Transcript Human-Computer Interaction for Tech Execs

CS313
Introduction to
Human Computer Interaction
Introduction
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HCI What? HCI Why?
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What happens when a human and a computer
system interact to perform a task?
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task - write document, calculate budget, solve equation, learn
about Bosnia, drive home, make a reservation, land a plane...
Why is this important?
Computer systems affect every person
Safety, satisfaction, utility is critical
Product success depends on ease of use
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Interfaces in the Real World
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Not just computers!
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VCR
Wristwatch
Phone
Copier
Car
Plane cockpit
Airline reservation
Air traffic control
Running shoes!
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Door Knobs v Levers
Usability
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Crucial issue in this area!
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Combination of
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Ease of learning
High speed of user task performance
Low user error rate
Subjective user satisfaction
User retention over time
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What is this class about?
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overview of HCI techniques
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Phenomena and theories of HCI
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Understanding of what usability is and means
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User interface design and development
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Awareness of Good and Bad design
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Application domain of HCI
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You will be able to create better user interfaces,
web sites, consumer products, etc.
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Phenomena and theories of HCI
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To understand human psychological architecture and
processing constraints
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To cover new design methods and techniques available
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To understand the new conceptual mechanism used in
HCI
Functionality v Interface/Mapping
Topics to be Covered
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Introduction to HCI
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Interaction Design Basic
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Usability Engineering
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Design Rules and Universal Design
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User Support Knowledge
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Cognitive and Perception Models
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Communication and Collaboration Models
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HCI Applications
What is HCI
• Short
for
Interaction.
human-computer
• A discipline concerned with the
study, design, construction and
implementation of human-centric
interactive computer systems.
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Pictograms
What is usability?
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Usability can simply be thought of as the practical
implementation of good HCI, but, more formally :
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Usability means easy to learn, effective to use and
providing an enjoyable experience
Web applications
3D graphics
from “bandviz.cg.tuwien.ac.at”
Final Fantasy XI
Display walls
Augmented and virtual reality
http://idw-online.de/pages/de/image16073 http://www.novint.com/VRDTS.htm
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What’s wrong with each?
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Type of error
Who is affected
Impact
What’s a redesign solution?
Why Study HCI?
Business view :
to
employ people more productively and
effectively
- people costs now far outweigh hardware and
software costs
people
now expect “easy to use” systems
- generally they are not tolerant of poorly designed
systems
- if a product is hard to use, they will seek other
products
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What is HCI?
Task
Organizational &
Social Issues
Design
Technology
Humans
Who are “Users”?
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People who will use a product or web site.
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As opposed to the “Designers”
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People who create the system or web site
Have to make an effort to Know The User
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The Perfect User (every designer ‘s wish)
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Above All Else…
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Know the User!
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Physical & cognitive abilities (& special
needs)
Personality & culture
Knowledge & skills
Motivation
Two Fatal Mistakes:
Assume all users are alike
Assume all users are like the designer
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The Human
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Information i/o via
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visual
auditory
haptic
movement channels
Information stored in memory
Information processed and applied
“Which direction?”
“Help”
“Boat"
Underwater Communications and
Hand Signals
Plane Director Uses Hand Signals
to Give Directions to Pilots
Memory
There are three types of memory function:
Sensory memories (buffers for stimuli: visual  iconic,
auditory  echoic, touch  haptic)
Short-term memory or working memory
Long-term memory
Selection of stimuli governed by level of arousal.
How to design and build usable UIs?
UI Development process :
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User Profiling
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Usability goals
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Task analysis & understanding the process
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Prototyping
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Evaluation
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Programming
IMPLEMENT
DESIGN
USE &
EVALUATE
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Design Evaluation
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“Looks good to me” isn’t good enough!
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Both subjective and objective metrics
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Some things we can measure
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Time to learn
Speed of performance
Rate of errors by user
Retention over time
Subjective satisfaction
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Interaction Model
• The most influential model of interaction is Donald
Norman’s (http://www.jnd.org/) :
Execution-Evaluation cycle
• Norman divides interaction into :
– Execution
• User activities aimed at making the system do
something
– Evaluation
• Evaluating whether the system did actually do
what the user wanted
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What is the “User Interface”?
