, optimum level of harvesting time was
observed 16 months after planting at optimum level of
151.9 Kg/ha. of K2O and yield was 1666.83 q/ha.
In Uttar Pradesh, optimum level of harvesting time was
observed 14 months after planting at optimum level of
177.5 Kg/ha. of K2O and yield was 692.45 q/ha.
In most of the states early harvesting and late
harvesting of sugarcane were not beneficial for
maximum yield.
Kumar Rajendra, Sharma S.C., Singh N.P. 2007.Effect of
optimum time of harvesting and dose of potash for sugarcane
crop. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika. 2007, Vol. 22, No.4, p.
257- 262 .
Phosphate and potash requirements of sugar cane in
relation to soil chemical analysis and soil type.
ICR Holford
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and
Animal Husbandry 6(23) 409 - 417
Percentage yields of sugar cane in fertilizer field
experiments harvested over a five-year period
were highly correlated with soil test levels in the
control plots.
The regressions of percentage yield on soil test
level were curvilinear, and a modified
Mitscherlich equation gave an excellent fit to the
points. Critical soil test levels were found to
exist, below which soils gave significant yield
responses to applied nutrients.
Critical soil test levels ranged over 5 to 20 p.p.m,
for phosphorus and 51 to 150 p.p.m. for
potassium. Within the deficient range of each
nutrient there were only weak relationships
between optimum fertilizer requirements and soil
test levels. There was some evidence to suggest
that soil type may be a useful complementary
criterion for predicting fertilizer requirements.
Effect of Potassium Chloride in Comparison with Potassium
Sulfate on Sugar Cane Production and some Soil Chemical
Properties under Egyptian Conditions
M.S. KHADR, A.Y. NEGM, F.A. KHALIL, L.W. ANTOUN
Soil, Water and Environment Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza,
Egypt.
Two field trials were carried out at two private locations (ElSheikh Makram and Shandaweel El- Balad) in Sohag
Governorate (Upper Egypt, loamy soil) to investigate the
effect of potassium fertilizer rate (115 and 230 Kg K2O / ha)
and source, i.e. potassium sulfate (SOP) and potassium
chloride (MOP).
The obtained results showed slight changes in melable and
sugar yields of the first two cuts, at El-Sheikh Makram, due
to K fertilizer application in favor of SOP with no specific
trend, while melable and sugar yields of the second ratoon
showed marked increases when recommended K rate was
doubled in both K forms in favor of SOP also. At the second
location of Shandaweel El-Balad, although some adverse
effects on melable and sugar yields of plant cane were
noticed due to MOP application with minor effects for SOP,
the higher K rate as SOP and the recommended one as
MOP induced increases in melable and sugar yields of the
first ratoon but these increases did not reach the
significance.
On the other hand, no salinity building up or Cl
accumulation due to MOP application was detected at the
soil of the two locations, while K application at both rates of
the two sources resulted in different increases in the
available soil K with no marked differences between the two
Effect of phosphorus and potassium
fertilization on sugar cane production in
Upper Egypt.
Abd El-Hadi, A.H.; M.A. El-Akabawy; A.Y.Negm and
M.M.Seleem (1992).
Proc. 5th Conf. Agron. Zagazig, 13-15 Sept.
The melable cane yield was increased by
11.17% and sugar yield by about 12.18%
due to the addition of 48 Kg K2O/ fed.
They added that from the economical point
of view, the addition of 48 Kg K2O/ fed was
more superior for higher sugar cane yield
production and sugar yield than the rate of
96 Kg K2O/ fed.
FERTILIZER EXPERIMENTS WITH SUGAR CANE VI - SPLITAPPLICATIONS OF POTASH.
ALVAREZ, R. and FREIRE, E. S..
Bragantia . 1962, vol.21, n.unico, pp. 31-43.
