Transcript NetLearning CBL Template

The Effective
Preceptor
Bridging the Gap of
education and practice,
knowledge and experience.
A 44 page presentation
At the end of this CBL the
learner will be able to:
 Describe what a preceptor is
and the personal benefits of
being a preceptor
 Understand common
characteristics of adult
learners
 Understand how to facilitate
learning, and give feedback
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Definition of Preceptor
A preceptor is a qualified practitioner who provides
transitional role support and effective clinical
learning for a newcomer within a collegial
partnership.
A preceptor supports the growth and development
of a newcomer for a predetermined length of time
with the specific purpose of socializing and
integrating that newcomer into a new role
A preceptor wears the hat of teacher, tutor, mentor,
facilitator, and coach
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The Effective Preceptor
Characteristics of
the Effective Preceptor
 Careful analysis
 Communication
 Skillful management
 Motivating the patient
 Motivating the learner
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Adult Learning Principles
• Adults
are autonomous and self-directed.
• Adults come armed with related experience and
knowledge.
• Adults respond to a variety of teaching methods.
• Adults need to be shown respect.
•Adults want immediate application of what they
learn.
• Adults are goal-oriented.
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Considerations for Teaching
Adults
 Are they READY
 sufficient skills
 see a need to learn
 How will it effect their daily job life
 personal benefits
 Practical practice
 hands-on exercises, real-life scenarios
 Knowledge sharing/Participation
 ask questions
 encourage discussion
 Relate training to something they know
Four Principles of Learning
New learning is shaped
by the learner’s
prior knowledge
Much learning occurs
through social
interaction
Learners
Learning is tied
to particular situations
Successful learning
involves the use of
numerous strategies
Activists try anything
once, are easily bored,
seek new experiences
and are willing to have
a go.
Pragmatists test ideas
to see if they work –
down to earth,
problem solvers.
Reflectors like to ponder, to
observe from different
perspectives, do not draw quick
conclusions but listen and
observe.
Theorists seek to analyze and
synthesize, looking for the rational
schema. They like models and seek
to resolve ambiguity.
“Cone of Experience”
People generally remember:
10% of what they read
Read
Verbal
20% of what they hear
Hear Words
30% of what they see
Watch still picture
Watch moving picture
50% of what they hear
and see
70% of what they
say or write
Visual
Watch demonstration
Do a site visit
Do a dramatic presentation
90% of what
they say as
they do a thing
Simulate a real experience
Kinesthetic
(Experiential)
Do the real thing
Adapted from Wiman & Meirhenry, .Educational Media, 1960 on Edgar Dale
TOP TEN TIPS FOR TEACHING
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1. Remember your great teachers
and role models:
A great
teacher is
part of you
forever
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What makes a great teacher?
 Enthusiasm one of the most important
characteristics
 Clinical skills, organized approach.
 Adept at interacting with students,
actively involves student, gives ongoing
feedback
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Motivating the Learner
The Effective Preceptor
 Emphasizes problem solving
 Promotes active involvement
of the learner
 Demonstrates enjoyment and
enthusiasm for patient care
and teaching
 Develops a supportive
relationship with the learner
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2. Do An Orientation :
The Elks can seem like a maze to a
new learner
Take the time to orient the learner to
the department
Introduce them to the support staff
Go over your expectations
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Orient yourself to the learner
 Find out what is their level of training,
previous experience, what are their
objectives for the day?
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Careful Analysis
of the Learner
The Effective Preceptor
 Accurately assesses the
learner’s knowledge, attitudes
and skills
 Uses direct observation of the
learner
 Provides effective feedback
 Performs fair and thoughtful
evaluations
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3. Prime The Learner
 Prepare the learner before
entering the patient’s room
 Set the stage
 Give clear purpose and goals
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4: Use Effective Questioning
 Get a commitment from the learner
 “What do you think is going on?”
 Broadening
 “What else should we assess?”
 Justifying
 “What about this patient is typical of a Left Hemi?”
 Hypothetical
 “What if this was a Right Hemi?”
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Stages of Learning
*Very first step!
Help them discover what they don’t know
*Unconscious Incompetence
Conscious Competence
They will stay in this stage
for a while….they know it
but need to think to apply it.
