Transcript Document

OSHA’S NEW STEEL
ERECTION STANDARD
When industry and labor
work together, we can save
lives.
Steel Erection Activities
• Every year, an average of 35 iron
workers die during steel erection
activities and 2,300 more suffer lost
workday injuries,"
Standard
• New subpart R is the first OSHA safety
standard developed under the
Negotiated Rulemaking Act
• Developed by members of the Steel
Erection Negotiated Rulemaking
Advisory Committee (Senrac)
The Final Rule Contains
Requirements For:
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Hoisting and rigging
Structural Steel Assembly
Beam and Column connections
Joist Erection
Systems-engineered Metal Building
Erection
• Fall Protection
• Training
The new standard covers all workers
engaged in steel erection activities
• The Standard does not
cover electric transmission
towers, communication
towers, broadcast towers,
water towers or tanks
Effective Dates
• Original effective date July 18,
2001
• Revised effective date Jan. 18,
2002.
Additional Time
• Gives industry time to become familiar with
the new requirements and to provide training
to employees in the construction industry.
• Allow employers time to make the necessary
changes to avoid costly re-fabrication of
already made components and avoid serious
delays to projects that would affect all trades
involved in the construction process.
Question
• Is the construction of a house framed
with metal studs within subpart R?
• No. A housed framed with metal studs
is not covered by the standard
Question
• When would the installation of metal
studs be covered by subpart R?
• The installation of metal studs is
covered by Subpart R when the studs
are integrated with the structural steel
framing of a building.
Question
• Is the installation of a standing seam
metal roof on a wood framed structure
covered by subpart R?
• Yes. The definition of metal decking
includes standing seam metal roofs.
Question
• A fabricated tank is installed on a pad.
The tank has connection points for a
catwalk pre-installed by the
manufacturer. The catwalk will be
installed by a crane crew after the tank
is installed. Do the fall protection
requirements of subpart R apply to the
installation of the catwalk?
Answer
• Yes. Catwalks has traditionally been
considered miscellaneous metals, and
the installation of miscellaneous metals
is covered by Subpart R?
Major causes of injuries and fatalities
in the steel erection industry
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Working under loads
Hoisting, landing and placing decking
Column stability
Double connections
Landing and placing steel joints
Falls to lower levels.
1926.751:
Definitions
Competent Person
• Means one who is capable of identifying
existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions
which are unsanitary, hazardous, or
dangerous to employees, and who has
authorization to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them.
Controlling Contractor
• Means a prime contractor, general
contractor, construction manager or
any other legal entity which has the
overall responsibility for the
construction of the project -- its
planning, quality and completion.
Qualified person
• One who, by possession of a
recognized degree, certificate, or
professional standing, or who by
extensive knowledge, training, and
experience, has successfully
demonstrated the ability to solve or
resolve problems relating to the
subject matter, the work, or the
project.
Shear Connector
• Headed steel studs, steel bars, steel
lugs, and similar devices which are
attached to a structural member for the
purpose of achieving composite action
with concrete.
Site-Specific Erection Plan
• Requires pre-planning of key erection
elements, including coordination with
controlling contractor before erection
begins, in certain circumstances.
Steel Erection
• Construction, alteration or repair of
steel buildings, bridges and other
structures, including the installation of
metal decking and all planking used
during the process of erection.
1926.752:
Site Layout &
Construction Sequence
Controlling Contractor
• Steel Erector provided notification of:
– Concrete having attained sufficient
strength.
– Alteration of anchor bolts.
– Adequate access to storage areas.
– That concrete has cured enough to
support steel erection
Hoisting operations
• Must be pre-planned to reduce
employee exposure to overhead loads.
Question
• Can the controlling contractor contract with
subcontractor to perform the work required
by 1926.752(a)? If so, is the controlling
contractor still responsible for these duties
after subcontracting them?
• Yes. The Controlling contractor is
responsible for ensuring that the work was
performed.
Question
• Does the written notification from the
controlling contractor to the steel erector
about concrete footing, etc. in 1926.752(a)
& (b) have to be maintained on site?
• Once the written notification is given to the
erector, there is no requirement that it be
maintained at the site.
