Transcript Una introduction corta de Espanol Medical

Una introduction corta
de Espanol Medical
A Short Introduction to Medical
Spanish
Please note:
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Phrases in this lecture have been translated directly,
thus if it says: “Yo soy Sam” I have translated it as literally
as I can to “I am Sam”.
2. Cognates are words that are similar sounding in two languages.
“Constipation” does not mean “recipe” in Spanish. Find and hold
onto cognates for dear life, they are pearls.
3. Practice phrases first, show an interest in learning, and remember
how good it is to hear things in your mother tongue. Spanish
people are very liberal in their tolerance of grammatical errors and
mis-pronounciations. Any (grammatical) error is already forgiven.
4. Spanish reads as it is written, take a stab at “Yo Soy la enfermera”
and chances are you are pronouncing it adequately, if not correctly.
5. “Despacio”= slowly. Tell your patients to slow down and obscure
phrases become common words.
6. This is a work in progress.
Conjugation
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Spanish is a language that modifies its verbs
to reflect who is doing the action.
The modifications are made at the end of the
word.
Conjugation: the concept
There are three types of verbs in Spanish: ones that
end in AR, end in ER and end in IR, there are also
irregular verbs.
The verb endings are different depending on who is
doing the action.
I/ Yo
You (relaxed)/ Tu
He, She, You formal/ El, Ella, Usted
We/ Nosotros
You (plural) You’all/ Ustedes
How AR Verbs are conjugated
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Tomar- to take, to drink
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I/Yo: tomO
You (formal)/Tu: tomAS
He/She/You/ El/Ella/Usted: tomA
We/ Nosotros: tomAMOS
You’all/ Ustedes: tomAN
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Conjugation Simplified
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For our sake we can simplify the persons so that we
primarily use two of the persons
The Yo form, with you meaning I (first person), which
if you are the speaker means yourself.
A simple rule of thumb is that Yo rhymes with the
verb because as noted above, the conjugation is to
take out the ar er or ir ending and add O.
For example: Comer- to eat. When I want to say “I
eat” I say Yo comO. Er is removed, o in its place.
Tomar- to drink. When I want to say “I drink” I say:
Yo tomO.
Vivir- to live. When I want to say “I live” I say: Yo
vivO.
Conjugation Continued
(irregular)
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Ser- to be (permenantly). When I want to say
“I am” I say Yo SOy. This is because Ser is
irregular, but notice that the conjugation still
keeps the spirit of the conjugation, i.e. it
retains the O sound at the end. It should be
Yo sO, but because of how it sounds in the
language Y is added and it becomes Yo sOy.
Conjugation Simplified
The other useful form besides Yo is the
(El/Ella/Usted) form. This basically covers
He, She or You. To conjugate you take off the
ar, er or ir ending, and add a if it ends in ar, or
e if it ends in er or ir. For example:
 Hablar- to speak.
 El hablA- He speaks, Ella hablA- She speaks
and Usted hablA- you speak.
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Conjugation Simplified
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Entender- to understand
El entiendE la forma- He understands the
form.
Ella entiendE la forma- She understands the
form.
Usted etiendE la forma- You understand the
form.
Yo entiendO la forma- I understand the form.
Conjugation Simplified
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Abrir- to open
Yo abrO la puerta- I open the door.
El abrE la puerta- He opens the door.
Ella abrE la puerta- She opens the door.
Usted abrE la puerta- You open the door.
If you’ve mastered these two conjugations (the O
ending and the E/A ending) you can talk about most
issues pretty fluently.
Power Verbs
Necesitar- to need
Ir- to go to
Tener- to have
Hacer- to do
Poder- to be able to
Ser- to be
Power Verbs: Enpowered
Necesitar- to need
I/Yo necesitO
He/She/You /El/Ella/Usted necesitA
Que medicina (Usted) necesita tomar?
What medicine (You) need to take?