Conscious Incompetence
Unconscious Competence
Wait time
 Wait for the light to come on:
Give
Give the learner sufficient time to
formulate their answer
 Studies show that teachers often wait
about one second before they answer
the question themselves
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Communication
The Effective Preceptor
 Possesses and demonstrates
broad knowledge
 Explains the basis for actions
and decisions
 Answers learner questions
clearly and precisely
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Communication
The Effective Preceptor
 Is open to conflicting ideas
and opinions
 Connects information to
broader concepts
 Communicates clear goals and
expectations
 Captures learners attention
 Makes learning fun
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5: Identify 1 minute
teachable moments:
Every moment can be a
teachable moment
 Learner asks a question
 Interesting clinical finding
 Interpreting labs & x-rays
 demonstrating an exam
maneuver or procedure
 communications with patients
or consultants
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When may it not be the best
time for a teachable moment
 Things are going wrong/ patient
crashing
 Emotionally charged situation for you,
the learner or patient
 End of shift
 Learner is saturated, tired, distracted,
hungry etc.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Remember that learning is an
activity that will only happen
when lower, more basic needs
are all ready met.
Spiritual
Intellectual
Emotional
Physical
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6: Use Modeling
 Be Capable: Demonstrate your belief in competency and
excellence in providing the best possible care to your
patients.
 Be Sensitive: Demonstrate sensitivity to patient concerns
as well as to the anxiety and needs of the learner
 Be Enthusiastic: Sharing your enthusiasm for patient care,
teaching and learning can produce more enthusiastic (and
fun) learners.
 Be Yourself: Demonstrating your approach to patient care
and honestly dealing with the uncertainty and ambiguity of
clinical care.
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Skillful Teaching and Practice
The Effective Preceptor
 Provides effective role
modeling
 Demonstrates skillful
interactions with patients
 Presents information with
organization and clarity
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Skillful Teaching and Practice
The Effective Preceptor
 Organizes and controls the
learning experience
 Gives appropriate
responsibility to the learner
 Balances clinical and teaching
responsibilities
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7: PROVIDE FEEDBACK
•You can observe a lot by watching
•Yogi Berra
Effective feedback provides
constructive suggestions to
reinforce or modify behavior
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Why Is Feedback Important?
 Learners who get feedback:
 do significantly better
 develop better judgement
 learn faster
 Learners rate feedback as second most
important quality of a good preceptor
 Most learners want more feedback on their
clinical skills
 Feedback helps everyone
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Barriers to Giving Feedback
“The learners already know how they
are doing.”
“I don’t have time.”
“That must have been an anomaly.”
“I’m not used to this. I feel
Part of being an
awkward.”
effective preceptor
“Learners get defensive.”
is to get past these
inaccurate or
limiting beliefs
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How to Give Feedback
Feed information back
to learner
Set expectations
Assess learner
Feedback…how to
 Always start with one thing
that went well….even if it is
just their attitude or
willingness to try.
 After the positive feedback
focus on one item that
could be improved
(Sandwich technique)
 I liked how you ……..
but make sure you also……..
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8: Know how to troubleshoot
But remember, your ability
to model keeping cool
under pressure and coming
up with “plan C” is a
valuable part of mentoring.
Reality is we need to work
in less than ideal
conditions…..but still strive
for great outcomes. The
learners also need to
develop these skills.
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9. You won’t have all the
answers
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When you don’t know the
answer
 Admit it!!
 Teacher should be a facilitator of learning
rather than an encyclopedic source of
knowledge
 Model ways of gathering the data
 Ask another team member
 What resources you can use
 Become co-learners together
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And remember….research has
shown that
Learners care more about
your enthusiasm than your
fund of knowledge
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It's not
what is poured into a student,
but
what is planted
Linda Conway
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10: The Nike Rule: JUST DO
IT !
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The Effective Preceptor
Growing in Effectiveness
Become a “connoisseur” of
teaching
 Careful Study
 Try new things
 Talk about it with others
 Meet with other interesting
people
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WHAT’S IN IT FOR ME?
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To teach is to learn
twice over
Joseph Joubert
Teaching is one of the best
ways to challenge and
motivate yourself to stay
current in skills and
knowledge.
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The mediocre teacher tells.
The good teacher explains.
The superior teacher
demonstrates.
The
great teacher inspires.
Remember the person you
mentor today ….may be your
caretaker tomorrow!
William Ward
There is great personal
satisfaction in “passing on” what
we all learned “the hard way”
“It’s always helpful to learn from
your mistakes because then your
mistakes are worthwhile”
Garry Marshall
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Thank you for your attention
 Please take the exam to
receive credit
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