Question
• Does the anchor bolt repair, replacement or
field -modification approval from the
Structural Engineer of Record (SER)
required by 1926.755(b)(1) have to be
maintained on site?
• No. Once the written notification is given,
it does not have to be maintained on site.
1926.753:
Hoisting & Rigging
1926.753 Hoisting and
rigging
(Supplement to
the
requirements
of 1926.550)
Construction Safety Council
Pre-shift Inspection
Requirements
• Pre-shift inspection must be done by a
competent person.
• Rigging must be inspected prior to
each shift by a qualified rigger
Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes:
• all control mechanisms
for maladjustments
excessive wear of
components and
contamination by
lubricants or other
foreign matter
• safety devices
• hooks and latches
Construction Safety Council
• pressurized lines for
leakage
• wire rope
• electrical apparatus
• hydraulic system
• tires
• ground conditions
• hoisting equipment
General
 The employer shall obtain
and/or prepare a certification
record of the pre-shift
inspection
Construction Safety Council
General
 The operator shall be responsible
for those operations under the
operator’s direct control
Construction Safety Council
General
2) Qualified rigger to inspect the
rigging prior to each shift
3) Headache ball not used to
transport personnel
4) Only use of personnel platforms
in accordance with 1926.550 (g)
Construction Safety Council
Safety Latches
Safety latches on
hooks shall not
be deactivated.
Construction Safety Council
Responsibilities During
Crane Operations
• Safety latches
• Employees engaged in initial steel
erection or hooking/unhooking to work
under loads in some specific instances.
• Operators are responsible for operations
under their control and have the authority
to stop and refuse to handle loads until
safety has been assured.
Responsibilities During
Crane Operations
• Prohibit the use of cranes to hoist
personnel unless ALL provisions of
1926.550 are met except 1926.550(g)(2)
• When working under loads requirements
in this section must be followed.
• Multiple lift rigging is permitted as long
as the requirements in this erection are
met. [.753(d)].
Working Under Loads
• Materials being hoisted shall be rigged to
prevent unintentional displacement;
• Hooks with self-closing safety latches or
their equivalent shall be used to prevent
components from slipping out of the
hook; and
• All loads shall be rigged by a qualified
rigger
Question
• Does the standard permit a qualified rigger
to design and assemble a “multiple lift
rigging” assembly on the jobsite by mixing
components from one rigging supplier or by
mixing components from several rigging
suppliers?
• Yes
Question
• How often must the multiple lift
rigging assembly be inspected?
• Before every shift.
Question
• The crane is rented, and the operator is
supplied by the crane rental company. The
steel erector designates the operator as the
competent person for the purposes of the
pre-lift inspection requirements. Is the steel
erector still responsible for the pre-lift
inspection?
• Yes
1926.754:
Structural Steel
Assembly and Stability
1926.754
Structural Steel Assembly
• Structural stability shall be maintained
• Additional requirements shall apply for multi-story structures:
• The permanent floors shall be installed & no more than eight
stories between the erection floor and the upper-most permanent
floor.
• No more than four floors or 48 feet (14.6 m), whichever is less,
of unfinished bolting or welding above the foundation or
uppermost permanently secured floor
• Fully planked or decked floor or nets shall be maintained within
two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m), whichever is less, directly under
any erection work being performed.
1926.754(c):
Walking/Working Surfaces
• Shear connectors (such as headed steel
studs, steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing
bars, deformed anchors or threaded studs
shall not be attached to the top flanges of
beams, joists or beam attachments so that
they project vertically from or horizontally
across the top flange of the member until
after the metal decking, or other walking/
working surface, has been installed.
Installation of shear connectors on
composite floors, roofs and bridge decks.
• When shear connectors are used in
construction of composite floors, roofs and
bridge decks, employees shall lay out and
install the shear connectors after the metal
decking has been installed, using the metal
decking as a working platform. Shear
connectors shall not be installed from within
a controlled decking zone (CDZ), as
specified in §1926.760(c)(8).
Slip resistance of skeletal
structural steel.
• Workers shall not be permitted to walk the top
surface of any structural steel member installed
after July 18, 2007 that has been coated with
paint or similar material
• The results shall be available at the site and to the
steel erector.