Necesito examinar su abdomen.
I need to examine your abdomen.
Power Verbs are often irregular, in
this instance, you must remember
how they are conjugated
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Ser- to be (permenantly)
Soy- I am
Es- he/she/you are
Ir- to go
Voy- I go
Va- he/she/you go
Poder- to be able to
Puedo- I am able to
Puede- he/she/you are able to
Ir
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Ir that means to go can be a rudimentary proxy for a
future tense. Thus
Voy a caminar.- I am going to walk.
Voy a examinar el. -I am going to examine him.
Notice that you do not have to conjugate the key
verb, you just need to remember that: Voy is for Yo,
and Va is for el/ ella/ Usted.
Conversational Pearls
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Hola- Hello
Soy el doctor/la doctora- I am the doctor.
Me nombre es Doctor Cook- My name is Dr Cook.
Voy a traer el telefono por el translator- I am going
to bring the phone for the translator
Necesita el translator o Usted puede hablar en
ingles?- (Do) You need the translator or (are) you
able to speak in english?
Nesecito examinar Usted- I need to examine you.
Hablo espanol un pequito- I speak spanish a little.
The questions words
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Quien- who
Que- what
Cuando- when
Donde- where
Como- how
Por que- why
Cuantas- how many
Si- Yes and No- No
Questions/ Preguntas
Questions in Spanish are just a matter of vocal inflection, raise the
tone at the end of the phrase like in English and a statement of fact
becomes a question.
El toma medication.- He takes medication
El toma medication?- Does he take medication?
The previous words are needed to guide the question. The vocal
inflection just indicates that you are questioning whether what is
being said is true.
El es bueno- He is good, El es bueno?- He is good?
Como el es bueno?- How is he good?
Some additional detail is being sought.
Commands are all in the tone
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In like manner to say something can be a way of
commanding that it be done. Usted levanta!- You get up!
Or likewise,
Yo examino usted- I examine you.
Medical Verbs
Doler-
to hurt
to sleep
Embarzar se- to become pregnant
Encender- to turn on
Encontrar- to find
Escupar- to spit
Escuchar- to listen
Empujar- to push against
Enfermar se- to get sick
Entrar- to enter
Enyesar- to put a cast on, 鍍o cast�
Estar- to be (temporarily)
Esterilizar- to sterilize
Evitar- to avoid
Examinar- to examine
Exhalar- to exhale
Firmar- to sign
Fumar- to smoke
Gastar- to waste
Golpear- to hit, to strike
Guardar- to protect, to guard
Hablar- to speak
Hacer- to do
Indicar- to indicate
Infectar- to infect
Inhalar- to inhale
Ingresar- to admit
Immunizar- to immunize
Inyectar- to inject
Ir- to go
Jalar- to push
Lastimar- to hurt
Lavar- to wash
Levantar- to get up
Levanter- to lift
Limpiar- to clean
Llamar- to call
Llevar- to carry
Manejar- to drive
Dormir-
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Abrir- to open
Acostar se- to lie down
Amputar- amputate
Andar- to walk
Apagar- to shut off
Apretar- to squeeze
Aprender- to learn
Assistir- to attend
Attender- to assist
Ayudar- to help
Bajar- to lower
Buscar- to look for
Caer- to fall
Cambiar- to change
Caminar- to walk
Consultar- to consult
Cerrar- to close
Circular- to circulate
Cocinar- to cook
Comer- to eat
Comprar- to buy
Congelar- to freeze
Contagiar- to infect
Contaminar- to contaminate
Cortar- to cut
Crecer- to increase, to grow
Cubrir- to covor
Curar- to cure
Danar- to damage
Dar- to give
Decir- to say
Defecar- to defecate
Deletrear- to spell
Descansar- to rest
Decrecer- to decrease, to shrink
Desear- to desire