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Everything the user encounters
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Functionality
Content
Labels
Presentation
Layout
Navigation
Speed of response
Documentation & Help
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The Computer
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a computer system is made up of various elements
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each of these elements affects the interaction
 input devices - text entry and pointing
 output devices - screen, audio
 paper input and output
 memory - RAM, permanent storage media
 processing - speed of processing, networks
Keyboards cont
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What is “Usability”?
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= Quality!
Learnability
Efficiency
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Memorability
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Productivity
Little “re-learning” required
Satisfaction
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Pleasurable
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Skinput: Appropriating the Body
as an Input Surface
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CHI’2010
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Chris Harrison, HCII, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Desney Tan (formerly CMU), Dan Morris, Microsoft Research, USA
Use a tiny projector on body to show menus
Microphones to listen to taps on hand/arm
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Signal processing and machine learning to
differentiate positions
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Why are Interfaces Important?
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Sit-down-and-use computers and software
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Usability is critical to software sales:
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Don't read the manuals
In magazine ratings
"User friendly"
HCI-trained people build better interfaces
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Programmers don't think like end-users
Exposure to different kinds of interfaces, problems
User model, not system model
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Problem
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Appliances are too complex
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Problem
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Too many remotes
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Problem
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Good UIs on Successful Products
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Palm succeeded where other handhelds had
failed due to a focus on usability:
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Fit into pocket
Reliable gestural text input
Commands immediately available
Apple iPod lauded for
design and user interface
Apple iPhone –
Wii controller, vs. XBox, PS3
graphics & power
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Why Hard to Design UIs?
“It is easy to make things hard. It is hard to
make things easy.”
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User Interface design is a creative process
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Designers have difficulty thinking like users
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Often need to understand task domain
Can’t “unlearn” something
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Why Difficult
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Tasks and domains are complex
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Existing theories and guidelines are not
sufficient
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Too specific and/or too general
Standard does not address all issues.
Adding graphics can make worse
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Word 1 (100 commands) vs. Word 2007 (>2000)
MacDraw 1 vs. Illustrator
BMW iDrive adjusts over 700 functions
Pretty  Easy to use
Can’t just copy other designs
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Legal issues
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Course Materials: Books
Sl.No.
Title
Author(s)
Publisher
01.
Human Computer Interaction
Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory
Abowd, Russel Beale
Prentice Hall, NJ
02.
Human Computer Interaction
Jenny Preece, Yvaonne Rogers,
Helen Sharp, David Benyan, Simon
Holand, Tom Carey
Addison Wesley (UK)
03.
Human Computer Interaction: Issues
and Challenges
Qiyang Chen
Idea Group Publishing,
NY
04.
Human Computer Interaction in the
new millennium
John M. Carrol
Addison Wesley
Publishing
05.
Collaboration, Communication and
Commerce in the 21st Century
Joe Clabby
Prentice Hall, NJ
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User Interface Design: Strategies for
Effective Human Computer
Interaction
Ben Shneiderman
Addison Wesley, NJ
07.
Object Modeling and User Interface
Design
Mark Van Harmelen
Addison Wesley, NY
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Voice Communication between
Human and Machine
David B. Roe, Jay G. Wilpon
National Academy Press
Subject : Structure
 CS313
Human Computer
Interaction
 2 credits, 2 hours a week
lecture + 2 hours a week lab
(2 groups) choose one
Evaluation Plan
Mid-Semester Test
 End-Semester Test
 Teacher’s Evaluation
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15-20%
70%
10-15%
Project A/ Report
Project B / seminar
Attendance
(Minimum 75% is must)
Course Materials: Internet Links
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Web site maintained by the course instructor
http://www.alexu.edu.eg/index.php/ar/2011-09-26-07-06-34/15-data/797-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%B3-313
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Alexandria University site www.alexu.edu.eg
Email: [email protected]
Your first task
Work individually
 Take a picture of one badly designed
object you can find here
 Prepare a PowerPoint / report to
explain why do you think the object is
badly designed
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Group Project
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Design and evaluate an interface
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0 - Team formation & topic choice
1 - Understand the problem space
2 - Exploring the design space
3 - Prototype
4 - Evaluation
Presentation, documentation
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Topic Ideas
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Mobile/handheld (cars, tour guides, etc.)
Wedding planner
GIS
Calendar agent (speech)
Audio / Web sites
Domain that you know well
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