Rates of applications of 90, 180 and 270 kilograms of K2O to the
hectare were compared in the presence of NP, each rate being
applied in three ways: according to the usual method, i. e. the
whole quantity in the furrows, at planting time; half the quantily at
planting and half two months later; one third ot planting and each
of the other two thirds two ond 8 1/2 months afterwards.
In São Paulo the cane cuttings are planted in deep furrows and
slightly covered with soil, the filling of the furrows being achieved
gradually, with the usual cultivations. The first post-planting
application was made in those semi-filled furrows; the second, 20
centimeters to the side of the rows, as the furrows were almost
levelled.
The average response to potash was very high, but the methods
of application did not differ significantly. Nevertheless, it was
observed that the higher rotes were more effective when sptitted,
and the advantoge of splitting increased as the total dose was
increased. It seems that no appreciable losses by leaching of the
doses applied at planting ocurred. On the other hand, the plants
could utilize the post-planting fractions, for they were present in
soil layers where roots developped before the period of intensive
uptake of nutrients. Besides reducing possible losses by leaching
in certain soils, sppliting of higher rates of potash would contribute
to ovoid excessive salt concentration in the planting furrows.
Although some symptoms of salt-injury were observed, the
damage was not serious in the present experiment, because it
rained before and soon after planting.
Determination of Optimum Level of Potash
and its Effect Son Yield and Quality of
Sugarcane
Aman Ullah Chudhry and Amir Ahmad
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences Year: 2000.
Vol. 3 Issue. 7 Page1152-1153
The results showed that the potash levels did
not influence significantly the yield and yield
components like the number of mailable cane
at harvest m-2, cane length (m), cane
diameter, number of internodes per cane,
internodal length and weight per stripped
cane.
Similarly quality parameters like sucrose
contents and commercial cane sugar showed
non significant response to potassium. The
highest stripped cane yield of 1000.83 t ha-1
was obtained with 180 kg K2O ha-1.
Study of the optimum time of harvesting and dose of
potash for maximum Sugarcane yield by using
Response Surface Methodology
Kumar, Rajendra; Sharma, S C, Singh, N P.
Page(s): 172-176 ISSN: 0771-7706
BVAAP Vol.15(2) [December 2007]
The combined results of the experiment after pooling over number
of years/locations will be more broad based and more stable and
help research workers in formulating their future experimental
programmers and the extension workers in disseminating
information for practical farming. The object of this study was to
find the optimum time of harvesting and dose of potash for
sugarcane crop in various states of the country by using suitable
response surface model. In most of the cases optimum times of
harvesting and doses of potash were calculated by using
Quadratic Response Surface model for sugarcane crop. In Andhra
Pradesh optimum level of harvesting time was observed 12.96
months after planting at optimum level of 119.7 kg/ha of K₂O and
its yield was 1106.87 qlha. In Bihar, optimum level of harvesting
time was observed 11.04 months after planting at optimum level of
135.9 kg/ha of K₂O and yield was 796.00 qlha. In Maharashtra,
optimum level of harvesting time was observed 13.49 months after
planting at optimum level of 175.89 kg/ ha of K₂O and yield was
1407.90 q/ha.
In Kamataka, optimum level of harvesting time was observed 16
months after planting at optimum level of 151.9 kg/ha of K₂O and
yield was 1666.83 q/ha. In Uttar Pradesh, optimum level of
harvesting time was observed 14 months after planting at optimum
level of 177.5 kg/ha of K₂O and yield was 692.45 q/ha. In most of
the states early harvesting and late harvesting of sugarcane were
not beneficial for maximum yield.
Effect of Various Levels of Potash Application Through
Drip Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane
Deshmukh, A.S., P.P. Shinde, S.S. Katake, D.B. Phonde, V.S.
Mali, and P. Imas.
e-ifc No. 24 September 2010
Cane yield significantly changed in response to the
irrigation method and fertigation. A significant
increase in yield and commercial cane sugar (CCS)
was achieved by using drip system (T2) instead of
flood (T1), despite a large decrease in water used.