Plumbing-up Equipment:
turnbuckles
– properly secured
– secured to prevent
unwinding
– placed so employees can
get to connection points
– removed only under the
supervision of a
competent person
Construction Safety Council
Question
• 1926.754(b)(3) requires a fully planked or
decked floor or nets within 2 stories or 30
feet, whichever is less. Can an employer’s
requirement that workers be protected by
fall arrest equipment at all times above 6
feet take the place of nets and temporary
floors?
• Yes. If he establishes, communicates &
enforces policy.
Question
• If a roof opening is 11 inches by 25
feet, does it need to be covered for
steel erection purposes.
• No. The definition of an opening refers
to a gap whose least dimension is 12
inches or more.
1926.755:
Column Anchorages
General requirements for
erection stability
 Columns anchored by a min. of 4
bolts and designed to resist a 300#
eccentric load at 18” from the
column face.
 Columns set on level finished
floors, pre-grouted leveling plates,
leveling nuts, or shim packs.
 Unstable columns shall be
evaluated by a competent person.
Construction Safety Council
(b)Repair, replacement or field modification
(1)Need approval of the project structural engineer.
(2)Approval shall state whether guying or bracing is
necessary.
(3)Controlling contractor shall provide written
notification to the steel erector.
Construction Safety Council
Question
• To make a field repair to an anchor
rod, must there be a written order from
the project’s engineer of record?
• No. The standard does not require that
the approval be in writing.
1926.756:
Beams and Columns
Beams and Columns
a) General. Secured
with at least two bolts
per connection.
b) Diagonal bracing.
With bracing,
secured by at least
one bolt per
connection.
Beams and Columns
c) Double connections
at columns and/or
at beam webs over
a column. At least
one bolt or similar
connection device
is present.
Beams and Columns
d) Column splices.
Designed to resist a
300# eccentric load
located at 18” from
column face.
e) Perimeter columns.
Must extend a min. of
48” above the finished
floor for safety cables.
Multiple Lift Rigging
Construction Safety Council
Multiple Lift Rigging
 multiple lift rigging assembly is used;
 maximum of five members is hoisted
per lift;
 only structural members are lifted;
and
 employees engaged in the lift have
been trained in the procedures in
1926.761 (c)(1)
Construction Safety Council
(4)The multiple lift rigging assembly
shall be rigged with the members:
rigged from the top down
attached at their center of
gravity and maintained level
Construction Safety Council
rigged at
least 7 feet
apart
Multiple Lift Rigging
 Components of the multiple lift rigging
assembly shall be specifically designed
and assembled with a maximum
capacity for total assembly and for
each individual attachment point.
 Capacity must be certified by the
manufacturer or a qualified rigger and
have a 5 to 1 safety factor
Construction Safety Council
Multiple Lift Rigging
 The total load shall not exceed:
 The rigging capacity
 The rated capacity of the hoisting equipment
 The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be rigged
with the members:
 attached at their center of gravity and
maintained level;
 rigged from the top down; and
 rigged at least 7 feet apart
Construction Safety Council
Multiple Lift Rigging
 The members on the multiple lift
rigging assembly shall be set from the
bottom up.
 Controlled load lowering shall be used
whenever the load is over the
connectors.
Construction Safety Council
1926.757:
Open Web Steel Joists
Open Web Steel Joists
• Requirements minimizing collapse of
lightweight steel joists by addressing need
for erection bridging and method of
attachment.
• Requirements for bridging terminus
anchors with illustrations and drawings in a
non-mandatory appendix (provided by SJI).
• New requirements to minimize collapse in
placing loads on steel joists.
Question
• If workers are on a one story building
that is 20 feet tall (top of steel) and the
joist require horizontal bridging, is fall
protection required for employees
installing bridging?
• Yes.
1926.758:
Systems-Engineered
Metal Buildings
Systems-Engineered
Metal Buildings
• Requirements to minimize collapse in
the erection of these specialized
structures which account for a major
portion of steel erection in this
country.