Desinfectar- to disinfect
Masticar- to
chew
to measure
Tocar- to touch
Mirar- to look
Tomar- to drink, to consume
Mojar- to wet
Torcer- to twist
Morir- to die
Toser- to cough
Mover- to move
Trabajar- to work
Necesitar- to need
Traer- to bring
Observar- to observe
Tragar- to swallow
Oir- to hear
Usar- to use
Operar- to operate
Venir- to come
Orinar- to urinate
Vendir- to sell
Pasar- to happen
Vestir se- to dress
Pensar- to think
Vir- to see
Perder- to lose
Volver- to return
Pesar- to weigh
Vomitar- to vomit
Poder- to be able to
Visitar- to visit
Poner- to put, to place
Preguntar- to question
Preparar- to prepare
Quedar- to remain
Quemar- to burn
Quitar- to remove
Recetar- to prescribe
Regresar- to return
Respirar- to breath
Saber- to know
Sacar- to take (like to take an x ray)
Salir- to leave
Sentar se- to sit
Sentir se- to feel
Seguir- to follow
Secar- to dry
Sangrar- to bleed
Ser- to be (permenantly)
Sufrir- to suffer
Tener- to have
Terminar- to end
Medir-
Vocabulary-body parts
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Abdomen- el abdomen
Arm- el brazo
Artery- la arteria
Back- la espalda
Bladder- la vejiga
Bone- el hueso
Bottom- las nalgas
Breast- la mamma
Chest- el pecho
Ear- el oido
Esophagus- el esophago
Eye- el ojo
Face- la cara
Foot- el pie
Finger- el dedo
Forearm- el antebrazo
Gall bladder- la vesicular biliar
Genetalia- la genitalia
Hair- el pello
Hand- el mano
Head- la cabeza
Heart- el corazon
Heel- el talon
Joint- la articulation
Kidney- el rinon
Knee- la rodilla
Large Intestine- el intestino grueso
Leg- la pierna
Liver- el higado
Lung- el pulmon
Mouth- la boca
Neck- el cuello
Nerve- el nervio
Nose-
la nariz
el ovario
Pelvis- la pelvis
Penis- el pene
Rectum- el recto
Shoulder- el hombro
Skin- el piel
Small Intestine- el intestino delgado
Stomach- el estomago
Teeth- los dientes
Throat- la garganta
Tongue- la lengua
Trachea- la trachea
Toe- el dedo de pie
Ureter- el ureter
Urethra- la urethra
Vein- la vena
Wrist- la muneca
Ovary-
Case
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You are on a hike in Fairmount Park, climbing one of the small hills
when half way up you come upon an elderly couple, the man is lying
upon the ground and the woman looks distressed. She is speaking
in Spanish and you notice that your cell phone does not have any
reception. What key pieces of information would you like to have
regarding the man’s health? What Spanish phrases would you like
to know?
EMERGENCY PHRASES
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Usted tiene falta de aire?- (Do) you have difficulty breathing (fault of
air)?
Usted tiene problemas de salud?- Do you has problem of health?
Que son los problemas de salud para el?- What are the problems of
health with him?
El tiene allergias?- He have allergies?
Usted tiene dolor?- You have pain?
Usted tiene dolor de pecho?- You have chest pain?
Donde esta el dolor?- Where is the pain?
Con que dura el tiene este problema? - With what duration he has
this problem ? (how long?)
Soy el doctor- I am the doctor
Voy a ayudar Usted- I am going to help you.
Va a acostar- You are going to lie down.
Si / No- Yes / No
Haga Eso- do this
When you are self sufficient…
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Que es la palabra en espanol para este?What is the word in spanish for this?
Then the learning begins
Referencias
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Joanna Rios Ph.D. and Jose Fernandez Torres (2004). McGraw-Hill’s Complete Medical Spanish. New York:
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Robert O Chase and Clarisa Medina de Chase (2003). An Introduction to Spanish for Health Care Workers. New
Haven: Yale University Press