Systems-Engineered
Metal Buildings
b) Structural column shall have a minimum
of 4 anchor bolts.
c) Rigid frames shall have a minimum of
50% of install & tightened on both sides of
the web adjacent to each flange before
hoisting equipment is released.
d) Construction loads may not be placed on
structural steel framework unless it is
adequately secured.
Systems-Engineered
Metal Buildings
 Steel joist secured before releasing hoisting
cables, allowing employees on joist, or placing
construction loads on joist.
 Purlins & Girts may not be used as anchorage
points without written approval from qualified
person.
 Permanent bridging installed and fall protection
provided before purlins are used as a
walking/working surface.
1926.759:
Falling Object
Protection
Falling Object Protection
• All materials, equipment, and tools that
are not being used must be secured
against accidental displacement.
• Controlling contractor must bar other
construction processes below steel
erection, unless overhead protection is
provided.
1926.760:
Fall Protection
General requirements
 Anyone over 15 feet, except
in (a)(3)
 (2)Fall protective systems
shall conform to 1926.502.
 (3)Connectors and
employees working in
controlling decking zones
protected from fall hazards
as provided in (b) and (c) of
this section.
Construction Safety Council
Connectors
 Protected when more than
two stories or 30 feet above
a lower level;
 Complete connector
training in accordance with
1926.761; and
 Provided with fall arrest or
fall restraint systems when
15’ to 30’ above a lower
level.
Construction Safety Council
Question
• At what height are connectors required to
be protected from falls? Is there a conflict
between 1926.760(b)(1) & 1926.760(b)(3)?
• 30 feet or 2 stories.
• (b)(3) requires that employees be provided
with fall protection equipment and be able
to tie off at all times between 15-30 feet
Custody of Fall Protection
 Fall protection shall remain in an area
to be used by other trades if
controlling contractor:
 Has directed the steel erector to
leave the fall protection in place.
 Has inspected and accepted control
and responsibility of the fall
protection prior to authorizing
persons to work in the area.
Construction Safety Council
Working Under Loads
 Routes for suspended loads shall
be pre-planned
 When working under suspended
loads, the following must be meet:
 materials rigged to prevent
unintentional displacement;
 self-closing safety latches shall
be used;
 all loads rigged by qualified
riggers.
Construction Safety Council
Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ)
• Controlled decking zone (CDZ) provisions to prevent
decking fatalities.
• Deckers in a CDZ and connectors must be protected
at heights greater than two stories or 30 feet.
Connectors between 15 and 30 feet must wear fall
arrest or restraint equipment and be able to be tied off
or be provided another means of fall protection.
• Requires fall protection for all others engaged in steel
erection at heights greater than 15 feet.
1926.761: Training
• Requires qualified person to train
exposed workers in fall protection.
• Requires qualified person to train
exposed workers engaged in special,
high risk activities
Multiple Lift
Rigging Procedure
• The nature of the hazard associated
with multiple lifts
• Proper procedures & equipment to
perform multiple lifts required by
1926.753(e)
Connector Procedures
• The nature of the hazard associated
with connecting.
• The establishment, access, proper
connecting,techniques and work
practices required by 1926.756(c)
& 1926.760(b).
Controlled Decking Zone
• The nature of the hazard associated
with work within the controlled
decking zone.
• The establishment, access, proper
connecting,techniques and work
practices required by 1926.754(e)
& 1926.760(c).
DISCLAIMER
This information has been developed by an OSHA
Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended
to assist employers, workers, and others as they
strive to improve workplace health and safety.
While we attempt to thoroughly address
recordkeeping, it is not possible to include
discussion of everything necessary to ensure a
healthy and safe working environment in a
presentation of this nature. Thus, this information
must be understood as a tool for addressing
workplace hazards, rather than an exhaustive
statement of an employer’s legal obligations,
which are defined by statute,
DISCLAIMER
regulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent
that this information references practices or
procedures that may enhance health or safety, but
which are not required by a statute, regulation, or
standard, it cannot, and does not, create additional
legal obligations. Finally, over time, OSHA may
modify rules and interpretations in light of new
technology, information, or circumstances; to keep
apprised of such developments, or to review
information on a wide range of occupational safety
and health topics, you can visit OSHA’s website at
www.osha.gov